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Author | Dugatkin, L.A. | ||||
Title | Tendency to inspect predators predicts mortality risk in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1992 | Publication | Behavioral Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Ecol. |
Volume | 3 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 124-127 |
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Abstract | Although predator inspection behavior in fishes has become a model system for examining game theoretical strategies such as Tit for Tat, the direct costs of inspection behavior have not been quantified. To begin quantifying such costs, I conducted an experiment that examined mortality due to predation as a function of predator inspection in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Before being subjected to a “survivorship” experiment, guppies were assayed for their tendency to inspect a predator. Groups were then composed of six guppies that differed in their tendency to inspect. These groups were placed into a pool containing a predator, and survivorship of guppies with different inspection tendencies was noted 36 and 60 h later. Results indicate that individuals that display high degrees of inspection behavior suffer greater mortality than their noninspecting shoalmates. | ||||
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Notes | 10.1093/beheco/3.2.124 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 526 | ||
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Author | ANGLE M, et al | ||||
Title | Androgenes in feral stallions | Type | Conference Volume | ||
Year | 1979 | Publication | Symposium on the Ecology and Behavior of wild and feral Equids | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 31-38 | ||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Laramie | Editor | ||
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Notes | from Prof. Hans Klingels Equine Reference List | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 641 | ||
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Author | Kavaliers, M.; Colwell, D.D.; Choleris, E. | ||||
Title | Kinship, familiarity and social status modulate social learning about “micropredators” (biting flies) in deer mice | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. |
Volume | 58 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 60-71 |
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 710 | ||
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Author | R. A. J. Taylor | ||||
Title | The Behavioural Basis of Redistribution I. The Delta -Model Concept | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1981 | Publication | The Journal of Animal Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | T. J. Anim. Ecol. |
Volume | 50 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 573-586 |
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Abstract | (1) A conceptual model is developed in which spatial behaviour is density-dependent. The behaviour is classified as congregatory or migratory according to whether it results in movement towards or away from population concentrations. (2) Spatial behaviour is shown to result from both individual and population interactions. (3) The stability properties of the model are explored and it is shown how, under particular conditions, populations obeying the model have a population density regulating mechanism. (4) The similarity between the model and the potential energy curve of physics is noted, but it is emphasized that this is a behavioural not a physical model. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 720 | ||
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Author | Berger, J. | ||||
Title | Organizational systems and dominance in feral horses in the Grand Canyon | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1977 | Publication | Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. |
Volume | 2 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 131-146 |
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Abstract | 1. Several aspects of the behavioral ecology of feral horses (Equus caballus) were studied in Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA. Most bands contained three to five horses that included one stallion and his harem. Males that did not obtain a harem remained solitary. Throughout the study bands remained stable in composition. 2. Home ranges for all bands decreased in size in successive warm months, probably due to increased ambient temperature and drought. This resulted in greater utilization of spring areas that led to increased interband confrontation and agonistic display. 3. Territoriality was not observed in individual horses or bands, but bands hierarchial in both inter- and intraband structures. Interband stallion dominance was reinforced through posturing and fighting. Intraband hierarchies, as determined by dominance coefficients, were independent of individual size in three of four bands. 4. Indexes of nervousness (NER), calculated while horses were drinking, showed that stallions were less nervous than mares. A low NER was correlated with individuals leading toward drinking areas, whereas a high NER existed in individuals initiating flight although no single horse acted consistently as a leader. 5. Diurnal activity patterns were correlated with ambient temperatures. |
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 748 | ||
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Author | Houston, A.I.; McNamara, J.M. | ||||
Title | Fighting for food: a dynamic version of the Hawk-Dove game | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1988 | Publication | Evolutionary Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | Evol. Ecol. |
Volume | 2 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 51-64 |
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 750 | ||
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Author | Dugatkin, L.A. | ||||
Title | Winner and loser effects and the structure of dominance hierarchies | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Behavioral Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Ecol. |
Volume | 8 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 583-587 |
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Abstract | In the literature on dominance hierarchies, “winner” and “loser” effects usually are denned as an increased probability of winning at time T, bated on victories at time T-l, T-2, etc, and an increased probability of losing at time T, based on losing at T-1, T-2, etc., respectively. Despite some early theoretical work on winner and loser effects, these factors and how they affect the structure of dominance hierarchies have not been examined in detail. I developed a computer simulation to examine winner and loser effects when such effects are independent of one another (as well as when they interact) and when combatants assess each other's resource-holding power. When winner effects alone were important, a hierarchy in which all individuals held an unambiguous rank was found. When only loser effects were important, a dear alpha individual always emerged, but the rank of others in the group was often unclear because of the scarcity of aggressive interactions. Increasing winner effects for a given value of the loser effect increase the number of individuals with unambiguous positions in a hierarchy and the converse is true for increasing the value of the loser effect for a given winner effect Although winner and loser effects have been documented in a number of species, no study has documented both winner and loser effects (using some controlled, pairwise testing system) and the detailed nature of behavioral interactions when individuals are in groups. I hope the results of this model will spur such studies in the future. | ||||
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Notes | 10.1093/beheco/8.6.583 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 759 | ||
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Author | Cant, M.A.; Field, J. | ||||
Title | Helping effort in a dominance hierarchy | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Behavioral Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Ecol. |
Volume | 16 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 708-715 |
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Abstract | In many cooperatively breeding species, group members form a dominance hierarchy or queue to inherit the position of breeder. Models aimed at understanding individual variation in helping behavior, however, rarely take into account the effect of dominance rank on expected future reproductive success and thus the potential direct fitness costs of helping. Here we develop a kin-selection model of helping behavior in multimember groups in which only the highest ranking individual breeds. Each group member can invest in the dominant's offspring at a cost to its own survivorship. The model predicts that lower ranked subordinates, who have a smaller probability of inheriting the group, should work harder than higher ranked subordinates. This prediction holds regardless of whether the intrinsic mortality rate of subordinates increases or decreases with rank. The prediction does not necessarily hold, however, where the costs of helping are higher for lower ranked individuals: a situation that may be common in vertebrates. The model makes two further testable predictions: that the helping effort of an individual of given rank should be lower in larger groups, and the reproductive success of dominants should be greater where group members are more closely related. Empirical evidence for these predictions is discussed. We argue that the effects of rank on stable helping effort may explain why attempts to correlate individual helping effort with relatedness in cooperatively breeding species have met with limited success. | ||||
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Notes | 10.1093/beheco/ari051 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 760 | ||
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Author | Vahl, W.K.; Lok, T.; van der Meer, J.; Piersma, T.; Weissing, F.J. | ||||
Title | Spatial clumping of food and social dominance affect interference competition among ruddy turnstones | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Behavioral Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Ecol. |
Volume | 16 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 834-844 |
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Abstract | In studying the success of foraging animals, studies of interference competition have put emphasis on effects of competitor density, whereas studies of resource defense have focused on the effects of the spatial distribution of food within patches. Very few studies have looked at both factors simultaneously, that is, determined whether the effects of competitor density on foraging success depend on the spatial distribution of food. We studied the behavior and the foraging success of ruddy turnstones (Arenaria interpres) using an experiment in which we varied both the presence of a competitor and the food distribution. Because turnstones may differ strongly in their relative dominance status, we also experimentally varied the foragers' relative dominance status. We found that the presence of a competitor only reduced the foraging success of subordinate birds foraging at the clumped food distribution. At this condition, dominant and subordinate birds differed markedly in their foraging success. Contrary to our expectations, we did not observe more agonistic behavior at the clumped food distribution. This indicates that the amount of agonistic behavior observed may be a bad indicator of interference effects. These findings have specific implications for models of interference competition. Most notably they show that the effects of competitor density on agonistic behavior and foraging success may well depend on the spatial distribution of food and the foragers' relative dominance status. Additionally, our results suggest that social dominance will not be fully understood without considering long-term processes such as the formation and maintenance of social dominance hierarchies. | ||||
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Notes | 10.1093/beheco/ari067 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 761 | ||
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Author | Linklater, W.L.; Cameron, E.Z.; Stafford, K.J.; Veltman, C.J. | ||||
Title | Social and spatial structure and range use by Kaimanawa wild horses (Equus caballus: Equidae) | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | New Zealand Journal of Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | New Zealand J. Ecol. |
Volume | 24 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 139-152 |
Keywords | Bachelor male; Band; Density; Habitat use; Home range; Management proposals; Micro-climate; Vegetation monitoring; habitat use; home range; mammal; social structure; spatial distribution; New Zealand; Equus caballus | ||||
Abstract | We measured horse density, social structure, habitat use, home ranges and altitudinal micro-climates in the south-western Kaimanawa ranges east of Waiouru, New Zealand. Horse density in the Auahitotara ecological sector averaged 3.6 horses.km-2 and ranged from 0.9 to 5.2 horses.km-2 within different zones. The population's social structure was like that of other feral horse populations with an even adult sex ratio, year round breeding groups (bands) with stable adult membership consisting of 1 to 11 mares, 1 to 4 stallions, and their predispersal offspring, and bachelor groups with unstable membership. Bands and bachelor males were loyal to undefended home ranges with central core use areas. Band home range sizes varied positively with adult band size. Home ranges overlapped entirely with other home ranges. Horses were more likely to occupy north facing aspects, short tussock vegetation and flush zones and avoid high altitudes, southern aspects, steeper slopes, bare ground and forest remnants. Horses were more likely to be on north facing aspects, steeper slopes, in exotic and red tussock grasslands and flush zones during winter and at lower altitudes and on gentler slopes in spring and summer. Seasonal shifts by bands to river basin and stream valley floors in spring and higher altitudes in autumn and winter are attributed to the beginning of foaling and mating in spring and formation of frost inversion layers in winter. Given horse habitat selectivity and the presence of other ungulate herbivores, results from present exclosures are likely to exaggerate the size of horse impacts on range vegetation. Proposals to manage the population by relocation and confinement are likely to modify current social structure and range use behaviour and may lead to the need for more intensive management in the longer term. | ||||
Address | Ecology Group, Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand | ||||
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ISSN | 01106465 (Issn) | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Cited By (since 1996): 12; Export Date: 21 April 2007; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Linklater, W.L.; Ecology Group; Institute of Natural Resources; Massey University; Private Bag 11-222 Palmerston North, New Zealand; email: wlinklater@hotmail.com | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 793 | ||
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