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Author |
Vrba, Elisabeth S. |
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Title |
Environment and evolution: alternative causes of the temporal distribution of evolutionary events |
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Year |
1985 |
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South African Journal of Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
S Afr J Anim Sci |
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81 |
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229-236 |
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evolution, paleontology, turnover pulse |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5463 |
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Author |
Sasväri, L. |
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Title |
Different Observational Learning Capacity in Juvenile and Adult Individuals of Congeneric Bird Species |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie |
Abbreviated Journal |
Z. Tierpsychol. |
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Volume |
69 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
293-304 |
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Abstract |
Abstract and Summary: Since the adaptive significance of social organization is emphasized diversely in both anti-predator behaviour and food searching of birds, measures and comparisons of observational learning capacity of various species are needed. Four different experimental situations were built up for juvenile and adult individuals of tits (Parus major, P. caeruleus, P. palustris) and thrushes (Turdus merula, T. philo-melos). The birds learn more easily from conspecifics and learn easily when they already know a previous problem solving situation. The capacity of observational learning of the adult great tits surpasses that of adult blue tits and marsh tits, and that of the adult blackbirds exceeds that of the adult songthrushes. The higher performance of the great tit and blackbird can be related to their greater hemispheric index. The differences in the learning capacity of the naive individuals of the three tit species and that of the two thrush species were not significant. It is suggested, that the higher observational learning of the great tit and blackbird is evolved through maturational processes and can be reflected by their greater adaptability. Zusammenfassung: Lernen durch Nachahmung wurde in vier verschiedenen Situationen mit jungen und alten Individuen von Meisen- (Parus major, P. caeruleus, P. palustris) und Drosselarten (Turdus merula, T. philomelos) untersucht. Die Vögel lernten besser von Artgenossen und lernten leicht, wenn sie vorher bereits eine Problemlösungssituation kannten. Die Lernfähigkeit (durch Nachahmung) alter Kohlmeisen übertraf die alter Blau- und Sumpfmeisen; die Lernfähigkeit alter Amseln übertraf die alter Singdrosseln. Die höhere Leistung der Kohlmeisen und Amseln hängt mit ihrem höheren Hemisphären-Index zusammen. Naive Individuen der Meisen- und Drosselarten zeigten keine signifikanten Unterschiede in ihrer Lernfähigkeit. Es ist anzunehmen, daß die höhere Lernfähigkeit der Kohlmeise und der Amsel im Laufe der Entwicklung durch Reifungsprozesse zustande kommt und sich in ihrer höheren Anpassungsfähig-keit widerspiegelt. |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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ISSN |
1439-0310 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6169 |
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Author |
Crowell-Davis, S.L. |
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Title |
Nursing behaviour and maternal aggression among Welsh ponies (Equus caballus) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl Anim Behav Sci |
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14 |
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1 |
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11-25 |
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Nursing behaviour and related aggression of mare-foal pairs was studied from birth (n = 21) to 24 weeks of age (n = 15) of the foal. Foals exhibited a decreasing length and frequency of nursing as they grew older. Mares rarely aggressed against their foals during nursing in the foal's first 4 weeks of life, but did so increasingly through Weeks 13-16, after which the rate of aggression during nursing decreased. Mares terminated nursing primarily by moving away, and were most likely to do so during the foal's first 4 weeks of life. They became gradually less likely to do so as the foal grew older. It was concluded that mares sometimes flex their hind limb on the side opposite the foal during nursing in order to conserve energy in a situation in which they would be remaining still anyway. There was no difference between colts and fillies in the frequency or duration of nursing or in the frequency with which their mothers aggressed against them or terminated nursing. |
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ISSN |
0168-1591 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6504 |
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Author |
Inglis, I. |
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Title |
H.L. Roitblat, T.G. Bever and H.S. Terrace, Editors, Animal Cognition, Lawrence Erlbaum, New Jersey (1984), p. 682 |
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Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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33 |
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1 |
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344-345 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2924 |
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Author |
Baron-Cohen S; Leslie AM; Frith U |
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Title |
Does the autistic child have a “theory of mind”? |
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1985 |
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Cognition |
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21 |
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37 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2979 |
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Author |
Galdikas BMF |
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Title |
Orangutan sociality at Tanjung Puting |
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Year |
1985 |
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Am. J. Primatol. |
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9 |
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101 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2995 |
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Author |
Perner J; Wimmer H |
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Title |
“John thinks that Mary thinks that”: attribution of second-order beliefs by 5- to 10-year-old children |
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Year |
1985 |
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J. Exp. Child Psychol. |
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39 |
Issue |
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437 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3024 |
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Author |
Kamil, A.C.; Roitblat, H.L. |
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Title |
The Ecology of Foraging Behavior: Implications for Animal Learning and Memory |
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1985 |
Publication |
Annual Review of Psychology |
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36 |
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1 |
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141-169 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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3543 |
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Author |
Smuts, B.B. |
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Title |
Sex and Friendship in Baboons |
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Miscellaneous |
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1985 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4871 |
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Author |
Trivers, R.L. |
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Title |
Social Evolution |
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1985 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4906 |
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