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Author | Doré,F.Y.; Fiset,S.; Goulet,S.; Dumans,M.-C.; Gagnon,S. | ||||
Title | Search behavior in cats and dogs Interspecific differences in working memory and spatial cognition | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1996 | Publication | Animal Learning & Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Anim Learn. & Behav. |
Volume | 24 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 142-149 |
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Abstract | Cats and dogs search behavior was compared in different problems where an object was visibly moved behind a screen that was then visibly moved to a new position. In Experiments 1 (cats) and 2 (dogs), one group was tested with identical screens and the other group was tested with dissimilar screens. Results showed that in both species, search behavior was based on processing of spatial information rather than on recognition of the visual features of the target screen. Cats and dogs were unable to find the object by inferring its invisible movement. They reached a high level of success only if there was direct perceptual evidence that the object could not be at its initial position. When the position change was indicated by an indirect cue, cats searched more at the object`s initial than final position, whereas dogs searched equally at both positions. Interspecific similarities and differences are interpreted in terms of the requirements for resetting working memory. |
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 537 | ||
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Author | SYLVAIN GAGNON,FRANCOISY. DORE | ||||
Title | Search behavior of dogs (Canis familiaris) in invisible displacement problems | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1993 | Publication | Animal Learning & Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Anim Learn. & Behav. |
Volume | 21 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 246-254 |
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Abstract | Gagnon and Dor (1992) showed that domestic dogs are able to solve a Piagetian object permanence task called the invisible displacement problem. A toy is hidden in a container which is moved behind a screen where the toy is removed and left. Dogs make more errors in these problems than they do in visible displacement tests, in which the object is hidden directly behind the target screen. In Experiment 1, we examinedcomponents ofthe standard procedure of invisible displacements that may make encoding or retention of the hiding location more difficult than it is in visible displacements. In Experiment 2, we compared dogs performances in visible and invisible displacement problems when delays of 0, 10, and 20 sec were introduced between the objects final disappearance and the subjects release. The results revealed that dogs poorer performance in invisible displacement tests is related to the complex sequence of events that have to be encoded or remembered as well as to a difficulty in representing the position change that is signaled, but not directly perceived. |
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 538 | ||
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Author | ANGLE M, et al | ||||
Title | Androgenes in feral stallions | Type | Conference Volume | ||
Year | 1979 | Publication | Symposium on the Ecology and Behavior of wild and feral Equids | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 31-38 | ||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Laramie | Editor | ||
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Notes | from Prof. Hans Klingels Equine Reference List | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 641 | ||
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Author | Kavaliers, M.; Colwell, D.D.; Choleris, E. | ||||
Title | Kinship, familiarity and social status modulate social learning about “micropredators” (biting flies) in deer mice | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. |
Volume | 58 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 60-71 |
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 710 | ||
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Author | Treichler, F.R.; Van Tilburg, D. | ||||
Title | Concurrent Conditional Discrimination Tests of Transitive Inference by Macaque Monkeys: List Linking | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1996 | Publication | Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes | Abbreviated Journal | J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
Volume | 22 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 105-117 |
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Abstract | Processing of serial information was assessed by training six macaques on a five-item list of objects arranged into the four conditional pairs, A-B+, B-C+, C-D+, and D-E+. An analogous list (F through J) was similarly trained. Subsequently, both lists were linked by training on E-F+, a pair that provided adjacent elements from each list. Then, all unique and trained object pairs from both lists were presented as a test. Results indicated that the objects were retained as a single, linearly organized list with choice accuracy directly related to interitem distance between paired objects. A second experiment explored the consequences of incidence of conflicting information on list organization. In both experiments, selections depended on representational processes and supported the view that monkeys and pigeons retain serial lists in qualitatively different ways. | ||||
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 718 | ||
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Author | Byrne, R.W. | ||||
Title | Imitation of novel complex actions: What does the evidence from animals mean? | Type | Book Chapter | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Advances in the Study of Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Adv Stud Behav |
Volume | 31 | Issue | Pages | 77-105 | |
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Abstract | Summary Underlying the various behaviors that are classified as imitation, there may be several distinct mechanisms, differing in adaptive function, cognitive basis, and computational power. Experiments reporting “true motor imitation” in animals do not as yet give evidence of production learning by imitation; instead, contextual imitation can explain their data, and this can be explained by a simple mechanism (response facilitation) which matches known neural findings. When imitation serves a function in social mimicry, which applies to a wide range of phenomena from neonatal imitation in humans and great apes to pair-bonding in some bird species, the fidelity of the behavioral match is crucial. Learning of novel behavior can potentially be achieved by matching the outcome of a model's action, and it is argued that vocal imitation by birds is a clear example of this method (which is sometimes called emulation). Alternatively, the behavior itself may be perceived in terms of actions that the observer can perform, and thus it may be copied. If the imitation is linear and stringlike (action level), following the surface form rather than the underlying plan, then its utility for learning new instrumental methods is limited. However, the underlying plan of hierarchically organized behavior is visible in output behavior, in subtle but detectable ways, and imitation could instead be based on this organization (program level), extracted automatically by string parsing. Currently, the most likely candidates for such capacities are all great apes. It is argued that this ability to perceive the underlying plan of action, in addition to allowing highly flexible imitation of novel instrumental methods, may have resulted in the competence to understand the intentions (theory of mind) of others. | ||||
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Publisher | Academic Press | Place of Publication | San Diego | Editor | Snowdon, C. T.; Roper, T. J.;Rosenblatt,J. S. |
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 746 | ||
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Author | Berger, J. | ||||
Title | Organizational systems and dominance in feral horses in the Grand Canyon | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1977 | Publication | Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. |
Volume | 2 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 131-146 |
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Abstract | 1. Several aspects of the behavioral ecology of feral horses (Equus caballus) were studied in Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA. Most bands contained three to five horses that included one stallion and his harem. Males that did not obtain a harem remained solitary. Throughout the study bands remained stable in composition. 2. Home ranges for all bands decreased in size in successive warm months, probably due to increased ambient temperature and drought. This resulted in greater utilization of spring areas that led to increased interband confrontation and agonistic display. 3. Territoriality was not observed in individual horses or bands, but bands hierarchial in both inter- and intraband structures. Interband stallion dominance was reinforced through posturing and fighting. Intraband hierarchies, as determined by dominance coefficients, were independent of individual size in three of four bands. 4. Indexes of nervousness (NER), calculated while horses were drinking, showed that stallions were less nervous than mares. A low NER was correlated with individuals leading toward drinking areas, whereas a high NER existed in individuals initiating flight although no single horse acted consistently as a leader. 5. Diurnal activity patterns were correlated with ambient temperatures. |
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 748 | ||
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Author | Dugatkin, L.A. | ||||
Title | Winner and loser effects and the structure of dominance hierarchies | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Behavioral Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Ecol. |
Volume | 8 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 583-587 |
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Abstract | In the literature on dominance hierarchies, “winner” and “loser” effects usually are denned as an increased probability of winning at time T, bated on victories at time T-l, T-2, etc, and an increased probability of losing at time T, based on losing at T-1, T-2, etc., respectively. Despite some early theoretical work on winner and loser effects, these factors and how they affect the structure of dominance hierarchies have not been examined in detail. I developed a computer simulation to examine winner and loser effects when such effects are independent of one another (as well as when they interact) and when combatants assess each other's resource-holding power. When winner effects alone were important, a hierarchy in which all individuals held an unambiguous rank was found. When only loser effects were important, a dear alpha individual always emerged, but the rank of others in the group was often unclear because of the scarcity of aggressive interactions. Increasing winner effects for a given value of the loser effect increase the number of individuals with unambiguous positions in a hierarchy and the converse is true for increasing the value of the loser effect for a given winner effect Although winner and loser effects have been documented in a number of species, no study has documented both winner and loser effects (using some controlled, pairwise testing system) and the detailed nature of behavioral interactions when individuals are in groups. I hope the results of this model will spur such studies in the future. | ||||
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Notes | 10.1093/beheco/8.6.583 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 759 | ||
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Author | Cant, M.A.; Field, J. | ||||
Title | Helping effort in a dominance hierarchy | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Behavioral Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Ecol. |
Volume | 16 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 708-715 |
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Abstract | In many cooperatively breeding species, group members form a dominance hierarchy or queue to inherit the position of breeder. Models aimed at understanding individual variation in helping behavior, however, rarely take into account the effect of dominance rank on expected future reproductive success and thus the potential direct fitness costs of helping. Here we develop a kin-selection model of helping behavior in multimember groups in which only the highest ranking individual breeds. Each group member can invest in the dominant's offspring at a cost to its own survivorship. The model predicts that lower ranked subordinates, who have a smaller probability of inheriting the group, should work harder than higher ranked subordinates. This prediction holds regardless of whether the intrinsic mortality rate of subordinates increases or decreases with rank. The prediction does not necessarily hold, however, where the costs of helping are higher for lower ranked individuals: a situation that may be common in vertebrates. The model makes two further testable predictions: that the helping effort of an individual of given rank should be lower in larger groups, and the reproductive success of dominants should be greater where group members are more closely related. Empirical evidence for these predictions is discussed. We argue that the effects of rank on stable helping effort may explain why attempts to correlate individual helping effort with relatedness in cooperatively breeding species have met with limited success. | ||||
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Notes | 10.1093/beheco/ari051 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 760 | ||
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Author | Vahl, W.K.; Lok, T.; van der Meer, J.; Piersma, T.; Weissing, F.J. | ||||
Title | Spatial clumping of food and social dominance affect interference competition among ruddy turnstones | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Behavioral Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Ecol. |
Volume | 16 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 834-844 |
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Abstract | In studying the success of foraging animals, studies of interference competition have put emphasis on effects of competitor density, whereas studies of resource defense have focused on the effects of the spatial distribution of food within patches. Very few studies have looked at both factors simultaneously, that is, determined whether the effects of competitor density on foraging success depend on the spatial distribution of food. We studied the behavior and the foraging success of ruddy turnstones (Arenaria interpres) using an experiment in which we varied both the presence of a competitor and the food distribution. Because turnstones may differ strongly in their relative dominance status, we also experimentally varied the foragers' relative dominance status. We found that the presence of a competitor only reduced the foraging success of subordinate birds foraging at the clumped food distribution. At this condition, dominant and subordinate birds differed markedly in their foraging success. Contrary to our expectations, we did not observe more agonistic behavior at the clumped food distribution. This indicates that the amount of agonistic behavior observed may be a bad indicator of interference effects. These findings have specific implications for models of interference competition. Most notably they show that the effects of competitor density on agonistic behavior and foraging success may well depend on the spatial distribution of food and the foragers' relative dominance status. Additionally, our results suggest that social dominance will not be fully understood without considering long-term processes such as the formation and maintenance of social dominance hierarchies. | ||||
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Notes | 10.1093/beheco/ari067 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 761 | ||
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