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Author |
Arnold Gw, G.A. |
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Title |
Ethogram of agonistic behaviour for thoroughbred horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Animal. Ethol. |
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8 |
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1 |
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5-25 |
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Abstract |
Social interactions between individual horses were observed in two herds each comprising a stallion and a number of mares. In one herd, the animals were observed whilst grazing and resting; in the other, nearest neighbours were recorded when the animals were grazing, and social interactions were noted when the animals were feeding on hay.
In both herds, the horses showed marked preferences for the company of specific individuals when they were grazing. In one herd, the associations were mainly between individuals that had been associated prior to being put in the herd. In the other herd, this was not the case. A new statistic was produced for testing for specific company preference. In both herds, the stallion was dominant over all mares and never received any aggression.
The complete social hierarchy could not be determined for the herd which was observed only when grazing because social contact was restricted to that within groups or pairs that associated together. In the herd to which hay was fed, a non-linear hierarchy existed. Statistics were produced to quantify both the general level of dominance of a horse and its specific dominance or subordination to every other horse. It is suggested that these statistics, and one for quantifying the general aggressiveness of a horse, could be widely used.
A principal component analysis allowed the horses to be characterised socially according to aggressiveness, their attitude to other horses and their attractiveness to other horses. |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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899 |
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Author |
Berliner Vr, |
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The estrous cycle of the mare. In: Cole,H.H., Cupps,P.T. |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1959 |
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Reproductions in domestic animals |
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1 |
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267-289 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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942 |
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Author |
Bruemmer F, |
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Title |
The horses of Sable Island |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1967 |
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Animals |
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10 |
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14-17 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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975 |
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Campitelli, S.; Carenzi, C.; Verga, M. |
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Title |
Factors which influence parturition in the mare and development of the foal |
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Journal Article |
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1982 |
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Applied Animal Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Animal. Ethol. |
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9 |
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1 |
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7-14 |
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Observations are reported of 127 foals born to 127 mares. In particular, comparisons are made between the mare's tendency to foal at night, the length of gestation, the weight of the foal and the weight of the foetal membrane, the time taken by the foal to attain a standing position and the time taken by the mare to expel the foetal membrane and the age of the mare and the season.
The new facts that emerge from the results are: (a) foals from middle-aged (6–11 years) mares are heavier; (b) variations of gestation length are related to the month of conception (just a trend, not a statistically significant result); (c) time for the foal to stand is related to the foal sex (females: 56.3 minutes; males 70.6 minutes, on average), and to the time taken by the mare to expel the foetal membrane; (d) parturitions take place mainly (80%) during the hours of darkness. In spring, the percentage of night births (85%) is higher than in winter (78%). |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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984 |
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Author |
Epstein H, |
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Title |
Descent and origin of the ass |
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Book Chapter |
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1971 |
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In Epstein: The origin of the domestic animals of Africa. II. |
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394-398 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1069 |
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Author |
Epstein H, |
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Title |
Wild Ass |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1971 |
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In Epstein: The origin of the domestic animals of Africa. II |
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378-381 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1070 |
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Author |
Klingel H, |
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Title |
Communication in Perissodactyla |
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Year |
1977 |
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in Sebeok TA (ed): How Animals Communicate |
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715-727, |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1305 |
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Author |
OTT EA et al, |
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Title |
Acceptability of dried citrus pulp by horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1979 |
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J Animal Sci |
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49 |
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983-987 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1442 |
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Author |
Rossdale Pd, |
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Title |
Perinatal behaviour int the thoroughbred horse |
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1968 |
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In: Fox,M.W. (ed.): Abnormal behavior in Animals. |
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Chapt. 15 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1517 |
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Author |
Tembrock G, |
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Title |
Land mammals |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1968 |
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In: Sebeok,T.A.; Animal Communication. London. |
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338-404 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1643 |
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