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Author |
Lewis,P.; Gardner, ET; Lopatto, D. |
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Title |
Shock-duration reduction as negative reinforcement |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1980 |
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The Psychological Record |
Abbreviated Journal |
Psychol. Rec, |
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In 2 experiments, 9 female Sprague-Dawley albino rats were shocked every 30 sec. Before the barpress response, shocks were long (2 sec); for 3 min after a response, shocks were short (0.1, 0.5, or 1 sec). When responding reduced shocks from 2 to 0.1 sec, barpressing was acquired, and the shorter the shocks the more time spent with the short-shock condition in effect. In another procedure, the duration of individual shocks following a response was controlled so that the 1st shock was as long as those before the response (2 sec), but the remaining shocks in the 3-min period were short (0.1 sec). Barpressing was maintained in some Ss and acquired in others showing that, even when delayed, a reduction in shock duration is reinforcing. These findings question the generality of a 2-factor, safety-signal interpretation of negative reinforcement. These results plus others imply that to predict responding in aversive situations it is necessary to integrate, for at least several minutes, the parameters of aversive events that follow a response. (27 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved) |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3596 |
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Author |
Stoddart, D.M. |
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Title |
The ecology of vertebrate olfaction |
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1980 |
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Chapman and Hall |
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London; New York |
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0412218208 9780412218200 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ 6770946 |
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4367 |
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Author |
Brügger, A. |
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Title |
Die Erkrankungen des Bewegungsapparates und seines Nervensystems. |
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1980 |
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Gustav Fischer |
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Stuttgart |
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3437105051 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4440 |
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Brügger, A. |
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Title |
Gesunde Körperhaltung im Alltag |
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1980 |
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Dr. A. Brügger |
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Zürich |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4451 |
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Author |
Appleby, M.C. |
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Title |
Social Rank and Food Access in Red Deer Stags |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
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74 |
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294-309 |
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The behaviour of a free-living group of male red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) on the Isle of Rhum, Scotland, was studied throughout the year to investigate the relations between social dominance and food access. The study is based on the collection of agonistic interactions between members of the study group outside the rutting season. Analysis of these confirmed that dyadic dominance relationships summate to a very clear agonistic hierarchy, while seasonal changes in frequency and type of interactions suggested that rank in the hierarchy may affect access to food through direct feeding interference. This would constitute a selective advantage of the acquisition of high rank. A behaviour pattern in which a stag displaces a subordinate and takes over his feeding-site is proposed as a mechanism of direct feeding interference. It occurs throughout the year, but with a frequency closely related to changes in food availability and quality. The proportion of such interactions that an individual wins is related to his rank, so advantages gained from this behaviour would primarily benefit high-ranking stags. These are likely to consist of improved body condition and winter survival. The importance of high rank in obtaining access to limited food was supported by the results of a simple experiment providing a small area of fertilized grass. Most of the grazing in the area was due to the highest-ranking stag present at any time. |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4860 |
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Author |
Asa, C.S.; Goldfoot, D.A.; Garcia, M.C.; Ginther, O.J. |
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Title |
Sexual behavior in ovariectomized and seasonally anovulatory pony mares (Equus caballus) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Hormones and Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Horm Behav |
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14 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
46-54 |
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Ten ovariectomized (OVEX) and ten intact, but seasonally anovulatory (ANOV), pony mares were observed for sexual activity with five stallions, using a “harem group” social testing paradigm (two OVEX and two ANOV mares plus one stallion per group) for 15 consecutive daily tests lasting 20 min each. All mares in both conditions showed proceptive behavior in at least one test, all mares but one were mounted, and 14 of 20 mares received ejaculations. No statistical differences were found between the two conditions for any measure of proceptivity, copulatory activity, or days in estrus. The quality of estrus was judged to be equivalent to that displayed by periovulatory mares during their initial and terminal days of estrus, but less intense than that seen near ovulation. Mares in both groups were in estrus during approximately 60-70% of the tests and only 3 of the 20 mares were sexually refractory for more than five consecutive tests. Thus, the typical 2-week phase of sexual refractoriness seen in intact diestrous mares was absent in OVEX and ANOV mares, suggesting that the ovary plays a major role in actively suppressing estrous responses during the luteal phase of the cycle. |
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0018-506x |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5361 |
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Author |
Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Harvey, P.H. |
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Title |
Primates, brains and ecology |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Journal of Zoology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Zool. Lond. |
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Volume |
190 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
309-323 |
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The paper examines systematic relationships among primates between brain size (relative to body size) and differences in ecology and social system. Marked differences in relative brain size exist between families. These are correlated with inter-family differences in body size and home range size. Variation in comparative brain size within families is related to diet (folivores have comparatively smaller brains than frugivores), home range size and possibly also to breeding system. The adaptive significance of these relationships is discussed. |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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1469-7998 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5451 |
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Author |
Harvey, P.H.; Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Mace, G.M. |
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Title |
Brain size and ecology in small mammals and primates |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
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PNAS |
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77 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
4387-4389 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5456 |
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Author |
Frank, H. |
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Title |
Evolution of canine information processing under conditions of natural and artificial selection |
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1980 |
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Z Tierpsychol |
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5 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Frank1980 |
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6243 |
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Author |
Beck, B. B. |
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Title |
Animal tool behaviour: The use and manufacture of tools by animals |
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1980 |
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Garland |
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New York |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6524 |
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