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Author Kobayashi, K.; Jackowiak, H.; Frackowiak, H.; Yoshimura, K.; Kumakura, M.; Kobayashi, K.
Title Comparative morphological study on the tongue and lingual papillae of horses (Perissodactyla) and selected ruminantia (Artiodactyla) Type Journal Article
Year 2005 Publication Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology = Archivio Italiano di Anatomia ed Embriologia Abbreviated Journal Ital J Anat Embryol
Volume 110 Issue 2 Suppl 1 Pages 55-63
Keywords (up) Animals; Artiodactyla/*anatomy & histology/physiology; Cattle; Connective Tissue/physiology/ultrastructure; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Goats/anatomy & histology/physiology; Horses/anatomy & histology/physiology; Mastication/physiology; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Perissodactyla/*anatomy & histology/physiology; Tongue/physiology/*ultrastructure
Abstract A common characteristic of horses, Rocky Mountain goats, and cattle is that they all have a well developed lingual prominence on the dorsal surface of the posterior area of the tongue. Foliate papillae were found in the horse studied but not in the goat or in cattle. The horse filiform papillae had a long and slender external form with a thin and slender CTC, while in the goat and cattle the external form consisted of a large thick main process and the CTC consisted of a bundle of numerous rod-shaped protrusions. The special papilla found on the lingual prominence resembled larger filiform-like papillae in the horses; however, in the goat and cattle it was a very thick and large tongue like papillae. The horses had two large vallate papillae, while the goat and cattle had 15 or more vallate papillae at the posterior area of the lingual prominence. This suggests that the fine structure of horse tongues may display a more primitive pattern than that present in goats and cattle.
Address Department of Anatomy, School of Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, Niigata, Japan. kobayashi@ngt.ndu.ac.jp
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ISSN 1122-6714 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:16101021 Approved no
Call Number Serial 1887
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Author Pitchford, R.J.; Visser, P.S.; du Toit, J.F.; de Pienaar, U.V.; Young, E.
Title Observations on the ecology of Schistosoma mattheei Veglia & Le Roux, 1929, in portion of the Kruger National Park and surrounding area using a new quantitative technique for egg output Type Journal Article
Year 1973 Publication Journal of the South African Veterinary Association Abbreviated Journal J S Afr Vet Assoc
Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 405-420
Keywords (up) Animals; Artiodactyla; Buffaloes; Cattle; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology; Dog Diseases/epidemiology; Dogs; Feces; Goats; Haplorhini; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses; Humans; Methods; Monkey Diseases/epidemiology; Papio; Parasite Egg Count; Schistosomiasis/epidemiology/*veterinary; Sheep; Sheep Diseases/epidemiology; South Africa; Swine; Swine Diseases/epidemiology
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 1019-9128 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:4212207 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2711
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Author Rumiantsev, S.N.
Title [Biological function of Clostridium tetani toxin (ecological and evolutionary aspects)] Type Journal Article
Year 1973 Publication Zhurnal Evoliutsionnoi Biokhimii i Fiziologii Abbreviated Journal Zh Evol Biokhim Fiziol
Volume 9 Issue 5 Pages 474-480
Keywords (up) Animals; Cats; Chickens; Dogs; Ecology; Evolution; Goats; Guinea Pigs; Haplorhini; Horses; Insectivora; Mice; Perissodactyla; Rabbits; Rats; Sheep; *Tetanus Toxin
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Language Russian Summary Language Original Title K voprosu biologicheskoi funktsii toksina Clostridium tetani (ekologicheskie i evolutsionnye aspekty
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0044-4529 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:4203684 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2713
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Author Bell, F.R.
Title Sleep in the larger domesticated animals Type Journal Article
Year 1972 Publication Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine Abbreviated Journal Proc R Soc Med
Volume 65 Issue 2 Pages 176-177
Keywords (up) Animals; Cattle/*physiology; Dreams; Electroencephalography; Goats/*physiology; Horses/*physiology; Posture; Sheep/*physiology; *Sleep; Sleep, REM
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 0035-9157 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:4343589 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2826
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Author Hoogstraal, H.; Dhanda, V.; Bhat, H.R.
Title Haemaphysalis (Kaiseriana) davisi sp. n. (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), a parasite of domestic and wild mammals in Northeastern India, Sikkim, and Burma Type Journal Article
Year 1970 Publication The Journal of Parasitology Abbreviated Journal J Parasitol
Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 588-595
Keywords (up) Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases/etiology; Deer; Ecology; Goats; Horse Diseases/etiology; Horses; India; Mammals; Myanmar; Sheep; Sheep Diseases/etiology; Tick Infestations; Ticks/*classification/isolation & purification
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 0022-3395 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:4246255 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2736
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Author Dorzh, C.; Minar, J.
Title Warble flies of the families Oestridae and Gasterophilidae (Diptera) found in the Mongolian People's Republic Type Journal Article
Year 1971 Publication Folia Parasitologica Abbreviated Journal Folia Parasitol (Praha)
Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages 161-164
Keywords (up) Animals; Deer; Diptera/*classification; Duodenum; Ecology; Ectoparasitic Infestations/*veterinary; Goats; Horses; Larva; Mongolia; Nasal Mucosa; Nasopharynx; Pharynx; Sheep
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 0015-5683 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:5163213 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2731
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Author Keil, N.M., Sambraus, H.H.
Title “Intervenors” in agonistic interactions amongst domesticated goats Type Journal Article
Year 1998 Publication Zeitschrift fur Säugetierkunde Abbreviated Journal Z. Säugetierk.
Volume 63 Issue 5 Pages 266-272
Keywords (up) Behaviour; Domestication; Goat; Intervention; Rank order
Abstract Social behaviour was observed in individually marked goats in two herds. The goats from one herd (n = 98) were horned, those of the other herd (n = 83) were polled. By recording agonistic interactions within the herds, a dominance index was determined for each animal. In both herds, intervention took place. Intervention is defined as one animal pushing in between two fighters, and thus ending the fight. More cases of intervention took place per individual animal amongst the horned goats than amongst the polled ones. Goats which intervened in fights on several occasions usually had a high dominance index. Members of the herd which were observed intervening only once had an average dominance index in both herds of almost 0.5. In some cases, goats very low in the rank order intervened a fight. Only rarely did the intervenors have a lower dominance index than the two fighters. In 103 cases, the direct dominance relationship between a fighting animal and the intervenor was known. In 95 cases (92.2%), the intervenor was dominant to the herd member in this fight and in just eight cases (7.8%), it was subordinate. It could not be determined what advantage the intervenor gained from its activity. It is possible that, at least in certain cases, a particularly relationship existed between the intervenor and one of the fighters.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5236
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Author Langbein, J.; Puppe, B.
Title Analysing dominance relationships by sociometric methods--a plea for a more standardised and precise approach in farm animals Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 87 Issue 3-4 Pages 293-315
Keywords (up) Dominance; Dyads; Social hierarchy; Sociometric measures; Pig; Dwarf goat
Abstract Social dominance is a multidimensional phenomenon occurring in all gregarious farm animals and finds its reflection in a dominance hierarchy. Hence, numerous studies have tried to analyse dominance relationships as well as to correlate outcoming results (mostly individual ranks) with other behavioural and/or physiological features of the animals. Although the concept of dominance, once established, has been developed continuously and several sociometric measures were cumulatively introduced, a consistent analysing approach has not been achieved, especially in farm animals. Thus, considerable inconsistencies in the used methodology may impair obtained results and interpretations. The present paper is a plea for a more standardised and complex approach when analysing dominance relationships, not only in farm animals. First, derived from a structural definition of dominance, we suggest in detail the preferably consistent use of appropriate sociometric measures at all social levels of analysis: the dyad as the starting level, the group as the highest level, and the individual as the basic level. Second, we applied this procedures in a case study to analyse social dominance in a group of dwarf goats (n=12) and pigs (n=10), respectively, to comparatively demonstrate benefits and problems of such an approach in two different farm animal species. It is concluded that the use of individual ranks is actually only reasonable when fundamental sociometric measures both at the dyadic level (e.g. percentage of dyads which have a significant asymmetric outcome) and at the group level (e.g. the strength of hierarchy) are successfully tested by statistical methods as also presented in this paper. The calculated sociometric measures deliver not only a more comprehensive “picture” of the social relationships within a group as simple ranks do, but also indicate possible reasons of differences in the behavioural development. For instance, whereas the dwarf goats maintained a quasi-linear dominance hierarchy over time with a high rate of overt agonistic behaviour, pigs after the establishment of their hierarchy showed a reduced agonistic behaviour which makes it questionable to calculate reliable sociometric measures. These species-dependent variations may be primarily caused by different kinds of the fighting behaviour in goats (i.e. ritualised, low costs) and pigs (i.e. more seriously, high costs). Overall, a more consistent and standardised approach of analysing social dominance in (farm) animals may improve the scientific value of single studies and makes it easier to compare various studies within a species and between species.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2141
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Author Langbein, J.; Siebert, K.; Nuernberg, G.; Manteuffel, G.
Title The impact of acoustical secondary reinforcement during shape discrimination learning of dwarf goats (Capra hircus) Type Journal Article
Year 2007 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 103 Issue 1-2 Pages 35-44
Keywords (up) Dwarf goats; Operant conditioning; Visual discrimination learning; Secondary reinforcement
Abstract The use of secondary reinforcement is widely accepted to support operant learning in animals. In farm animals, however, the efficacy of secondary reinforcement has up to now been studied systematically only in horses (“clicker training”), and the results are controversial. We investigated the impact of acoustical secondary reinforcement on voluntary, self-controlled visual discrimination learning of two-dimensional shapes in group-housed dwarf goats (Capra hircus). Learning tests were conducted applying a computer-controlled learning device that was integrated in the animals' home pen. Shapes were presented on a TFT-screen using a four-choice design. Drinking water was used as primary reinforcement. In the control group (Gcontrol, n = 5) animals received only primary reinforcement, whereas in the sound group (Gsound, n = 6) animals got additional acoustical secondary reinforcement. Testing recall of shapes which had been successfully learned by the goats 6 weeks earlier (T1), we found a weak impact of secondary reinforcement on daily learning success (P = 0.07), but not on the number of trials the animals needed to reach the learning criterion (trials to criterion, n.s.). Results in T1 indicated that dwarf goats did not instantly recall previously learned shapes, but, re-learned within 250-450 trials. When learning a set of new shapes (T2), there was a strong influence of secondary reinforcement on daily learning success and on trials to criterion. Animals in Gsound reached the learning criterion earlier (P < 0.05) and needed fewer trials (1320 versus 3700; P < 0.01), compared to animals in Gcontrol. Results suggest that acoustical secondary reinforcement supports visual discrimination learning of dwarf goats, especially when the task is new and the salience of S+ is low.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3583
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Author Langbein, J.; Nurnberg, G.; Puppe, B.; Manteuffel, G.
Title Self-Controlled Visual Discrimination Learning of Group-Housed Dwarf Goats (Capra hircus): Behavioral Strategies and Effects of Relocation on Learning and Memory Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Journal of Comparative Psychology Abbreviated Journal J. Comp. Psychol.
Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages 58-66
Keywords (up) dwarf goats; visual discrimination; operant learning; learning strategies; context
Abstract In most studies on animal learning, individual animals are tested separately in a specific learning environment and with a limited number of trials per day. An alternative approach is to test animals in a familiar environment in their social group. In this study, the authors--applying a fully automated learning device--investigated voluntary, self-controlled visual shape discrimination learning of group-housed dwarf goats (Capra hircus). The majority of the tested goats showed successful shape discrimination, which indicates the adaptive value of an effective learning strategy. However, in each group, a few individual goats developed behavioral strategies different from shape discrimination to get reward. Relocation impairs memory retrieval (probably by attention shifting) only temporarily for previously learnt shapes. The results demonstrate the usefulness of a self-controlled learning paradigm to assess learning abilities of social species in their normal social settings. This may be especially relevant for captive animals to improve their welfare.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2140
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