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Author |
Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. |
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Title |
Cognitive strategies and the representation of social relations by monkeys |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nebr Symp Motiv |
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Volume |
47 |
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Pages |
145-177 |
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Keywords |
Adaptation, Biological; Animals; *Evolution; Family; Female; Haplorhini; Male; Memory; Primates; *Selection (Genetics); *Social Behavior; Social Dominance; *Social Perception |
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University of Pennsylvania, USA |
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English |
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0146-7875 |
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PMID:11759347 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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345 |
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Author |
de Waal, F.B. |
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Title |
Primates--A natural heritage of conflict resolution |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
289 |
Issue |
5479 |
Pages |
586-590 |
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Keywords |
Aggression/*psychology; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Conflict (Psychology); Female; Humans; Male; *Primates; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance |
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Abstract |
The traditional notion of aggression as an antisocial instinct is being replaced by a framework that considers it a tool of competition and negotiation. When survival depends on mutual assistance, the expression of aggression is constrained by the need to maintain beneficial relationships. Moreover, evolution has produced ways of countering its disruptive consequences. For example, chimpanzees kiss and embrace after fights, and other nonhuman primates engage in similar “reconciliations.” Theoretical developments in this field carry implications for human aggression research. From families to high schools, aggressive conflict is subject to the same constraints known of cooperative animal societies. It is only when social relationships are valued that one can expect the full complement of natural checks and balances. |
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Living Links, Center for the Advanced Study of Human and Ape Evolution, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, and Psychology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. dewaal@emory.edu |
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0036-8075 |
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PMID:10915614 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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187 |
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Author |
Pereira, M.E.; Schill, J.L.; Charles, E.P. |
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Title |
Reconciliation in captive Guyanese squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
American journal of primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Primatol. |
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Volume |
50 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
159-167 |
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Keywords |
Aggression; Agonistic Behavior; Animals; Conflict (Psychology); Female; Guyana; Male; Saimiri/*psychology; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance |
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The tendency for agonistic interaction to increase the probability of friendly interaction between social partners has been demonstrated across a range of Old World primates. While research on such post-conflict behavior proceeds into an hypothesis-testing phase, new comparative information must accumulate to provide full phylogenetic perspective on primate social behavior. Data from New World and prosimian primates are yet extremely limited. We studied captive squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) via post-conflict (PC) and matched control (MC) observations and analyzed results using both the PC-MC and time-rule methods. Former opponents maintaining affiliative relationships soon engaged in friendly interaction following large proportions of agonistic interactions, whereas non-affiliated individuals, including virtually all male-female pairs, reconciled conflicts rarely. Close-proximity approaching and huddling contact constituted the principal modes of post-conflict amicability. Agonistic interactions of relatively high intensity were most likely to be reconciled and most likely to be reconciled via physical contact. High vulnerability of Saimiri to predation may have favored this species' strong inclination to reconcile soon after agonistic interaction. Research on free-living populations of this and other primate species is needed to illuminate similarities and differences across taxa. |
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Department of Biology and Program in Animal Behavior, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, USA. mpereira@bucknell.edu |
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0275-2565 |
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PMID:10676712 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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2878 |
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Author |
Feist, J.D.; McCullough, D.R. |
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Title |
Reproduction in feral horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1975 |
Publication |
Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Reprod Fertil Suppl |
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23 |
Pages |
13-18 |
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Keywords |
Age Factors; Animals; Female; Horses/*physiology; Leadership; Male; Maternal Behavior; Population; Reproduction; *Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Dominance; Sucking Behavior |
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A behavioural study of feral horses was conducted on the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range in the western United States. All 270 horses on the Range were identified individually. The sex ratio was nearly balanced. Foal to adult female ratio was 43-2:100. Morality was concentrated among foals and old horses. Horses were organized as forty-four harem groups each with a dominant stallion, one to two immature stallions, one to three immature mares, one to three adult mares and their yearling and foal offspring, and 23 bachelor groups of one to eight stallions. Harem groups were quite stable year-round because of dominance and leadership by the stallions and group fidelity by mares and their offsring. Most changes occurred during the breeding season and involved immature females. Defeat of dominant stallions was infrequent. Immature males were tolerated because of their submissive behaviour. Bachelor stallion groups were inherently unstable. Mares came into heat after foaling in May/June, and were mated by harem stallions only. |
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0449-3087 |
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Notes |
PMID:1060766 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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1964 |
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Author |
Val-Laillet, D.; Passille, A.M. de; Rushen, J.; von Keyserlingk, M.A.G. |
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Title |
The concept of social dominance and the social distribution of feeding-related displacements between cows |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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Volume |
111 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
158-172 |
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Keywords |
Cattle; Social dominance; Competitive success; Hierarchy; Feeding competition |
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The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which the classical properties of social dominance describe the pattern of feeder-related displacements with groups of cattle. We also compared the advantages and disadvantages of three dominance indices for describing the competitive success at the feeder. We observed displacements at the feeder within six groups of 12 lactating dairy cows over 72 h per group. We demonstrated that the cattle in our experiment established a quasi-linear hierarchy at the feeder where many dominance relationships were bi-directional (52.0 +/- 5.9%); namely, dominance relationships were significantly linear (P < 0.05 in five of the six groups) but contained many circular triads (45.0 +/- 5.6%). Dominance rank influenced the milk production (r = 0.36, P = 0.002) and the time budget of the animals: high-ranking cows were found spending more time at the feeder during the 120 min following provision of fresh food than low-ranking cows (P = 0.022), but dominance indices based on the occurrence of displacements at the feeder did not correlate with actual time spent at the feeder. The presence of numerous circular triads and bi-directional relationships suggests that the classical properties of social dominance do not correspond to the pattern of displacements that occur at feeders within small groups of cattle. Instead, the competitive success may also be affected by motivation or persistence by the animal to gain access to the food resource. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4213 |
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Author |
Barette, C.; Vandal, D. |
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Title |
Social rank, dominance, antler size, and access to food in snow-bound wild woodland caribou |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
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97 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
118-146 |
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Keywords |
Canada; Quebec; Artiodactyla; Social dominance; Feeding behavior; Morphology; Antler; Rangifer tarandus; North America; America; Ungulata; Mammalia; Vertebrata |
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Abstract |
We spent two winters studying the social behaviour of wild woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) at a time when their main food (ground lichens; Cladina sp.) is available only at snow craters dug by the animals. The competition for access to such craters was severe, the animals constantly trying to take over the craters of others. During a two-month period when a group maintained a constant size (20) and composition (all age-sex classes represented), we could rank the animals in a rather linear dominance hierarchy (Landau's index = 0.87). Rank was correlated with access to resources, percent of time spent active, and percent of time feeding in craters. It was also correlated with age and antler size. However, rank is not an attribute of individuals, but of a relationship between individuals. As such it is only an intervening variable between physical attributes and access to resources, a variable whose value has meaning only within a given group. Among the three attributes studied (age, sex, antler size), the latter was by far the best predictor of the occurrence and outcome of interactions. Between two individuals within any of the three age-sex classes studied (adult and yearling males and adult females), the one with larger antlers initiated significantly more often, escalated its aggression (to the point of hitting the target) less often, and enjoyed a higher success rate in obtaining resources. When their antlers were larger than those of an adult male target (i.e. males that had shed their antlers), adult females won almost all their interactions with adult males even though they escalated only one fourth of them. This clarifies the long-standing speculation that female caribou have antlers and shed them later than males, in order to overcome their sexual handicap in competition for food in the winter. We conclude that the link between rank and dominance of an individual on one hand, and some of its attributes on the other (e.g. sex, age, weight, antler size) is fundamentally realized by the animal itself through its active preference for targets it is likely to beat, i.e. targets with smaller antlers. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4269 |
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Author |
Anderson, W.D.; Summers, C.H. |
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Title |
Neuroendocrine Mechanisms, Stress Coping Strategies, and Social Dominance: Comparative Lessons about Leadership Potential |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
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The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann Am Acad Polit Soc Sci |
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614 |
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1 |
Pages |
102-130 |
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Keywords |
social dominance – authoritarian – Five Factor Model – neurochemistry – neurotransmitters – leadership |
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The authors examine dominance and subordination in the social psychology, political science, and biology literatures. Using Summers and Winberg (2006) as a guide, the authors suggest that extreme dominance or subordination phenotypes--including social dominance orientation and right-wing authoritarianism--are determined by an organism's genetic predispositions, motivations, stress responses, and long-term hormone release and uptake states. The authors offer hypotheses about the likely neurochemical profiles for each of these extreme dominance and subordination phenotypes and suggest two designs that begin to test these hypotheses. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4699 |
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