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Author |
Elzenga, J. W, |
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Title |
Why zebras are striped |
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1992 |
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Swara |
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Swara |
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15 |
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4 |
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28-30 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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yes |
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1068 |
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Author |
Winkler A, |
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The feeding ecology of the Cape Mountain zebra in the Mountain Zebra National Park |
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1992 |
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Doctoral thesis |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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yes |
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1713 |
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Author |
Dugatkin, L.A. |
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Title |
Tendency to inspect predators predicts mortality risk in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) |
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Year |
1992 |
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Behavioral Ecology |
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Behav. Ecol. |
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3 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
124-127 |
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Although predator inspection behavior in fishes has become a model system for examining game theoretical strategies such as Tit for Tat, the direct costs of inspection behavior have not been quantified. To begin quantifying such costs, I conducted an experiment that examined mortality due to predation as a function of predator inspection in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Before being subjected to a “survivorship” experiment, guppies were assayed for their tendency to inspect a predator. Groups were then composed of six guppies that differed in their tendency to inspect. These groups were placed into a pool containing a predator, and survivorship of guppies with different inspection tendencies was noted 36 and 60 h later. Results indicate that individuals that display high degrees of inspection behavior suffer greater mortality than their noninspecting shoalmates. |
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10.1093/beheco/3.2.124 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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526 |
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Author |
Reeve, H.K. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Queen activation of lazy workers in colonies of the eusocial naked mole-rat |
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1992 |
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Nature |
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Nature |
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358 |
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147-149 |
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10.1038/358147a0 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4921 |
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Author |
Nowak, M.A.; Sigmund, K. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Tit for tat in heterogeneous populations |
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Year |
1992 |
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Nature |
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Nature |
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355 |
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250-253 |
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10.1038/355250a0 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4842 |
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Author |
Dugatkin, L.A.; Mesterton-Gibbons, M.; Houston, A.I. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Beyond the prisoner's dilemma: Toward models to discriminate among mechanisms of cooperation in nature |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
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Trends Evol. Ecol. |
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7 |
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202-205 |
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The iterated prisoner's dilemma game, or IPD, has now established itself as the orthodox paradigm for theoretical investigations of the evolution of cooperation; but its scope is restricted to reciprocity, which is only one of three categories of cooperation among unrelated individuals. Even within that category, a cooperative encounter has in general three phases, and the IPD has nothing to say about two of them. To distinguish among mechanisms of cooperation in nature, future theoretical work on the evolution of cooperation must distance itself from economics and develop games as a refinement of ethology's comparative approach. |
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Notes ![sorted by Notes field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
10.1016/0169-5347(92)90074-L |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4843 |
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Author |
Boyd, R.; Richerson, P.J. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Punishment allows the evolution of cooperation (or anything else) in sizable groups |
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Year |
1992 |
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Ethol. Sociobiol. |
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13 |
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171-195 |
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Existing models suggest that reciprocity is unlikely to evolve in large groups as a result of natural selection. In these models, reciprocators punish noncooperation by with-holding future cooperation, and thus also penalize other cooperators in the group. Here, we analyze a model in which the response is some form of punishment that is directed solely at noncooperators. We refer to such alternative forms of punishment as retribution. We show that cooperation enforced by retribution can lead to the evolution of cooperation in two qualitatively different ways. (1) If benefits of cooperation to an individual are greater than the costs to a single individual of coercing the other n − 1 individuals to cooperate, then strategies which cooperate and punish noncooperators, strategies which cooperate only if punished, and, sometimes, strategies which cooperate but do not punish will coexist in the long run. (2) If the costs of being punished are large enough, moralistic strategies which cooperate, punish noncooperators, and punish those who do not punish noncooperators can be evolutionarily stable. We also show, however, that moralistic strategies can cause any individually costly behavior to be evolutionarily stable, whether or not it creates a group benefit. |
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Notes ![sorted by Notes field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
10.1016/0162-3095(92)90032-Y |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4913 |
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Author |
Manson, J.H. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Measuring female mate choice in Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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44 |
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405-416 |
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Few studies of female mate choice have been carried out among free-ranging non-human primates. To qualify as female mate choice, behaviour by oestrous females must predict the occurrence or rate of potentially fertile copulations, in comparisons between heterosexual dyads. In this paper, data are presented to show three behaviour patterns that meet this criterion in free-ranging rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta, at the island colony of Cayo Santiago: (1) selective cooperation with male sexual solicitations (hip-grasps), (2) restoration of proximity following attacks on females by intruding males, and (3) proximity maintenance (in one of two study groups). Oestrous females maintained proximity preferentially to lower ranking males, but this appeared to reflect differences in the tactics necessary to achieve copulations with males of different dominance ranks, rather than preference for lower ranking mates. Male-oestrous female dyads showed consistency over two consecutive mating seasons in which partner was responsible for proximity maintenance. Male dominance rank was positively correlated with copulatory rate with fertile females. However, in one study group, males to whom oestrous females maintained proximity more actively had higher copulatory rates with fertile females, independent of the effects of male dominance rank. |
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Notes ![sorted by Notes field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
10.1016/0003-3472(92)90051-A |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4889 |
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Author |
Aureli, F.; Cossolino, R.; Cordischi, C.; Scucchi, S. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Kin-oriented redirection among Japanese macaques: an expression of a revenge system? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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44 |
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2 |
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283-291 |
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The ability to recognize the close associates of other group members may permit the display of redirected aggression against the relatives of the former aggressor. However, the dominance structure and the kin-based alliance system of macaque society are expected not to favour the occurrence of this kin-oriented redirection. Nevertheless, within 1 h of being the victim of an attack, Japanese macaques, Macaca fuscata, were more likely to attack the former aggressor's kin than without such a conflict. The conditions under which the victim redirected against the former aggressor's kin were investigated. This kin-oriented redirection did not occur preferentially either after conflicts between individuals with unstable and/or uncertain dominance relationships or after conflicts with individuals that were unlikely to intervene in favour of their kin. Victims redirected against individuals that were younger than the former aggressor and often subordinate to the victim. They also redirected in an opportunistic way by joining polyadic interactions against the former aggressor's kin. The possibility that this kin-oriented redirection may have a long-term function in changing the aggressive attitude of the aggressor towards the victim is also discussed. In addition, the victim's kin also displayed a form of kin-oriented redirection. They were more likely to attack the kin of an individual after it had attacked their own kin. |
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Notes ![sorted by Notes field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
10.1016/0003-3472(92)90034-7 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4867 |
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Author |
Rubenstein, D. I.; Hack, M. A. |
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Title |
Horse signals: The sounds and scents of fury |
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1992 |
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Evolutionary Ecology |
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Evol. Ecol. |
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6 |
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3 |
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254-260 |
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ommunication – combat – fighting ability – individual identity – signals – information – assessment – displays |
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During contests animals typically exchange information about fighting ability. Among feral horses these signals involve olfactory or acoustical elements and each type can effectively terminate contests before physical contact becomes necessary. Dung transplant experiments show that for stallions, irrespective of rank, olfactory signals such as dung sniffing encode information about familiarity suggesting that such signals can be used as signatures. As such they can provide indirect information about fighting ability as long as opponents associate identity with past performance. Play-back experiments, however, show that vocalizations, such as squeals, directly provide information about status regardless of stallion familiarity. Sonographs reveal that squeals of dominants are longer than those of subordinates and that only those of dominants have at their onset high-frequency components. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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506 |
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