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Equine and Animal Cognition Reference Database

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Author Wauters, A. M.; Richard-Yris, M.-A.; Richard, J. P.; Foraste M. doi  openurl
  Title Internal and external factors modulate food-calling in domestic hens Type Journal Article
  Year 1999 Publication Animal Cognition Abbreviated Journal Anim. Cogn.  
  Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 1-10  
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  Abstract Two series of experiments investigated factors affecting utterance of food calls in the domestic hen, Gallus domesticus. The first series of experiments tested the effect of food preference and the hen&#146;s internal state on the utterance of food calls. Different food types were presented first singly and then in a choice test to 20 hens, first when hens were laying, and then when they were maternal. The second series of experiments tested the effect of hunger level on the utterance of food calls in laying hens, and maternal hens with or without chicks. These two series of experiments showed that laying hens and maternal hens showed a similar marked preference for certain types of food, but laying hens very rarely emitted food calls, in contrast to maternal hens. This shows the effect of the bird&#146;s psychophysiological state on her tendency to emit food calls. The more a maternal hen preferred a food type, the more food calls she emitted. This was observed from the beginning of a test in single-food tests as well as in choice tests. Hunger level positively affected food-call production under certain feeding conditions in maternal hens, but not in laying hens. When maternal hens were tested in the absence of their chicks, utterance of food calls was more sustained than in the presence of chicks.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3306  
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Author Theall, L.A.; Povinelli, D.J. doi  openurl
  Title Do chimpanzees tailor their gestural signals to fit the attentional states of others? Type Journal Article
  Year 1999 Publication Animal Cognition Abbreviated Journal Anim. Cogn.  
  Volume 2 Issue 4 Pages 207-214  
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  Abstract The use of vocalizations and tactile gestures by seven juvenile chimpanzees was experimentally investigated. The subjects interacted with an experimenter who typically handed them food rewards. In some trials, however, the experimenter waited 20 s before doing so. In these trials the experimenter's eyes were either open or closed, or the experimenter was either looking away from the subject or looking directly at him/her inquisitively with head movements. Although the chimpanzees produced at least one of the non-visual gestures mentioned (touching/tapping the experimenter or vocalizing) in 72% of all experimental trials, these actions and vocalizations were deployed without regard to the attentional state of their potential recipient, despite evidence that the subjects noticed the postures that defined the experimenter's attentional state. The results are discussed in the context of the distinction between the evolution of an understanding of seeing/attention as an internal mental state versus an understanding of behavioral postures alone.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3353  
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Author Griffiths D.; Dickinson A.; Clayton N. doi  openurl
  Title Episodic memory: what can animals remember about their past? Type Journal Article
  Year 1999 Publication Trends in Cognitive Sciences Abbreviated Journal Trends. Cognit. Sci.  
  Volume 3 Issue Pages 74-80  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3460  
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Author Hanggi, E.B. doi  openurl
  Title Interocular transfer of learning In horses (Equus caballus) Type Journal Article
  Year 1999 Publication Journal of Equine Veterinary Science Abbreviated Journal J Equine Vet Sci  
  Volume 19 Issue 8 Pages 518-524  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3564  
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Author DUNN, L.J. url  openurl
  Title PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF EQUINE LEARNING AND MEMORY Type Journal Article
  Year 1999 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
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  Abstract ABSTRACT

Six horses demonstrated observation and discrimination learning and memory ability. The purpose of this study was to gain further knowledge in the area of equine learning. Performance on each task was compared in a single subject design. Subjects learned to discriminate between a black and a white bucket. The criterion for learning was set at 80% correct black bucket choice. All subjects successfully performed the discrimination task by the eighth session. Observation learning was unsuccessful; no subject reached the 80% correct criterion. Five horses were tested for memory retention of the discrimination task three weeks after the initial learning. All subjects performed the discrimination by the second session of two. These data support existing results from similar learning and memory tasks.		  
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  Publisher DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY Place of Publication MISSOURI WESTERN STATE COLLEGE Editor  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3621  
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Author Hanggi, E.B. url  openurl
  Title Categorization Learning in Horses (Equus caballus) Type Journal Article
  Year 1999 Publication Journal of Comparative Psychology Abbreviated Journal J. Comp. Psychol.  
  Volume 113 Issue 3 Pages 243-252  
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  Abstract Categorization learning was investigated in 2 horses (Equus caballus). Both horses learned to select a 2-dimensional black stimulus with an open center instead of a filled stimulus in a 2-choice discrimination task. After a criterion of 10 out of 10 correct responses in a random series for 2 consecutive sessions was reached, 15 additional pairs of open-center versus filled stimuli were tested. Each was run to criterion and then incorporated into sessions of randomly mixed problems. Both horses solved the 1st problem by simple pattern discrimination and showed evidence of categorical processing for subsequent problems. New pairs were learned with few or no errors, and correct responses on novel trials were significantly above chance. These results suggest that the horses were making their selections on the basis of shared characteristics with the training stimuli and were using categorization skills in problem solving.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3678  
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Author Rendall, D. url  doi
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  Title Review of Machiavellian Intelligence II: Extensions and Evaluations Type Journal Article
  Year 1999 Publication Ethology Abbreviated Journal Ethology  
  Volume 105 Issue 2 Pages 178-182  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3998  
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Author Wingfield, J. C.,; Ramenofsky, M. openurl 
  Title Hormones and the behavioral ecology of stress. Type Book Chapter
  Year 1999 Publication Stress physiology in animals. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-51  
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  Publisher Sheffield Academic Press Place of Publication Sheffield, United Kingdom Editor Balm, P. H. M.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4071  
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Author Weckerly, Floyd W. url  doi
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  Title Social bonding and aggression in female Roosevelt elk Type Journal Article
  Year 1999 Publication Canadian Journal of Zoology Abbreviated Journal Can J Zool  
  Volume 77 Issue 9 Pages 1379-1384  
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  Abstract Abstract: The relationship between degree of social bonding (extent of association among individuals) and level of aggression in ruminants is unclear. I examined social bonding and aggression in three groups of female Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) over 2 years. I hypothesized that when animals are socially bonded, bouts of aggression will be won by the individual initiating the aggression, occur quickly, and involve little physical contact, and the level of aggression does not correlate with group size. The degree of social bonding was high among individuals in all groups. Dyads of known individuals were together >80% of the time. A permutation analysis indicated that groups with the observed sizes had <0.001 chance of random association, except on one occasion when the probability was 0.72 for one group. Using focal-animal sampling, aggressive interactions were won 72% of the time by the initiator, occurred quickly (<5 s), and involved little physical contact, and the level of aggression was not correlated with group size. The level of aggression was, however, significantly lower in one of the groups. This group may have had access to more abundant food resources than the other groups. Socially bonded elk conducted aggressive interactions in a fashion that did not disrupt social stability. Résumé : La relation entre le degré de liaison sociale (importance des associations entre individus) et l`agressivité n`est pas claire chez les ruminants. J`ai étudié les liaisons sociales et l`agressivité chez trois groupes de femelles du Cerf de Roosevelt (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) pendant 2 ans. J`ai posé en hypothèse que, chez les animaux liés socialement, la victoire devrait être emportée par l`individu qui entreprend l`agression, l`agression devrait être de courte durée, se faire avec peu de contacts physiques et la fréquence des agressions ne devrait pas être liée à la taille du groupe. Des paires d`individus passaient plus de 80% de leur temps ensemble. Une analyse des permutations a démontré que, chez les groupes des tailles observées, la probabilité d`une association aléatoire était de moins de 0,001, sauf en un cas où cette probabilité a été évaluée à 0,72 chez un groupe. Par échantillonnage directionnel, j`ai observé que les interactions agressives étaient gagnées par l`individu attaquant 72% du temps, étaient de courte durée (<5 s), se faisaient avec peu de contacts physiques et leur fréquence n`était pas reliée à la taille du groupe. Il y avait cependant moins d`agressivité chez l`un des groupes. Il se peut que ce groupe ait eu accès à plus de ressources alimentaires que les autres. Chez les cerfs liés par des liens sociaux, l`agressivité ne se manifeste pas de façon à déséquilibrer la stabilité sociale.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4268  
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Author Koops, M.A.; Abrahams, M.V. doi  openurl
  Title Assessing the Ideal Free Distribution: Do Guppies Use Aggression as Public Information about Patch Quality? Type Journal Article
  Year 1999 Publication Ethology Abbreviated Journal Ethology  
  Volume 105 Issue 9 Pages 737-746  
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  Abstract Aggression can be costly to foragers, yet some recent research suggests that foragers should use aggression as a cue to patch quality (the attractive aggression hypothesis). If aggression is predictive of patch quality, then the attractive aggression hypothesis predicts that the distribution of foragers should follow the distribution of aggression. If, instead, aggression is repulsive because it is costly, then the distribution of foragers should diverge from the distribution of aggression. We tested the attractive aggression hypothesis using female guppies, Poecilia reticulata, and found that the distribution of foragers followed the distribution of food, but was unaffected by the distribution of aggression. These data do not support the attractive aggression hypothesis, but instead suggest that the distribution of aggression is a consequence of the distribution of foragers, and that aggression is not used as public information about patch quality.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4271  
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