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Author |
Sato, S.; Sako, S.; Maeda, A. |
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Title |
Social licking patterns in cattle (<em>Bos taurus</em>): influence of environmental and social factors |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
3-12 |
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Abstract |
To investigate the functions of social licking in cattle, four calves (one heifer and one steer in each of two herds), known to exhibit frequent social licking were observed continuously for 2 h before sunset for 13 days, using the focal animal sampling method. Calves were observed under various environmental conditions. Social licking significantly decreased on rainy days and tended to increase in a dirty barn and when food was restricted. Solicitation for social licking occurred not only from dominant animals of pairs but also from subordinates. Of the licking interactions, 31% occurred following solicitation, and these accounted for 39% of the total time spent licking. Following solicitation, 78% of social licking was oriented to the head and the neck regions that were inaccessible to self-licking animals. Unsolicited licking, however, was oriented not only to the head and the neck but also to the back and the rump regions, and these two latter regions were the major ones to receive licking. The effect of social relationships on social licking was investigated using least-squares analysis of variance. Social factors investigated were the difference of dominance values, the dominance-subordinance relationship, and kinship and familiarity; the sex of calves involved was also considered. Only familiarity had a significant effect on licking; exchanges of social licking increased with length of cohabitation. We suggest that social licking may have a cleaning effect, a tension-reducing effect and a bonding effect. |
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Elsevier |
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0168-1591 |
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doi: 10.1016/S0168-1591(05)80158-3 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6409 |
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Author |
Mrosovsky, N.; Shettleworth, S.J. |
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Title |
Further studies of the sea-finding mechanism in green turtle hatchlings |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1974 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
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Volume |
51 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
195-208 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Animals, Newborn/physiology; Contact Lenses; Locomotion; *Orientation; Retina/physiology; *Turtles/physiology; Visual Fields; *Visual Perception; Water |
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0005-7959 |
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PMID:4447586 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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389 |
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Author |
Mrosovsky, N.; Shettleworth, S.J. |
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Title |
Wavelength preferences and brightness cues in the water finding behaviour of sea turtles |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1968 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
211-257 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Color Perception; Cues; Light; *Turtles; Water |
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0005-7959 |
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PMID:5717260 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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391 |
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Author |
Wittemyer, G.; Getz, W.M. |
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Title |
A likely ranking interpolation for resolving dominance orders in systems with unknown relationships |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
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Volume |
143 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
909-930 |
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Keywords |
DOMINANCE HIERARCHY; ALGORITH; SOCIAL AGONISTIC INTERACTIONS |
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Abstract |
n many animal systems agonistic interactions may be rare or not overt, particularly where such interactions are costly or of high risk as is common for large mammals. We present a technique developed specifically for resolving an optimized dominance order of individuals in systems with transitive (i.e. linear) dominance relationships, but where not all relationships are known. Our method augments the widely used I&SI method (de Vries, 1998) with an interpolation function for resolving the relative ranks of individuals with unknown relationships. Our method offers several advantages over other dominance methods by enabling the incorporation of any proportion of unknown relationships, resolving a unique solution to any dominance matrix, and calculating cardinal dominance strengths for each individual. As such, this method enables novel insight into difficult to study behavioural systems. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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438 |
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Author |
Digweed, Shannon M.; Fedigan, Linda M.; Rendall, Drew |
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Title |
Variable specificity in the anti-predator vocalizations and behaviour of the white-faced capuchin, Cebus capucinus |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
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Volume |
142 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
997-1021 |
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Abstract |
(Accepted: 23 June 2005)
Summary
Much research in animal communication is aimed at understanding the functional design
features of animal vocal signals. Our detailed analyses of the vocalizations and behavioural
responses elicited in white-faced capuchins by predators and other disturbances point to two
call variants that differ modestly in their acoustic structure and that are accompanied by
functionally distinct behavioural responses. The first variant is given exclusively to avian
predators and is almost invariably accompanied by the monkeys immediate descent from
the treetops where it is most vulnerable; therefore, we label this call variant the aerial
predator alarm?. The second variant, that differs only slightly but noticeably from the first,
is given to a wide range of snakes and mammals, including a range of species that represent
no predatory threat to the monkeys. This second call is also associated with more variable
responses from calling monkeys, from delayed retreat from the source of disturbance, to
active approach, inspection, and sometimes mobbing of the animal involved. We therefore
label this variant more generally as an “alerting call”. Although some other primate species
show a more diverse system of anti-predator calls, and the capuchins themselves may yet
be found to produce a greater variety of calls, a system of two call variants with varying
degrees of predator specificity and behavioural response is not uncommon among primates
and appears functionally appropriate for capuchins. The basic structure of the alerting call
allows conspecific listeners to localize the caller and the source of disturbance readily, thereby
allowing listeners to approach and assist in mobbing in cases where the disturbance warrants
it, or to avoid the area in cases where the disturbance is identified as a predatory threat.
Conversely, the aerial predator alarm is inherently less localizable and therefore conveys the |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
547 |
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Author |
Dow, M.; Ewing, A.W.; Sutherland, I. |
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Title |
Studies on the behaviour of cyprinodont fish. III. The temporal patterning of aggression in Aphyosemion striatum (Boulenger) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
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Volume |
59 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
252-268 |
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Keywords |
*Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Dominance-Subordination; *Fishes; Humans; Individuality; *Killifishes; Male; Time Factors |
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ISSN |
0005-7959 |
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Notes |
PMID:1035107 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4151 |
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Author |
Jensen, G.D.; Gordon, B.N.; Wolfheim, J. |
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Title |
Nursing behavior in infant monkeys: a sequence analysis |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1975 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
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Volume |
55 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
115-127 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Dependency (Psychology); *Feeding Behavior; Female; *Macaca; Male; Sensory Deprivation; Social Behavior; Spatial Behavior |
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0005-7959 |
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Notes |
PMID:1191212 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4153 |
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Author |
Salzen, E.A.; Cornell, J.M. |
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Title |
Self-perception and species recognition in birds |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1968 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
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Volume |
30 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
44-65 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Birds; Color Perception; Discrimination Learning; Generalization, Response; Imprinting (Psychology); *Perception; *Self Concept; Social Isolation; *Species Specificity; Water |
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0005-7959 |
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Notes |
PMID:5644775 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4154 |
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Author |
Bergmann, H.H.; Klaus, S.; Muller, F.; Wiesner, J. |
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Title |
[Individuality and type specificity in the songs of a population of hazel grouse (Bonasa bonasia bonasia L., Tetraoninae, Phasianidae)] |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1975 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
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Volume |
55 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
94-114 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Birds; Female; *Individuality; Male; Time Factors; *Vocalization, Animal |
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German |
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Individualitat und Artspezifitat in den Gesangsstrophen einer Population des Haselhuhns (Bonasa bonasia bonasia L., Tetraoninae, Phasianidae) |
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0005-7959 |
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Notes |
PMID:1191217 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4152 |
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