| Records |
| Author |
Endy, T.P.; Nisalak, A. |
| Title |
Japanese encephalitis virus: ecology and epidemiology |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol |
| Volume |
267 |
Issue |
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Pages |
11-48 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Birds/virology; Climate; Culicidae/virology; Disease Outbreaks/history; Ecosystem; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese/*pathogenicity; Encephalitis, Japanese/*epidemiology/*etiology/history/transmission; History, 20th Century; Horses/virology; Humans; Insect Vectors; Japan/epidemiology; Risk Factors; Swine/virology; Thailand/epidemiology; Viral Vaccines/pharmacology |
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| Address |
Department of Virology, United States Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (USAMC-AFRIMS), 315/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0070-217X |
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Notes  |
PMID:12082986 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2643 |
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| Author |
Grandin, T. |
| Title |
Safe handling of large animals |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Occupational Medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Occup Med |
| Volume |
14 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
195-212 |
| Keywords |
Accidents, Occupational/*prevention & control/statistics & numerical data; Aggression/physiology/psychology; Animal Husbandry/*methods; Animals; *Behavior, Animal/physiology; Cattle; Conditioning, Operant/physiology; Crowding/psychology; Fear/physiology/psychology; Female; *Horses/physiology/psychology; Humans; Male; Movement/physiology; *Occupational Health; Risk Factors; *Ruminants/physiology/psychology |
| Abstract |
The major causes of accidents with cattle, horses, and other grazing animals are: panic due to fear, male dominance aggression, or the maternal aggression of a mother protecting her newborn. Danger is inherent when handling large animals. Understanding their behavior patterns improves safety, but working with animals will never be completely safe. Calm, quiet handling and non-slip flooring are beneficial. Rough handling and excessive use of electric prods increase chances of injury to both people and animals, because fearful animals may jump, kick, or rear. Training animals to voluntarily cooperate with veterinary procedures reduces stress and improves safety. Grazing animals have a herd instinct, and a lone, isolated animal can become agitated. Providing a companion animal helps keep an animal calm. |
| Address |
Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80526, USA |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0885-114X |
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| Notes |
PMID:10329901 |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3793 |
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| Author |
Nagy, K.; Schrott, A.; Kabai, P. |
| Title |
Possible influence of neighbours on stereotypic behaviour in horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume |
111 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
321-328 |
| Keywords |
Horse; Stereotypies; Survey; Risk factors; Logistic mixed regression |
| Abstract |
Revealing risk factors of abnormal stereotypic behaviour (ASB) in horses can help in the design of protective measures. Previous epidemiological studies indicate that social isolation, housing, management conditions, and feeding regime have a strong effect on developing ASB. The common belief that exposure to a stereotypic horse increases the risk of ASB has never been substantiated. Here we report that a generalised linear mixed models (GLMM) analysis of data on 287 horses of nine riding schools revealed that exposure to a stereotypic neighbour is a significant risk factor for performing stereotypy. Also, aggressive behaviour towards other horses increased the odds of stereotypy in the aggressor. These correspondences are unlikely to be a riding-school effect, because riding schools were treated as random factor in the GLMM. Risk factors identified by epidemiological studies cannot be treated as causal agents without independent evidence. Our aim in presenting these findings was to draw attention to the possibility of neighbour effects so that other researchers would include this variable in their surveys. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4302 |
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| Author |
Knubben, J.M.; Fürst, A.; Gygax, L.; Stauffacher, M. |
| Title |
Bite and kick injuries in horses: Prevalence, risk factors and prevention |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
40 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
219-223 |
| Keywords |
horse; kick; bite; injury; risk factors |
| Abstract |
Reasons for performing study: Studies on the prevalence and predisposing factors of bite and kick injuries in horses have not been reported in a population-based data sample. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of bite and kick injuries in horses and associated risk factors in a representative sample of horses in Switzerland. Methods: A questionnaire on the incidence of disease and injury, which included the frequency of bite and kick injuries and their association with breed, housing, use and feeding regime, was sent to 2559 horse owners randomly selected throughout Switzerland. Results: The data of 2912 horses with 897 disorders diagnosed by a veterinarian were analysed. There were 231 injuries, 50 (21.6%) caused by a bite or kick from another horse; this number corresponded to 5.6% of all diseases and injuries and concerned only 1.7% of all the horses evaluated. Warmblood, Thoroughbred and Arabian horses had a 4.3 times higher risk of bite or kick injuries than horses of other breeds. Eighteen per cent of injuries were associated with a change in housing management and occurred regardless of whether horses were kept in groups permanently or sporadically. Conclusions and potential relevance: A stable group hierarchy and a housing system that provides adequate space and is adapted to horse-specific behaviour are important factors in prevention and kick and bite injuries. |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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2042-3306 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5760 |
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| Author |
Murray, J.K.; Singer, E.R.; Morgan, K.L.; Proudman, C.J.; French, N.P. |
| Title |
Memory decay and performance-related information bias in the reporting of scores by event riders |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Preventive Veterinary Medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
63 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
173-182 |
| Keywords |
Reporting bias; Memory decay; Risk factors; Horse; Cross-country |
| Abstract |
We used data from a case-control study investigating risk factors for horse falls in the cross-country phase of eventing in Great Britain (GB) to examine evidence for memory decay and information bias. Responses to two questions obtained by telephone for 173 cases and 521 controls were examined for evidence of differential reporting according to the respondent's case-control status and performance in the dressage and cross-country phases of competitions. Information bias was found in the accuracy of reporting dressage penalty scores when analysed as a function of performance level (good/poor). Poor dressage performers were less likely to report accurate dressage scores than good performers. The accuracy of reporting dressage scores decreased as the time between the event and questionnaire completion increased, with no case-control interaction. Competitors who incurred cross-country jumping penalties at the event preceding the selected event reported their cross-country scores with less accuracy when compared with competitors who incurred no penalties. No information bias was found when the reporting of dressage and cross-country scores were analysed as a function of respondent category (case/control). |
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refbase @ user @ |
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3955 |
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