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	Author	Beauchamp, G.
	Title	Individual Differences In Activity And Exploration Influence Leadership In Pairs Of Foraging Zebra Finches			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2000	Publication	Behaviour	Abbreviated Journal	Behaviour
	Volume	137	Issue		Pages	301-314
	Keywords
	Abstract	This study investigated the role of dominance and level of activity and exploration on leadership in zebra finches (Taenopygia guttata) searching for food. In pairs of zebra finches fairly matched in size and that experienced the same level of food deprivation, the same bird consistently reached first one foraging patch over several trials. The same pattern of arrival to food occurred when resources were provided in two distant patches available concurrently, a situation that would potentially allow subordinates a greater access to resources. In further testing, the formation of new pairs with the same birds led to several changes in leadership, indicating that leadership is not an absolute feature. The member of a pair that proved to be the most active and exploratory during independent, solitary trials became the leader in nearly all pairs tested. The same pattern held true in newly rearranged pairs where individuals often experienced changes in dominance status. Dominance failed to be associated with leadership in all tests. The results suggest that in a relatively egalitarian species, level of activity and exploration may be a stronger predictor of leadership than dominance.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4698
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	Author	Mandal, M. K.; Bulman-Fleming, M. B.; Tiwari, G. (eds)
	Title	Side Bias: A Neuropsychological Perspective			Type	Book Whole
	Year	2000	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	The beginnings of the idea about a book on “side bias” began in the year 1994 during the senior editor“s research association with late Professor M.P. Bryden and colleagues at the University of Waterloo, Canada. Over many discussions with Professor Bryden, it was clear that the concept of ”side bias" encompasses all aspects of motor behaviour within the context of human (and non-human animal) laterality. The tendency to favour one side or limb over the other is important not only from the perspective of understanding the functional asymmetries of the cerebral hemispheres, but also to an understanding of a myriad of aspects of human behaviour, as the contributions to this volume will attest. By side bias, most people would think of bias in terms of hand preference or performance. The phenomenon of side bias, however, is more general and influences motor behaviour of all kinds, ranging from simple hand movement to complex behaviours like facial expression and attention. Therefore, the concept has been operationalized in terms of bias reflected in the motor expression of paired (such as hands, feet, eyes, or ears) or nonpaired organs (such as the face) as a function of preference, performance or attentional/intentional factors. .... More see: http://www.springerlink.com/content/gr1726/front-matter.pdf
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer	Place of Publication	Netherlands	Editor	Mandal, M. K.; Bulman-Fleming, M. B.; Tiwari, G.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-0-7923-6660-7	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4733
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	Author	Jezierski T., Gorecka A.
	Title	Changes in the horses heart rate during different levels of social isolation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2000	Publication	Animal Science Papers and Reports	Abbreviated Journal	Anim. Sci. Pap. Rep.
	Volume	18	Issue	1	Pages	33-41
	Keywords	horse; heart rate; human-animal relation
	Abstract	Social isolation in horses may be regarded as a stress factor which implies welfare problems. The aim of the experiment was to examine the effect of different levels of transient social isolation and human presence on the heart rate (HR) in horses. Seven horses were used and the experiment was conducted in a tether-stable without boxes. The HR was recorded electronically, continuously for 40 min during the following test situations: all horses in the stable; experimenter approaches the tested horse, other horses being untied and leaving the stable; tested horse staying alone or in the company of one or two stable-mates; the experimenter attempts to calm the isolated horse; outdoor auditory stimuli from other horses. The HR was significantly higher during the whole period of isolation, and depended on how many horses were left as company for the one tested. The highest HR was observed while other horses were leaving the stable and during perception of outdoor auditory stimuli from others. When in the company of two stable mates, the HR was elevated only while other horses were leaving the stable and during auditory stimuli from outdoors. Human presence evoked a significant increase in HR, probably due to conditioning of horses (expecting to be untied and allowed to join the others), irrespectively whether the tested horse was left alone or with one or two stable-mates.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4816
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	Author	Houpt, K.; Kusunose, R.
	Title	Genetics of behaviour.			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2000	Publication	The Genetics of the Horse	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	281-306
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	CABI Publishing	Place of Publication	New York	Editor	Bowling, A.T., Ruvinsky, A.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	9780851994291	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4821
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	Author	Houpt, K. A.; Kusonose, R.
	Title	Genetic of behaviour			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2000	Publication	Genetics of the Horse	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	281-306
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Cab Intl	Place of Publication	Wallingford Oxfordshire	Editor	Bowling,A. T. ; Ruvinsky, A.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-0851994291	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5021
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	Author	Oakenfull, E.A.; Lim, H.; Ryder, O.
	Title	A survey of equid mitochondrial DNA: Implications for the evolution, genetic diversity and conservation of Equus			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2000	Publication	Conservation Genetics	Abbreviated Journal	Conservat Genet
	Volume	1	Issue	4	Pages	341-355
	Keywords
	Abstract	The evolution, taxonomy and conservation of the genus Equuswere investigated by examining the mitochondrial DNA sequences of thecontrol region and 12S rRNA gene. The phylogenetic analysis of thesesequences provides further evidence that the deepest node in thephylogeny of the extant species is a divergence between twolineages; one leading to the ancestor of modern horses (E.ferus, domestic and przewalskii) and the other to thezebra and ass ancestor, with the later speciation events of the zebrasand asses occurring either as one or more rapid radiations, or withextensive secondary contact after speciation. Examination of the geneticdiversity within species suggested that two of the E. hemionussubspecies (E. h. onager and E. h. kulan) onlyrecently diverged, and perhaps, are insufficiently different to beclassified as separate subspecies. The genetic divergence betweendomestic and wild forms of E. ferus (horse) and E.africanus (African ass) was no greater than expected within anequid species. In E. burchelli (plains zebra) there was anindication of mtDNA divergence between populations increasing withdistance. The implications of these results for equid conservation arediscussed and recommendations are made for conservation action.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5039
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	Author	Pauw, J.
	Title	Therapeutic Horseback Riding Studies: Problems Experienced by Researchers			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2000	Publication	Physiotherapy	Abbreviated Journal	Physiotherapy
	Volume	86	Issue	10	Pages	523-527
	Keywords	Therapeutic horseback riding; t-tests; logistic regression; statistically significant; clinically meaningful
	Abstract	Summary Since the therapeutic use of horse riding has been realised, several research studies investigating the physical and psychosocial effect of therapeutic riding have been conducted. A summary is given of therapeutic riding research studies where formal statistical tests were used to analyse the data as well as a summary of studies where different techniques were used to process the data. These summaries give an overview of the variables measured in previously conducted therapeutic riding studies. The general problems experienced by therapeutic riding researchers are given after the summaries. Possible explanations are discussed for some of these problems. In conclusion a few suggestions are given for future research, not only for therapeutic riding studies, but for any study where the effect of a therapeutic intervention is investigated.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0031-9406	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5066
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	Author	Byrne, R.W.
	Title	How monkeys find their way: leadership, coordination, and cognitive maps of African baboons.			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2000	Publication	On the Move: How and Why Animals Travel in Groups	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	491–518
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Chicago University Press	Place of Publication	Chicago	Editor	Boinski, S.; Garber, P.A.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5146
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	Author	Holekamp, K.E, Boydston, E.E; Smale, L.
	Title	Group Travel in Social Carnivores			Type	Book Whole
	Year	2000	Publication	On the Move: How and Why Animals Travel in Groups	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	587-627
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Chicago University Press	Place of Publication	Chicago	Editor	Boinski, S.; Garber, P.A.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5147
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	Author	Engh, A.L.; Esch, K.; Smale, L.; Holekamp, K.E.
	Title	Mechanisms of maternal rank 'inheritance' in the spotted hyaena, Crocuta crocuta			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2000	Publication	Animal Behaviour.	Abbreviated Journal	Anim. Behav.
	Volume	60	Issue	3	Pages	323-332
	Keywords
	Abstract	Maternal rank [`]inheritance', the process by which juveniles attain positions in the dominance hierarchy adjacent to those of their mothers, occurs in both cercopithecine primates and spotted hyaenas. Maternal rank is acquired in primates through defensive maternal interventions, coalitionary support and unprovoked aggression ([`]harassment') directed by adult females towards offspring of lower-ranking individuals. Genetic heritability of rank-related traits plays a negligible role in primate rank acquisition. Because the social lives of Crocuta and cercopithecine primates share many common features, we examined whether the same mechanisms might operate in both taxa to promote maternal rank [`]inheritance'. We observed a large clan of free-living spotted hyaenas in Kenya to test predictions of four mechanistic hypotheses. Hyaena rank acquisition did not appear to be directly affected by genetic heritability. Unprovoked aggression from adult female hyaenas was not directed preferentially towards low-ranking cubs. However, high-ranking mothers intervened on behalf of their cubs more frequently and more effectively than low-ranking mothers. Maternal interventions and supportive coalitions appeared to reinforce aggression directed at [`]appropriate' conspecific targets, whereas coalitionary aggression directed at cubs apparently functioned to extinguish their aggressive behaviour towards [`]inappropriate' targets. Young hyaenas and primates thus appear to [`]inherit' their mothers' ranks by strikingly similar mechanisms.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-3472	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5242
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