Records |
Author |
Oakenfull, E.A.; Ryder, O.A. |
Title |
Mitochondrial control region and 12S rRNA variation in Przewalski's horse (Equus przewalskii) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Animal Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim Genet |
Volume |
29 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
456-459 |
Keywords ![sorted by Keywords field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Animals; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics; Female; *Genetic Variation; Horses/*genetics; Male; Pedigree; RNA, Ribosomal/*genetics |
Abstract |
Variation in the control region and the 12S rRNA gene of all surviving mitochondrial lineages of Przewalski's horse was investigated. Variation is low despite the present day population being descended from 13 individuals probably representing animals from three different regions of its range. Phylogenetic comparison of these sequences, with sequences for the domestic horse, does not resolve the ancestral status of either horse. |
Address |
Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species, Zoological Society of San Diego, CA 92112, USA |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0268-9146 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:9883508 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5040 |
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Author |
Breen, M.; Downs, P.; Irvin, Z.; Bell, K. |
Title |
Intrageneric amplification of horse microsatellite markers with emphasis on the Przewalski's horse (E. przewalskii) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim Genet |
Volume |
25 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
401-405 |
Keywords ![sorted by Keywords field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Animals; DNA, Satellite/*genetics; *Gene Amplification; Gene Frequency; *Genetic Markers; Heterozygote; Horses/*genetics; Species Specificity |
Abstract |
Primer sequences flanking 13 microsatellite loci isolated from the domestic horse (E. caballus) were successfully used to amplify homologous loci in the Przewalski's horse (E. przewalskii). The results demonstrate that the level of polymorphism at all 13 loci in the Przewalski's horse was comparable to that in the domestic horse and the overall exclusion probability in the Przewalski's horse was calculated to be 0.9994. The results suggest that it should be possible to use E. caballus-derived microsatellite markers to provide parentage verification and additional valuable information to the captive management of E. przewalskii. The ability to amplify corresponding loci in the remaining five species of the genus was also confirmed, illustrating the general application of markers isolated from the domestic horse to the evaluation of polymorphism in the other six species of the genus. |
Address |
Australian Equine Blood Typing Research Laboratory, University of Queensland, St Lucia |
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English |
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ISSN |
0268-9146 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:7695120 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2246 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Burke, D.; Cieplucha, C.; Cass, J.; Russell, F.; Fry, G. |
Title |
Win-shift and win-stay learning in the short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
Volume |
5 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
79-84 |
Keywords ![sorted by Keywords field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Animals; Echidna/*psychology; Ecology; Female; *Learning; *Memory; *Predatory Behavior; Reinforcement (Psychology) |
Abstract |
Numerous previous investigators have explained species differences in spatial memory performance in terms of differences in foraging ecology. In three experiments we attempted to extend these findings by examining the extent to which the spatial memory performance of echidnas (or “spiny anteaters”) can be understood in terms of the spatio-temporal distribution of their prey (ants and termites). This is a species and a foraging situation that have not been examined in this way before. Echidnas were better able to learn to avoid a previously rewarding location (to “win-shift”) than to learn to return to a previously rewarding location (to “win-stay”), at short retention intervals, but were unable to learn either of these strategies at retention intervals of 90 min. The short retention interval results support the ecological hypothesis, but the long retention interval results do not. |
Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. darren_burke@uow.edu.au |
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ISSN |
1435-9448 |
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Notes |
PMID:12150039 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2605 |
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Author |
Feh, C.; Munkhtuya, B. |
Title |
Male infanticide and paternity analyses in a socially natural herd of Przewalski`s horses: Sexual selection? |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
Volume |
78 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
335-339 |
Keywords ![sorted by Keywords field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
DNA paternity analysis; Human disturbance; Male infanticide; Przewalski's horse (Equus ferus przewalskii); Sexual selection |
Abstract |
The sexual selection hypothesis explains infanticide by males in many mammals. In our 11-year study, we investigated this hypothesis in a herd of Przewalski's horses where we had witnessed infanticidal attacks. Infanticide was highly conditional and not simply linked to takeovers. Attacks occurred in only five of 39 cases following a takeover, and DNA paternity revealed that, although infanticidal stallions were not the genetic fathers in four cases out of five, stallions present at birth did not significantly attempt to kill unrelated foals. Infanticide did not reduce birth intervals; only in one case out of five was the infanticidal stallion, the father of the next foal; mothers whose foals were attacked subsequently avoided associating with infanticidal stallions. Therefore, evidence for the sexual selection hypothesis was weak. The “human disturbance” hypothesis received some support, as only zoo bred stallions which grew up in unnatural social groups attacked foals of mares which were pregnant during takeovers. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4632 |
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Author |
Kavar, T.; Dovc, P. |
Title |
Domestication of the horse: Genetic relationships between domestic and wild horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Livestock Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
116 |
Issue |
1-3 |
Pages |
1-14 |
Keywords ![sorted by Keywords field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Equus caballus; Domestication; Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA); Y chromosome markers |
Abstract |
To date, a large amount of equine genetic data has been obtained regarding (i) extant domestic horses of various breeds from all over the world, (ii) ancient domestic horses, (iii) the extant Przewalski's wild horse, and (iv) the late Pleistocene wild horse from Eurasia and North America. Here, a review of mtDNA and Y chromosome marker analyses is presented in the context of horse domestication. High matrilineal (mtDNA) diversity, which can be found in both extant and ancient (domestic and wild) horses, has suggested that a high number of wild (and tamed) mares were domesticated. Alternatively, Y chromosome marker analysis revealed a single haplotype in all domestic horses analyzed; interestingly even a small population of extant Przewalski's wild horses showed two different Y chromosome haplotypes. It seems that an extreme male population bottleneck occurred due to domestication, while reduction in the female population was only moderate, leaving about 100 distinct haplotypes. For this reason, we speculate that domestication might have started when the appropriate stallion was found or was obtained by selection. Perhaps it had some unusual but special characteristics which could have accelerated the process of domestication. We doubt that only a single Y chromosome haplotype will be found in present-day domestic horses if there are no important differences between the founder stallion/s and the other stallions that were not included in the domestication. In the Eneolithic, tamed and wild mares have probably been spread all over Eurasia, although the number of animals was most likely very low and the populations were limited to a restricted area (e.g., taming centers). Only two subspecies of wild horses (Tarpan and Przewalski's wild horse) have survived up to recently. During the further process of domestication, mares (tamed or wild) were preferentially crossed to stallions having more desirable characteristics. We assume that mares from different regions varied in their morphology due to adaptation to their local environmental conditions. These data might explain rapid expansion of horse populations, as well as their rapid differentiation into various phenotypes during the early phase of domestication. |
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1871-1413 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4771 |
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Author |
Machmoum, M.; Badaoui, B.; Petit, D.; Germot, A.; El Alaoui, M.A.; Boujenane, I.; Piro, M. |
Title |
Genetic Diversity and Maternal Phylogenetic Relationships among Populations and Strains of Arabian Show Horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2023 |
Publication |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords ![sorted by Keywords field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
genetic variability; whole D-loop mitochondrial DNA; desert-bred; straight Egyptian; Polish Arabian; traditional Arabian horse classification |
Abstract |
Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships within the Arabian show horse populations are of particular interest to breeders worldwide. Using the complete mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequence (916 pb), this study aimed (i) to understand the genetic relationship between three populations, the Desert-Bred (DB), a subset of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Bahrain (BAH), the Straight Egyptian (EG) and the Polish bloodline (PL), and (ii) to assess the accuracy of the traditional strain classification system based on maternal lines, as stated by the Bedouin culture. To that end, we collected 211 hair samples from stud farms renowned for breeding Arabian show horses from Nejd KSA, Bahrain, Egypt, Qatar, Morocco, UAE, and Poland. The phylogenetic and network analyses of the whole mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequence highlighted a great genetic diversity among the Arabian horse populations, in which about 75% of variance was assigned to populations and 25% to strains. The discriminant analysis of principal components illustrated a relative distinction between those populations. A clear subdivision between traditional strains was found in PL, in contrast to the situation of DB and EG populations. However, several Polish horse individuals could not be traced back to the Bedouin tribes by historical documentation and were shown to differ genetically from other studied Bedouin strains, hence motivating extended investigations. |
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Animals |
Series Volume |
13 |
Series Issue |
12 |
Edition |
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ISSN |
2076-2615 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6709 |
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Author |
Piro, M.; Benjouad, A.; Karom, A.; Nabich, A.; Benbihi, N.; El Allali, K.; Machmoum, M.; Ouragh, L. |
Title |
Genetic Structure of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Carrier Horses in Morocco Inferred by Microsatellite Data |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Equine Vet. Sci. |
Volume |
31 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
618-624 |
Keywords ![sorted by Keywords field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Scid; Arab horses; Arab-Barb horses; Microsatellite; Dna; Genetic structure |
Abstract |
A total of 17 microsatellite deoxyribonucleic acid loci used routinely for horse parentage control were used to evaluate genetic diversity among normal Arabian horses and severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) carrier Arabian horses (ArS) and normal Arab-Barb horses and SCID carrier Arab-Barb horses (ArbeS). On the basis of the genotype of 186 horses, mean allelic diversity was estimated as 6.82, 5.53, and 6.7059 in normal Arabian horses, ArS, and for both groups of Arab-Barb horses, respectively. Five specific alleles were observed in ArS and ArbeS, with one common with ArS at HMS6, whereas five alleles common between ArS and ArbeS had a high frequency. Expected and observed heterozygosity showed great heterogeneity in the population studied and were similar or higher when compared with other studies on Arabian horses. Coefficient of gene differentiation Gst of Nei associated with Nei's genetic distance and multivariate correspondence analysis indicated a possible differentiation between the studied populations when analyzed separately according to breed. Probability of assignment of a horse to a specific group was assessed using a full and partial Bayesian approach. In all, 80.6% of Arab horses and 78.2% of Arab-Barb horses were assigned properly with a partial Bayesian test, which provided better results than the full one. These findings will be useful for identification of SCID carrier horses by using the microsatellite deoxyribonucleic acid loci used routinely for horse parentage control in our laboratory. |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0737-0806 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6657 |
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