|
Records |
Links |
|
Author |
Devenport, J.A.; Patterson, M.R.; Devenport, L.D. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
|
|
Title |
Dynamic averaging and foraging decisions in horses (Equus callabus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Journal of Comparative psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Comp. Psychol. |
|
|
Volume |
119 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
352-358 |
|
|
Keywords ![sorted by Keywords field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Animals; *Decision Making; *Feeding Behavior; Female; Horses/*psychology; Male; *Memory, Short-Term; Motivation; Orientation; *Social Environment |
|
|
Abstract |
The variability of most environments taxes foraging decisions by increasing the uncertainty of the information available. One solution to the problem is to use dynamic averaging, as do some granivores and carnivores. Arguably, the same strategy could be useful for grazing herbivores, even though their food renews and is more homogeneously distributed. Horses (Equus callabus) were given choices between variable patches after short or long delays. When patch information was current, horses returned to the patch that was recently best, whereas those without current information matched choices to the long-term average values of the patches. These results demonstrate that a grazing species uses dynamic averaging and indicate that, like granivores and carnivores, they can use temporal weighting to optimize foraging decisions. |
|
|
Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Central Oklahoma, 73034, USA. jdevenport@ucok.edu |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0735-7036 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:16131264 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
752 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Hall, C.A.; Cassaday, H.J.; Derrington, A.M. |
|
|
Title |
The effect of stimulus height on visual discrimination in horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
|
|
Volume |
81 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
1715-1720 |
|
|
Keywords ![sorted by Keywords field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Animals; *Discrimination Learning/physiology; Female; Horses/physiology/*psychology; Male; Orientation; *Photic Stimulation; Vision/*physiology |
|
|
Abstract |
This study investigated the effect of stimulus height on the ability of horses to learn a simple visual discrimination task. Eight horses were trained to perform a two-choice, black/white discrimination with stimuli presented at one of two heights: ground level or at a height of 70 cm from the ground. The height at which the stimuli were presented was alternated from one session to the next. All trials within a single session were presented at the same height. The criterion for learning was four consecutive sessions of 70% correct responses. Performance was found to be better when stimuli were presented at ground level with respect to the number of trials taken to reach the criterion (P < 0.05), percentage of correct first choices (P < 0.01), and repeated errors made (P < 0.01). Thus, training horses to carry out tasks of visual discrimination could be enhanced by placing the stimuli on the ground. In addition, the results of the present study suggest that the visual appearance of ground surfaces is an important factor in both horse management and training. |
|
|
Address |
School of Land-based Studies, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst College Campus, Southwell, Nottinghamshire, England NG25 0QF. carol.hall@ntu.ac.uk |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0021-8812 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:12854807 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
835 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Rendall, D.; Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M. |
|
|
Title |
Proximate factors mediating “contact” calls in adult female baboons (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) and their infants |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
|
|
Volume |
114 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
36-46 |
|
|
Keywords ![sorted by Keywords field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Animals; Animals, Wild; Botswana; Female; *Maternal Behavior; Motivation; Orientation; Papio/*psychology; Social Environment; Sound Spectrography; *Vocalization, Animal |
|
|
Abstract |
“Contact” calls are widespread in social mammals and birds, but the proximate factors that motivate call production and mediate their contact function remain poorly specified. Field study of chacma baboons (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) revealed that contact barks in adult females were motivated by separation both from the group at large and from their dependent infants. A variety of social and ecological factors affect the probability of separation from either one or both. Results of simultaneous observations and a playback experiment indicate that the contact function of calling between mothers and infants was mediated by occasional maternal retrieval rather than coordinated call exchange. Mothers recognized the contact barks of their own infants and often were strongly motivated to locate them. However, mothers did not produce contact barks in reply unless they themselves were at risk of becoming separated from the group. |
|
|
Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, USA. d.rendall@uleth.ca |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0735-7036 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:10739310 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
695 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Hampton, R.R.; Shettleworth, S.J. |
|
|
Title |
Hippocampus and memory in a food-storing and in a nonstoring bird species |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Behavioral neuroscience |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav Neurosci |
|
|
Volume |
110 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
946-964 |
|
|
Keywords ![sorted by Keywords field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Animals; Appetitive Behavior/*physiology; Attention/physiology; Birds/*physiology; Brain Mapping; Feeding Behavior/*physiology; Mental Recall/*physiology; Organ Size/physiology; Orientation/*physiology; Retention (Psychology)/physiology; Species Specificity |
|
|
Abstract |
Food-storing birds maintain in memory a large and constantly changing catalog of the locations of stored food. The hippocampus of food-storing black-capped chickadees (Parus atricapillus) is proportionally larger than that of nonstoring dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis). Chickadees perform better than do juncos in an operant test of spatial non-matching-to-sample (SNMTS), and chickadees are more resistant to interference in this paradigm. Hippocampal lesions attenuate performance in SNMTS and increase interference. In tests of continuous spatial alternation (CSA), juncos perform better than chickadees. CSA performance also declines following hippocampal lesions. By itself, sensitivity of a given task to hippocampal damage does not predict the direction of memory differences between storing and nonstoring species. |
|
|
Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. robert@ln.nimh.nih.gov |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0735-7044 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:8918998 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
375 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Hampton, R.R.; Sherry, D.F.; Shettleworth, S.J.; Khurgel, M.; Ivy, G. |
|
|
Title |
Hippocampal volume and food-storing behavior are related in parids |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Brain, behavior and evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Brain Behav Evol |
|
|
Volume |
45 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
54-61 |
|
|
Keywords ![sorted by Keywords field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Animals; Appetitive Behavior/*physiology; Birds/*anatomy & histology; Brain Mapping; Evolution; Food Preferences/physiology; Hippocampus/*anatomy & histology; Mental Recall/*physiology; Orientation/*physiology; Predatory Behavior/physiology; Social Environment; Species Specificity |
|
|
Abstract |
The size of the hippocampus has been previously shown to reflect species differences and sex differences in reliance on spatial memory to locate ecologically important resources, such as food and mates. Black-capped chickadees (Parus atricapillus) cached more food than did either Mexican chickadees (P. sclateri) or bridled titmice (P. wollweberi) in two tests of food storing, one conducted in an aviary and another in smaller home cages. Black-capped chickadees were also found to have a larger hippocampus, relative to the size of the telencephalon, than the other two species. Differences in the frequency of food storing behavior among the three species have probably produced differences in the use of hippocampus-dependent memory and spatial information processing to recover stored food, resulting in graded selection for size of the hippocampus. |
|
|
Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0006-8977 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:7866771 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
379 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Hampton, R.R.; Shettleworth, S.J. |
|
|
Title |
Hippocampal lesions impair memory for location but not color in passerine birds |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Behavioral neuroscience |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav Neurosci |
|
|
Volume |
110 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
831-835 |
|
|
Keywords ![sorted by Keywords field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Animals; Appetitive Behavior/physiology; Birds/*physiology; Brain Mapping; Color Perception/*physiology; Discrimination Learning/physiology; Hippocampus/*physiology; Long-Term Potentiation/physiology; Mental Recall/*physiology; Orientation/*physiology; Species Specificity |
|
|
Abstract |
The effects of hippocampal complex lesions on memory for location and color were assessed in black-capped chickadees (Parus atricapillus) and dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis) in operant tests of matching to sample. Before surgery, most birds were more accurate on tests of memory for location than on tests of memory for color. Damage to the hippocampal complex caused a decline in memory for location, whereas memory for color was not affected in the same birds. This dissociation indicates that the avian hippocampus plays an important role in spatial cognition and suggests that this brain structure may play no role in working memory generally. |
|
|
Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0735-7044 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:8864273 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
376 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Heffner, R.S.; Heffner, H.E. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
|
|
Title |
Localization of tones by horses: use of binaural cues and the role of the superior olivary complex |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Behavioral Neuroscience |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav Neurosci |
|
|
Volume |
100 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
93-103 |
|
|
Keywords ![sorted by Keywords field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Animals; Auditory Pathways/physiology; Auditory Perception/*physiology; Avoidance Learning/physiology; Brain Mapping; Electroshock; Female; Horses/*physiology; Male; Olivary Nucleus/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Orientation/physiology; Pitch Perception/physiology; Sound Localization/*physiology |
|
|
Abstract |
The ability of horses to use binaural time and intensity difference cues to localize sound was assessed in free-field localization tests by using pure tones. The animals were required to discriminate the locus of a single tone pip ranging in frequency from 250 Hz to 25 kHz emitted by loudspeakers located 30 degrees to the left and right of the animals' midline (60 degrees total separation). Three animals were tested with a two-choice procedure; 2 additional animals were tested with a conditioned avoidance procedure. All 5 animals were able to localize 250 Hz, 500 Hz, and 1 kHz but were completely unable to localize 2 kHz and above. Because the frequency of ambiguity for the binaural phase cue delta phi for horses in this test was calculated to be 1.5 kHz, these results indicate that horses can use binaural time differences in the form of delta phi but are unable to use binaural intensity differences. This finding was supported by an unconditioned orientation test involving 4 additional horses, which showed that horses correctly orient to a 500-Hz tone pip but not to an 8-kHz tone pip. Analysis of the superior olivary complex, the brain stem nucleus at which binaural interactions first take place, reveals that the lateral superior olive (LSO) is relatively small in the horse and lacks the laminar arrangement of bipolar cells characteristic of the LSO of most mammals that can use binaural delta I. |
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0735-7044 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:3954885 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5634 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Gallistel, C.R.; Cramer, A.E. |
|
|
Title |
Computations on metric maps in mammals: getting oriented and choosing a multi-destination route |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1996 |
Publication |
The Journal of Experimental Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Biol |
|
|
Volume |
199 |
Issue |
Pt 1 |
Pages |
211-217 |
|
|
Keywords ![sorted by Keywords field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Animals; Brain/physiology; Cercopithecus aethiops; Cognition/*physiology; Humans; Mammals/*physiology; Movement; Orientation/*physiology; Rats; Space Perception; Visual Pathways/*physiology |
|
|
Abstract |
The capacity to construct a cognitive map is hypothesized to rest on two foundations: (1) dead reckoning (path integration); (2) the perception of the direction and distance of terrain features relative to the animal. A map may be constructed by combining these two sources of positional information, with the result that the positions of all terrain features are represented in the coordinate framework used for dead reckoning. When animals need to become reoriented in a mapped space, results from rats and human toddlers indicate that they focus exclusively on the shape of the perceived environment, ignoring non-geometric features such as surface colors. As a result, in a rectangular space, they are misoriented half the time even when the two ends of the space differ strikingly in their appearance. In searching for a hidden object after becoming reoriented, both kinds of subjects search on the basis of the object's mapped position in the space rather than on the basis of its relationship to a goal sign (e.g. a distinctive container or nearby marker), even though they have demonstrably noted the relationship between the goal and the goal sign. When choosing a multidestination foraging route, vervet monkeys look at least three destinations ahead, even though they are only capable of keeping a maximum of six destinations in mind at once. |
|
|
Address |
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, USA |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0022-0949 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:8576692 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2757 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Chiandetti, C.; Regolin, L.; Sovrano, V.A.; Vallortigara, G. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
|
|
Title |
Spatial reorientation: the effects of space size on the encoding of landmark and geometry information |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
|
|
Volume |
10 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
159-168 |
|
|
Keywords ![sorted by Keywords field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Animals; Chickens/*physiology; *Feeding Behavior; Male; Orientation/*physiology; Pattern Recognition, Visual/*physiology; *Space Perception |
|
|
Abstract |
The effects of the size of the environment on animals' spatial reorientation was investigated. Domestic chicks were trained to find food in a corner of either a small or a large rectangular enclosure. A distinctive panel was located at each of the four corners of the enclosures. After removal of the panels, chicks tested in the small enclosure showed better retention of geometrical information than chicks tested in the large enclosure. In contrast, after changing the enclosure from a rectangular-shaped to a square-shaped one, chicks tested in the large enclosure showed better retention of landmark (panels) information than chicks tested in the small enclosure. No differences in the encoding of the overall arrangement of landmarks were apparent when chicks were tested for generalisation in an enclosure differing from that of training in size together with a transformation (affine transformation) that altered the geometric relations between the target and the shape of the environment. These findings suggest that primacy of geometric or landmark information in reorientation tasks depends on the size of the experimental space, likely reflecting a preferential use of the most reliable source of information available during visual exploration of the environment. |
|
|
Address |
Department of Psychology and B.R.A.I.N. Centre for Neuroscience, University of Trieste, Via S. Anastasio 12, 34123, Trieste, Italy. cchiandetti@univ.trieste.it |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
1435-9448 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:17136416 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2433 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Petruso, E.J.; Fuchs, T.; Bingman, V.P. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
|
|
Title |
Time-space learning in homing pigeons (Columba livia): orientation to an artificial light source |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
|
|
Volume |
10 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
181-188 |
|
|
Keywords ![sorted by Keywords field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Animals; Circadian Rhythm; Columbidae/*physiology; Homing Behavior/physiology; Learning/*physiology; *Light; Orientation/*physiology; Space Perception/*physiology; Time Perception/*physiology |
|
|
Abstract |
Time-space learning reflects an ability to represent in memory event-stimulus properties together with the place and time of the event; a capacity well developed in birds. Homing pigeons were trained in an indoor octagonal arena to locate one food goal in the morning and a different food goal in the late afternoon. The goals differed with respect to their angular/directional relationship to an artificial light source located outside the arena. Further, the angular difference in reward position approximated the displacement of the sun's azimuth that would occur during the same time period. The experimental birds quickly learned the task, demonstrating the apparent ease with which birds can adopt an artificial light source to discriminate among alternative spatial responses at different times of the day. However, a novel midday probe session following successful learning revealed that the light source was interpreted as a stable landmark and not as a surrogate sun that would support compass orientation. Probe sessions following a phase shift of the light-dark cycle revealed that the mechanism employed to make the temporal discrimination was prevailingly based on an endogenous circadian rhythm and not an interval timing mechanism. |
|
|
Address |
Department of Psychology and J.P. Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind and Behavior Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
1435-9448 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:17160343 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2432 |
|
Permanent link to this record |