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Author Clark, M.L.; Ayers, M. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Friendship similarity during early adolescence: gender and racial patterns Type Journal Article
  Year 1992 Publication The Journal of Psychology Abbreviated Journal J Psychol  
  Volume 126 Issue 4 Pages 393-405  
  Keywords Achievement; Adolescent; African Americans/*psychology; *Cross-Cultural Comparison; Female; *Gender Identity; Humans; Individuality; *Interpersonal Relations; Male; *Personality Development; Personality Inventory; Sociometric Techniques  
  Abstract We studied the relationship of reciprocity, gender, and racial composition (Caucasian, African American, cross-race) of adolescent friendship dyads to similarity and proximity in 136 young adolescents. We found that adolescents selected friends who were of the same gender and race and that female dyads were more similar than male dyads on verbal achievement and several personality dimensions. Caucasian dyads were more similar than African American dyads on verbal achievement, mental alertness, and dominance. African American adolescents had more contact with their best friends outside school, whereas Caucasian adolescent friends had more in-school contact. African American students had fewer reciprocal relationships than the Caucasian students. Cross-race friendships were less reciprocal than same-race friendships. Race and gender were important in determining friendship patterns. Similarity and proximity were more important than reciprocity in understanding early adolescent friendships.  
  Address Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0022-3980 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (down) PMID:1403972 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5628  
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Author Grafner, G.; Zimmermann, H.; Karge, E.; Munch, J.; Ribbeck, R.; Hiepe, T. openurl 
  Title [Incidence and damages inflicted by simuliid flies in the GDR district of Schwerin] Type Journal Article
  Year 1976 Publication Angewandte Parasitologie Abbreviated Journal Angew Parasitol  
  Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 2-6  
  Keywords Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases/*parasitology; Climate; *Diptera/growth & development; Ecology; Ectoparasitic Infestations/*veterinary; Germany, East; Horse Diseases/*parasitology; Horses; Swine; Swine Diseases/*parasitology  
  Abstract Systematic faunal studies in the district Schwerin showed at the present time there are 3 more or less damage-biotopes existing in the districts of Perleberg, Ludwigslust and Parchim; 5 river sources can be considered as potential sources, 5 are temporary and 2 are ephemeral whilst in 3 further areas environmental influences such as effluent impairs the flow of the river and the developmental stages of Simuliidae were not observed.--The following species were found: Boophthora erythrocephala, Wilhelmia salopiensis, Wilhelmia equina, Odagmia ornata, Eusimulium aureum and Eusimulium lundstroemi.--The damage statistics covering the period 1966--1971 showed in the district of Schwerin, due to Simuliid attacks, 38 cattle died, 170 were seriously ill; in 1967 5 horses were seriously ill; in 1971, 3 pigs died and 27 were seriously ill.--The symptoms were manifested by pathological petechiae, scabs and oedema, also by insufficiency of the heart and circulatory system, diminished performance and growth disturbance. In severe cases heart and circulation failure occurred, paresis, coma and death followed.--The real economic significance of the Simuliid attacks rest with its strong and prolonged distrubance in young animals, as well as in pronounced irreparable diminished performance in diseased dairy cattle.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language German Summary Language Original Title Vorkommen und Schadwirkung von Kriebelmucken im DDR-Bezirk Schwerin  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-3162 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (down) PMID:1267220 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2699  
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Author Herholz, C.P.; Gerber, V.; Tschudi, P.; Straub, R.; Imhof, A.; Busato, A. openurl 
  Title Use of volumetric capnography to identify pulmonary dysfunction in horses with and without clinically apparent recurrent airway obstruction Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication American Journal of Veterinary Research Abbreviated Journal Am J Vet Res  
  Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 338-345  
  Keywords Aging; Airway Obstruction/*complications/diagnosis/*veterinary; Animals; Capnography/*methods/*veterinary; Female; Horse Diseases/*diagnosis; Horses; Lung Diseases/complications/*diagnosis/*veterinary; Male; Predictive Value of Tests  
  Abstract OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether volumetric capnography indices could be used to differentiate between horses without recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) and horses with RAO that were in clinical remission or that had clinically apparent RAO. ANIMALS: 70 adult Swiss Warmblood horses (20 used for pleasure riding and 50 used for dressage or show jumping). PROCEDURE: Horses were allocated to 4 groups on the basis of history, clinical signs, results of endoscopy, and cytologic findings (group 1, 21 healthy horses; group 2, 22 horses with RAO that were in remission; group 3, 16 horses with mild RAO; group 4, 11 horses with exacerbated RAO). Expiratory volume and CO2 curves were recorded by use of a computerized ultrasonic spirometer. Volumetric capnograms were plotted, and derived indices were calculated. RESULTS: Dead-space volume (VD) was calculated by use of the Bohr equation (VD(Bohr)) and for physiologic VD (VD(phys)). Ratios for VD(Bohr) to expiratory tidal volume (VT) and VD(phys) to V(T) as well as an index of effective CO2 elimination were significantly different among groups of horses. Age and use of the horses also significantly affected volumetric capnography indices. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Ratios of VD(Bohr) to VT and VD(phys) to VT as well as an index of effective CO2 elimination were sufficiently sensitive measures to distinguish between healthy horses and horses with RAO in remission. To optimize the ability of volumetric capnography indices to differentiate among horses in heterogeneous populations, it is important to account for effects of age and specific use of the horses.  
  Address Department of Equine Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Berne, Langgasstr 124, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0002-9645 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (down) PMID:12661875 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3724  
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Author Preston, S.D.; de Waal, F.B.M. doi  openurl
  Title Empathy: Its ultimate and proximate bases Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication Behavioral and Brain Sciences Abbreviated Journal Behav Brain Sci  
  Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 1-20; discussion 20-71  
  Keywords Adult; Animals; Child; Emotions/physiology; *Empathy; Evolution; Haplorhini; Helping Behavior; Humans; Mental Disorders/physiopathology/psychology; Morals; Personality Development; Phylogeny; Prefrontal Cortex/physiopathology; Socialization  
  Abstract There is disagreement in the literature about the exact nature of the phenomenon of empathy. There are emotional, cognitive, and conditioning views, applying in varying degrees across species. An adequate description of the ultimate and proximate mechanism can integrate these views. Proximately, the perception of an object's state activates the subject's corresponding representations, which in turn activate somatic and autonomic responses. This mechanism supports basic behaviors (e.g., alarm, social facilitation, vicariousness of emotions, mother-infant responsiveness, and the modeling of competitors and predators) that are crucial for the reproductive success of animals living in groups. The Perception-Action Model (PAM), together with an understanding of how representations change with experience, can explain the major empirical effects in the literature (similarity, familiarity, past experience, explicit teaching, and salience). It can also predict a variety of empathy disorders. The interaction between the PAM and prefrontal functioning can also explain different levels of empathy across species and age groups. This view can advance our evolutionary understanding of empathy beyond inclusive fitness and reciprocal altruism and can explain different levels of empathy across individuals, species, stages of development, and situations.  
  Address University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, 2RCP-Neurology Clinic, Iowa City, IA 52242. stephanie-d-preston@uiowa.edu  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0140-525X ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (down) PMID:12625087 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 181  
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Author Adolphs, R. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Cognitive neuroscience of human social behaviour Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Nature Reviews. Neuroscience Abbreviated Journal Nat Rev Neurosci  
  Volume 4 Issue 3 Pages 165-178  
  Keywords Cognition; Emotions; Humans; Models, Psychological; *Social Behavior  
  Abstract We are an intensely social species--it has been argued that our social nature defines what makes us human, what makes us conscious or what gave us our large brains. As a new field, the social brain sciences are probing the neural underpinnings of social behaviour and have produced a banquet of data that are both tantalizing and deeply puzzling. We are finding new links between emotion and reason, between action and perception, and between representations of other people and ourselves. No less important are the links that are also being established across disciplines to understand social behaviour, as neuroscientists, social psychologists, anthropologists, ethologists and philosophers forge new collaborations.  
  Address Deparment of Neurology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA. ralph-adolphs@uiowa.edu  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1471-003X ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (down) PMID:12612630 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4706  
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Author Gulotta, M.; Rogatsky, E.; Callender, R.H.; Dyer, R.B. openurl 
  Title Primary folding dynamics of sperm whale apomyoglobin: core formation Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Biophysical Journal Abbreviated Journal Biophys J  
  Volume 84 Issue 3 Pages 1909-1918  
  Keywords Animals; Apoproteins/*chemistry; Crystallography/*methods; Horses; Myocardium/chemistry; Myoglobin/*chemistry; Protein Conformation; *Protein Folding; Species Specificity; Structure-Activity Relationship; Temperature; Whales  
  Abstract The structure, thermodynamics, and kinetics of heat-induced unfolding of sperm whale apomyoglobin core formation have been studied. The most rudimentary core is formed at pH(*) 3.0 and up to 60 mM NaCl. Steady state for ultraviolet circular dichroism and fluorescence melting studies indicate that the core in this acid-destabilized state consists of a heterogeneous composition of structures of approximately 26 residues, two-thirds of the number involved for horse heart apomyoglobin under these conditions. Fluorescence temperature-jump relaxation studies show that there is only one process involved in Trp burial. This occurs in 20 micro s for a 7 degrees jump to 52 degrees C, which is close to the limits placed by diffusion on folding reactions. However, infrared temperature jump studies monitoring native helix burial are biexponential with times of 5 micro s and 56 micro s for a similar temperature jump. Both fluorescence and infrared fast phases are energetically favorable but the slow infrared absorbance phase is highly temperature-dependent, indicating a substantial enthalpic barrier for this process. The kinetics are best understood by a multiple-pathway kinetics model. The rapid phases likely represent direct burial of one or both of the Trp residues and parts of the G- and H-helices. We attribute the slow phase to burial and subsequent rearrangement of a misformed core or to a collapse having a high energy barrier wherein both Trps are solvent-exposed.  
  Address Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA. gulotta@aecom.yu.edu  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0006-3495 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (down) PMID:12609893 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3783  
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Author Ziegler, W.H. openurl 
  Title [Endocrinological studies in arterial hypertension. Search for phaeochromocytoma] Type Journal Article
  Year 1976 Publication Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift Abbreviated Journal Schweiz Med Wochenschr  
  Volume 106 Issue 34 Pages 1148-1150  
  Keywords Angiography; Blood Volume; Catecholamines/urine; Glucagon/diagnostic use; Histamine/diagnostic use; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypertension/*etiology; Methods; Pheochromocytoma/*complications/diagnosis; Tyramine/diagnostic use  
  Abstract Elevated urinary catecholamines and their metabolites are the only findings which confirm the presence of pheochromocytoma. This examination is of particular interest if carried out in urine produced after spontaneous hypertensive episodes. Pharmacologic tests when carried out under standard conditions have proven to be a reliable aid in cases of suspected pheochromocytoma. Roentgenographic studies, determination of local plasma catecholamine concentrations and blood volume control should be undertaken in these patients before surgical procedure.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language German Summary Language Original Title Endokrinologische Untersuchungen bei arterieller Hypertonie. Suche nach Phaochromozytom  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0036-7672 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (down) PMID:12561 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4047  
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Author Reichmuth Kastak, C.; Schusterman, R.J. doi  openurl
  Title Long-term memory for concepts in a California sea lion ( Zalophus californianus) Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication Animal Cognition Abbreviated Journal Anim. Cogn.  
  Volume 5 Issue 4 Pages 225-232  
  Keywords Animals; Concept Formation; Female; Memory/*physiology; Mental Processes; Sea Lions/physiology/*psychology; Time Factors  
  Abstract An adult California sea lion ( Zalophus californianus) with extensive experience in performing discrimination learning tasks was tested to evaluate her long-term memory for two previously learned concepts. An associative concept, that of equivalence classification, was retested after a retention interval of approximately 1 year. The sea lion had originally shown emergent equivalence classification with nonsimilarity-based classes of stimuli in a simple discrimination repeated-reversal procedure as well as in a matching-to-sample procedure. The 1-year memory test revealed no decrement in classification performance in either procedure. A relational concept, that of generalized identity matching, was retested after approximately 10 years. The sea lion had originally received trial-and-error exemplar training with identity matching-to-sample problems prior to transferring the concept to novel stimulus configurations. In the 10-year memory test, the sea lion immediately and reliably applied the previously established identity concept to familiar and novel sets of matching problems. These are the first reports of long-term conceptual memory in a nonprimate species. The experimental findings are consistent with a variety of observations of sea lions in natural settings, which indicate that natal sites, feeding areas, and individuals may be remembered over long periods of time.  
  Address Long Marine Laboratory, University of California at Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA. coll@cats.ucsc.edu  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1435-9448 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (down) PMID:12461600 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2590  
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Author Meershoek, L.S.; Schamhardt, H.C.; Roepstorff, L.; Johnston, C. openurl 
  Title Forelimb tendon loading during jump landings and the influence of fence height Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication Equine Veterinary Journal. Supplement Abbreviated Journal Equine Vet J Suppl  
  Volume Issue 33 Pages 6-10  
  Keywords Animals; Biomechanics; Forelimb/injuries/physiology; Horses/injuries/*physiology; Lameness, Animal/etiology; Ligaments, Articular/*physiology; Locomotion/*physiology; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Tendon Injuries/complications/physiopathology/veterinary; Tendons/*physiology; Weight-Bearing/physiology  
  Abstract Lameness in athletic horses is often caused by forelimb tendon injuries, especially in the interosseus tendon (TI) and superficial digital flexor tendon (SDF), but also in the accessory ligament (AL) of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDF). In an attempt to explain the aetiology of these injuries, the present study investigated the loading of the tendons during landing after a jump. In jumping horses, the highest forces can be expected in the trailing limb during landing. Therefore, landing kinematics and ground reaction forces of the trailing forelimb were measured from 6 horses jumping single fences with low to medium heights of 0.80, 1.00 and 1.20 m. The tendon forces were calculated using inverse dynamics and an in vitro model of the lower forelimb. Calculated peak forces in the TI, SDF and DDF + AL during landing were 15.8, 13.9 and 11.7 kN respectively. The relative loading of the tendons (landing forces compared with failure forces determined in a separate study) increased from DDF to TI to SDF and was very high in SDF. This explains the low injury incidence of the DDF and the high injury incidence of the SDF. Fence height substantially influenced SDF forces, whereas it hardly influenced TI forces and did not influence AL strain. Reduction of fence height might therefore limit the risks for SDF injuries, but not for TI and AL injuries.  
  Address Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, Institute for Fundamental and Clinical Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes (down) PMID:11721571 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3786  
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Author Mouritsen, K.N. openurl 
  Title Hitch-hiking parasite: a dark horse may be the real rider Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication International Journal for Parasitology Abbreviated Journal Int J Parasitol  
  Volume 31 Issue 13 Pages 1417-1420  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Ecology; Host-Parasite Relations; Snails/*parasitology; Trematoda/growth & development/*physiology; Trematode Infections/transmission  
  Abstract Many parasites engaged in complex life cycles manipulate their hosts in a way that facilitates transmission between hosts. Recently, a new category of parasites (hitch-hikers) has been identified that seem to exploit the manipulating effort of other parasites with similar life cycle by preferentially infecting hosts already manipulated. Thomas et al. (Evolution 51 (1997) 1316) showed that the digenean trematodes Microphallus papillorobustus (the manipulator) and Maritrema subdolum (the hitch-hiker) were positively associated in field samples of gammarid amphipods (the intermediate host), and that the behaviour of Maritrema subdolum rendered it more likely to infect manipulated amphipods than those uninfected by M. papillorobustus. Here I provide experimental evidence demonstrating that M. subdolum is unlikely to be a hitch-hiker in the mentioned system, whereas the lucky candidate rather is the closely related but little known species, Microphallidae sp. no. 15 (Parassitologia 22 (1980) 1). As opposed to the latter species, Maritrema subdolum does not express the appropriate cercarial behaviour for hitch-hiking.  
  Address Department of Marine Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Aarhus, Finlandsgade 14, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. kim.mouritsen@stonebow.otago.ac.nz  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0020-7519 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (down) PMID:11595227 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2645  
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