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Author Broucek, J.; Ksac, P.; Uhrincat, M. openurl 
  Title The effect of sire line on learning and locomotor behaviour of heifers Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Czech Journal of Animal Science Abbreviated Journal Czech J. Anim. Sci  
  Volume 48 Issue Pages 387-394  
  Keywords (up) heifers; sire; maze; open-field test; repeatability; learning; locomotor behaviour relationship  
  Abstract ABSTRACT: e aim of this study was to test the effect of sire line on maze learning ability and locomotor behaviour

in open-field tests of heifers, consistency over the time of grid crossing and relationship between the time of traversing the maze and grid crossings in open-field tests, respectively. We analysed the results of ethological tests for 54 Holstein heifers that descended from 7 sires. Maze behaviour was observed at the age of 15 weeks, an open-field test was applied at two age periods, 16 weeks and 18 months. We found out highly significant differences in the time of traversing the maze between heifers of different sire origin (P < 0.01). &#57426;e number of grid crossings over the five minutes of the open-field test did not differ between the daughters of the age of 16 weeks and 18 months. Repeatability between the number of grid crossings at the age of 16 weeks and 18 months was proved by significant correlation (r = 0.2713*). On the contrary, significant relationships between the times of traversing the maze and locomotor behaviour in the open-field test (r =-0.3739*) were found only when the sequence of observations followed

after a week pause (age of 15 and 16 weeks).
 
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4322  
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Author Marinier, S.L.; Alexander, A.J. url  openurl
  Title The use of a maze in testing learning and memory in horses Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.  
  Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 177-182  
  Keywords (up) Horses; Learning; Memory; Maze; Exercise  
  Abstract Two mazes were used to test the learning ability and memory of horses, and changes in these abilities. Testing was done on four occasions. On Occasion 1, the horses were run through Maze A until they had reached the criterion of three consecutive correct runs. A week later (Occasion 2), they were retested in Maze A to the same criterion as a measure of memory. On Occasion 3,2 months later, the horses were run through Mazes A and B until they reached the criterion. Occasion 4 took place 1 week later when they were run through Mazes A and B. An estimation of changes in ability to learn came from a comparison of results from Occasions 1 and 3. Similarly, changes in ability to remember came from a comparison of results from Occasions 2 and 4. Nine horses with a variable amount of riding training were the subjects. All horses were able to learn the maze, but the ability varied among horses. There was no obvious correlation between quality of handling of the horses and learning ability. Once the horses had learned the maze, they remembered it perfectly on subsequent occasions. There were changes in the memory and learning ability of the horses, but no clear explanation for this could be found.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3573  
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Author Bosch, O.J.; Nair, H.P.; Ahern, T.H.; Neumann, I.D.; Young, L.J. doi  openurl
  Title The CRF System Mediates Increased Passive Stress-Coping Behavior Following the Loss of a Bonded Partner in a Monogamous Rodent Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Abbreviated Journal Neuropsychopharmacology  
  Volume 34 Issue 6 Pages 1406-1415  
  Keywords (up) prairie vole; passive stress-coping; forced swim test; tail suspension test; elevated plus-maze; hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis  
  Abstract Social relationships significantly influence physiology and behavior, including the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis, anxiety, and mental

health. Disruption of social bonds through separation or death often results in profound grieving, depression, and physical illness. As the

monogamous prairie vole forms enduring, selective pair bonds with the mating partner, they provide an animal model to study the

physiological consequences of pair bonding and, thus, the loss of the bonded partner. Male prairie voles were paired with a novel female

or male sibling. After 5 days, half of the males of each group were separated from the partner. Elevated plus-maze, forced swim, and tail

suspension tests were used to assess anxiety-like and passive stress-coping behaviors indicative of depressive-like behavior. Following 4

days of separation from the female but not the male partner, experimental males displayed increased passive stress-coping. This effect

was abolished by long-term intracerebroventricular infusion of a nonselective corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor antagonist

without disrupting the bond itself. Both CRF type 1 and 2 receptors were involved in the emergence of passive stress-coping behavior.

Furthermore, pairing with a female was associated with elevated CRF mRNA in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and partner loss

elicited a pronounced increase in circulating corticosteroid and adrenal weight. We speculate that the CRF system may mediate an

aversive affect following separation from the female partner, which may facilitate proximity seeking between the pair-bonded individuals.

Hence, the prairie vole model may provide insights into brain mechanisms involved in the psychopathological consequences of partner

loss.
 
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  Publisher American College of Neuropsychopharmacology Place of Publication Editor  
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  ISSN 0893-133x ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5731  
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Author Barnard, C.J.; Luo, N. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Acquisition of dominance status affects maze learning in mice Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages 53-59  
  Keywords (up) Social status; Learning; Radial maze; Mouse  
  Abstract Learning is likely to be costly and thus subject to trade-off with other components of life history. An obvious prediction, therefore, is that investment in learning, and thus learning performance, will vary with individual life history strategy and the reproductive value of the learning outcome. We tested this idea in the context of social dominance in male laboratory mice, using a simple radial maze paradigm to compare the ability of high- and low-ranking male mice to track changing food location. We tested animals in randomly selected pairs before and after establishing aggressive rank relationships to distinguish intrinsic differences in learning ability from those attributable to acquiring high or low rank. There was no difference in learning between later dominants and subordinates prior to establishing rank relationships. After pairing, however, dominants showed a significantly greater percentage of correct responses, with the difference being greatest earlier in a sequence of trials. The percentage of correct responses also increased with the amount of aggression initiated during pairing. The results thus appeared to reflect a state-dependent change in learning associated with the aggressive social relationships formed during pairing.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2075  
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