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	Author	Anderson, J.R.; Fornasieri, I.; Ludes, E.; Roeder, J.-J.
	Title	Social processes and innovative behaviour in changing groups of lemur fulvus			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1992	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	27	Issue	2	Pages	101-112
	Keywords	Social learning; Lemur fulvus; Dominance; Individual differences
	Abstract	A group of brown lemurs was presented with one or two baited food-boxes requiring a specific type of motor response in order to be opened. Subsequently, four groups containing different combinations of experienced individuals from the original group and naive individuals were tested. Solutions to the problem and access to the food were recorded and considered in relation to social factors. In the original group, two adult males learned to open the boxes, with one male increasingly preventing the other from approaching. In the second group, with the subordinate male and certain females removed, the dominant male tolerated successful performances by a juvenile female. Group 3 consisted of three passive female participants from the original group and a naive female; one of the three original females now became the sole box-opener. The introduction of the subordinate male from the original group into the all-female group led to a sharing of box-opening by this subject and the skilled female. In the final group, intense aggression toward the skilled female by a new, naive adult male resulted in two previously passive females succeeding on some occasions. In lemurs, at least some `scroungers' appear able to learn to perform a new act when the social context permits.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	576
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	Author	Rubenstein, D. I.; Hack, M. A.
	Title	Horse signals: The sounds and scents of fury			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1992	Publication	Evolutionary Ecology	Abbreviated Journal	Evol. Ecol.
	Volume	6	Issue	3	Pages	254-260
	Keywords	ommunication – combat – fighting ability – individual identity – signals – information – assessment – displays
	Abstract	During contests animals typically exchange information about fighting ability. Among feral horses these signals involve olfactory or acoustical elements and each type can effectively terminate contests before physical contact becomes necessary. Dung transplant experiments show that for stallions, irrespective of rank, olfactory signals such as dung sniffing encode information about familiarity suggesting that such signals can be used as signatures. As such they can provide indirect information about fighting ability as long as opponents associate identity with past performance. Play-back experiments, however, show that vocalizations, such as squeals, directly provide information about status regardless of stallion familiarity. Sonographs reveal that squeals of dominants are longer than those of subordinates and that only those of dominants have at their onset high-frequency components.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	506
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	Author	Timney, B.; Keil, K.
	Title	Visual acuity in the horse			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1992	Publication	Vision Research	Abbreviated Journal	Vis. Res.
	Volume	32	Issue	12	Pages	2289-2293
	Keywords	Horse Visual acuity Visual discrimination
	Abstract	We assessed the ease with which horses could learn visual discriminations and measured their resolution acuity. We trained three horses to press their noses against one of two large wooden panels to receive a small food reward. Following training on a series of two-choice discrimination tasks, resolution acuity was measured. Although there was some variability between animals, the best acuity obtained was 23.3 c deg-1. Within the margin of error imposed by limited anatomical data, the obtained values are consistent with predictions based on retinal ganglion cell density estimates and posterior nodal distance/axial length ratios. They suggest that the resolution acuity of the horse is limited by ganglion cell density in the temporal portion of the narrow visual streak.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	851
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	Author	Dugatkin, L.A.; Godin, G.J.
	Title	Predator inspection, shoaling and foraging under predation hazard in the Trinidadian guppy,Poecilia reticulata			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1992	Publication	Environmental Biology of Fishes	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	34	Issue	3	Pages	265-276
	Keywords	Antipredation – Social group – Feeding – Predation risk – Trade-off – Fish
	Abstract	Guppies,Poecilia reticulata, living in stream pools in Trinidad, West Indies, approached a potential fish predator (a cichlid fish model) in a tentative, saltatory manner, mainly as singletons or in pairs. Such behavior is referred to as predator inspection behavior. Inspectors approached the trunk and tail of the predator model more frequently, more closely and in larger groups than they approached the predator's head, which is presumably the most dangerous area around the predator. However, guppies were not observed in significantly larger shoals in the stream when the predator model was present. In a stream enclosure, guppies inspected the predator model more frequently when it was stationary compared to when it was moving, and made closer inspections to the posterior regions of the predator than to its head. Therefore, the guppies apparently regarded the predator model as a potential threat and modified their behavior accordingly when inspecting it. Guppies exhibited a lower feeding rate in the presence of the predator, suggesting a trade-off between foraging gains and safety against predation. Our results further suggest that predator inspection behavior may account for some of this reduction in foraging. These findings are discussed in the context of the benefits and costs of predator inspection behavior.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2176
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	Author	Dart, A.J.; Snyder, J.R.; Pascoe, J.R.; Meagher, D.M.; Wilson, W.D.
	Title	Prepurchase evaluation of horses: 134 cases (1988-1990)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1992	Publication	Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association	Abbreviated Journal	J Am Vet Med Assoc
	Volume	201	Issue	7	Pages	1061-1067
	Keywords	Animals; Follow-Up Studies; Horse Diseases/diagnosis/radiography; Horses; Interviews; Lameness, Animal/diagnosis/radiography; Physical Examination/*veterinary; Retrospective Studies; Telephone
	Abstract	To quantify some components of prepurchase evaluations in horses, records from 134 evaluations performed during a 2-year period were reviewed and the outcome was determined via telephone follow-up interview. Sixty-two percent of the prepurchase evaluations had been performed at the clinic and 38% had been performed in the field by the ambulatory service. All evaluations included physical and lameness examinations, whereas radiography (49%), endoscopy (15%), nerve blocking (5%), transrectal palpation (3%), hematologic analysis (2%), electrocardiography (2%), drug testing for analgesic agents (2%), and ultrasonography of the flexor tendons (1%) were not always performed. Fifty-nine percent of horses evaluated at the clinic were radiographed, compared with 33% of horses evaluated in the field (P less than 0.05). Thirty-seven percent of horses evaluated were judged serviceable for their intended use. Thirty-five percent of horses evaluated at the clinic were assessed to be serviceable, compared with 41% of those evaluated in the field (P less than 0.05). Horses used for pleasure riding (48%) tended to be considered serviceable more often than horses used for more athletic endeavors (3-day eventing, 33%; hunter/jumper, 24%; show, 31%; dressage, 30%). The most common basis for finding a horse unserviceable was lameness (88%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
	Address	Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis 95616
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-1488	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:1429136			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	3753
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	Author	Dvoinos, G.M.; Kharchenko, V.A.; Zviagnitsova, N.S.
	Title	*The characteristics of the helminth community in the Turkmen kulan (Equus hemionus)*			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1992	Publication	Parazitologiia	Abbreviated Journal	Parazitologiia
	Volume	26	Issue	3	Pages	246-251
	Keywords	Animals; Female; Helminthiasis/parasitology; Helminthiasis, Animal; Helminths/classification/isolation & purification; Male; Perissodactyla/parasitology; Turkmenistan; Ukraine
	Abstract	The helminth fauna of 24 kulans from Askaniya-Nova and Badkhyz was studied. 42 species of helminths were found, 34 of which belong to strongylids. The helminth species composition of kulan is similar to that of other species of horses. This is a result of an intensive parasite exchange in the historical past when numerous populations of different Equidae species made long seasonal migrations over steppe inter-river lands of Asia and grazed for some time on common pastures.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	Russian	Summary Language		Original Title	K kharakteristike soobshchestva gel'mintov turkmenskogo kulana (Equus hemionus)
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0031-1847	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:1408368			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2285
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	Author	Novacek, M.J.
	Title	Mammalian phylogeny: shaking the tree			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1992	Publication	Nature	Abbreviated Journal	Nature
	Volume	356	Issue	6365	Pages	121-125
	Keywords	Animals; Evolution; Fossils; Mammals/classification/genetics; Phylogeny
	Abstract	Recent palaeontological discoveries and the correspondence between molecular and morphological results provide fresh insight on the deep structure of mammalian phylogeny. This new wave of research, however, has yet to resolve some important issues.
	Address	American Museum of Natural History, New York 10024
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0028-0836	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:1545862			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	3546
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	Author	Steinhoff, H.J.; Schrader, J.; Schlitter, J.
	Title	Temperature-jump studies and polarized absorption spectroscopy of methemoglobin-thiocyanate single crystals			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1992	Publication	Biochimica et Biophysica Acta	Abbreviated Journal	Biochim Biophys Acta
	Volume	1121	Issue	3	Pages	269-278
	Keywords	Animals; Crystallization; Horses; Kinetics; Methemoglobin/chemistry; Solutions; Spectrum Analysis; Temperature; Thiocyanates/chemistry
	Abstract	Association equilibria and association kinetics of the thiocyanate binding reaction to methemoglobin in single crystals and solution are studied using temperature-jump technique and polarized absorption spectroscopy. Different kinetic constants are found for the reaction in solution and crystal phase for the alpha- and beta-subunits of the methemoglobin tetramer. The reduction of the reactivity of the alpha- and beta-subunits in crystalline phase is 6-fold and 2.4-fold, respectively, compared to the values found in solution. The intramolecular binding reaction of the N epsilon of the distal histidine E7 which is observed in methemoglobin in solution cannot be detected in single crystals. Our results suggest that crystallization of hemoglobin has little influence on small-scale structural fluctuations which are necessary for ligands to get to the binding sites and large-scale structural motions are suppressed.
	Address	Institut fur Biophysik, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0006-3002	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:1627604			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	3800
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	Author	Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Liu, I.M.; Turner, J.W.J.; Naugle, R.; Keiper, R.
	Title	Long-term effects of porcine zonae pellucidae immunocontraception on ovarian function in feral horses (Equus caballus)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1992	Publication	Journal of reproduction and fertility	Abbreviated Journal	J Reprod Fertil
	Volume	94	Issue	2	Pages	437-444
	Keywords	Animals; Contraception, Immunologic/veterinary; Egg Proteins; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)/urine; Female; Glycoproteins/pharmacology; Horses/immunology/physiology; Membrane Glycoproteins; Ovary/drug effects/physiology; Progesterone/metabolism; Receptors, Cell Surface; Swine/immunology; Time Factors; Zona Pellucida/immunology
	Abstract	Ten feral mares free-roaming in Maryland, USA, were inoculated with porcine zonae pellucidae (PZP) protein before the breeding season for three consecutive years (1988-90). Ovarian function was monitored for 51 days during the peak of the breeding season after the third annual PZP inoculation, in seven of these mares and in four untreated control mares, by means of urinary oestrone conjugates and nonspecific progesterone metabolites. None of the ten inoculated mares became pregnant in 1990, compared with 55% of 20 control mares, which included two of the four monitored for ovarian function. Three of the untreated mares demonstrated apparent normal ovarian activity, characterized by preovulatory oestrogen peaks, concurrent progesterone nadirs at ovulation, breeding activity, and luteal-phase progesterone increases after ovulation. Two of the seven monitored PZP-treated mares demonstrated ovulatory cycles that did not result in conception. One was pregnant as a result of conception in 1989 and demonstrated a normal, late-gestation, endocrine profile. The remaining four PZP-treated mares revealed no evidence of ovulation, and urinary oestrogen concentrations were significantly depressed. The experiments indicated that (i) a third consecutive annual PZP booster inoculation is greater than 90% effective in preventing pregnancies in mares and (ii) three consecutive years of PZP treatment may interfere with normal ovarian function as shown by markedly depressed oestrogen secretion.
	Address	Deaconess Research Institute, Billings, MT 59102
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0022-4251	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:1317449			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	145
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	Author	Hertsch, B.
	Title	[The appearance of stress on the movement apparatus in dressage, jumping and versatility horses]			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1992	Publication	DTW. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift	Abbreviated Journal	Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr
	Volume	99	Issue	1	Pages	36-39
	Keywords	Animals; Bone Diseases/etiology/veterinary; Horse Diseases/etiology; Horses/injuries; Joint Diseases/etiology/veterinary; *Sports; Stress, Mechanical; Tendon Injuries/etiology/veterinary
	Abstract	Jumping and military (three days events) horses are exposed, during sports activities, to a particularly high stress especially in the region of the extremities (limbs). The genesis of tendon, joint and bone diseases are traced in accordance to the centers of the load during movement sequence. A special statistics on injuries concerning the German competition horses does not exist yet. Out of the available statistics about the German competition horses it is not obvious that as a result of its use as sports horses a particular high loss occur among these horses.
	Address	Klinik fur Pferde, Tierarztlichen Hoschschule Hannover
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	German	Summary Language		Original Title	Belastungserscheinungen am Bewegungsapparat bei Dressur-, Spring- und Vielseitigkeitspferden
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0341-6593	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:1555516			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	3755
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