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Author Steelman, S.M.; Michael-Eller, E.M.; Gibbs, P.G.; Potter, G.D. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Meal size and feeding frequency influence serum leptin concentration in yearling horses Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Journal of Animal Science Abbreviated Journal J. Anim Sci.  
  Volume 84 Issue (down) 9 Pages 2391-2398  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Energy is an essential nutrient for all horses, and it is especially important in performance horses, pregnant and lactating mares, and young growing horses. A negative energy balance in horses such as these may result in unsatisfactory performance, decreased fertility, or slow growth. Therefore, ensuring adequate energy intake is an important aspect of the nutritional management of the equine. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of feeding large, carbohydrate-rich, concentrate meals on the satiety-inducing hormone, leptin. Three groups of yearling horses were rotated through 3 feeding schedules in a replicated 3x3 Latin square design. Horses were fed 2, 3, or 4 times per day (2x, 3x, and 4xfeeding schedules, respectively), each for a period of 11 d, with the total amount of daily feed held constant. Horses were weighed and BCS was determined on the first day of each period. Blood samples were collected before the morning meal on d 1, 4, and 7 of each period. Additionally, blood was sampled for the last 24 h of the 2xand 4xdietary periods. Neither weight nor BCS changed during the study (P = 0.99 and P = 0.28, respectively). Both mean and peak plasma glucose were greatest in 2xhorses (P < 0.05), as were mean areas under the curve. Serum leptin concentration increased in 2xhorses (P < 0.05), but not in horses fed 3 or 4 times daily. Leptin was elevated in horses with greater BCS (P < 0.05) and increased steadily throughout the study (P < 0.05). Data from the 24-h collection indicated that 2xhorses had fluctuations in leptin production throughout the day (P < 0.05), whereas horses fed 4 times daily did not. Overall, this study indicates that feeding horses 2 large concentrate meals daily can increase mean serum leptin concentrations and may cause fluctuations in leptin production over a 24-h period. This departure from baseline leptin concentration has the potential to affect appetite, along with numerous other physiological processes.  
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  Notes 10.2527/jas.2005-281 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3561  
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Author Rizzolatti, G.; Fogassi, L.; Gallese, V. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the understanding and imitation of action Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication Nature Reviews Neuroscience Abbreviated Journal Nat Rev Neurosci  
  Volume 2 Issue (down) 9 Pages 661-670  
  Keywords  
  Abstract What are the neural bases of action understanding? Although this capacity could merely involve visual analysis of the action, it has been argued that we actually map this visual information onto its motor representation in our nervous system. Here we discuss evidence for the existence of a system, the ‘mirror system’, that seems to serve this mapping function in primates and humans, and explore its implications for the understanding and imitation of action.  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1471-003x ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes 10.1038/35090060 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5013  
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Author Warneken, F.; Tomasello, M. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Varieties of altruism in children and chimpanzees Type Abstract
  Year 2009 Publication Trends in cognitive sciences Abbreviated Journal Trends Cogn Sci  
  Volume 13 Issue (down) 9 Pages 397-402  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Recent empirical research has shed new light on the perennial question of human altruism. A number of recent studies suggest that from very early in ontogeny young children have a biological predisposition to help others achieve their goals, to share resources with others and to inform others of things helpfully. Humans nearest primate relatives, such as chimpanzees, engage in some but not all of these behaviors: they help others instrumentally, but they are not so inclined to share resources altruistically and they do not inform others of things helpfully. The evolutionary roots of human altruism thus appear to be much more complex than previously supposed.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Elsevier Science, Place of Publication Editor  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1364-6613 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ S1364-6613(09)00149-1 DOI - 10.1016/j.tics.2009.06.008 Serial 5608  
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Author Merl, S.; Scherzer, S.; Palme, R.; Möstl, E. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Pain causes increased concentrations of glucocorticoid metabolites in horse feces Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Journal of Equine Veterinary Science Abbreviated Journal J Equine Vet Sci  
  Volume 20 Issue (down) 9 Pages 586-590  
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  Abstract The concentration of 11,17-dioxoandrostanes (11,17-DOA), a group of cortisol metabolites, was measured using enzyme immunoassay in fecal samples of horses experiencing painful episodes. One group of horses consisted of 10 stallions castrated (samples were collected daily for 10 days); the other group was made up of 29 horses which were brought to an animal hospital because of signs of colic (samples were collected twice daily for six days). Before castration, median concentrations of 10.5 nmol/kg feces were measured. On days 1 and 2 after castration, median 11,17-DOA values increased up to 26.2 and 50.0 nmol/kg feces, respectively, and decreased thereafter to levels lower than at the beginning of the sampling period. High variations were measured between individual cases of colic. In animals with colic, all horses excreted more than 33 nmol 11,17-DOA/kg feces for various periods. The highest concentration measured was 885 nmol/kg feces. One animal out of the 29 colic horses did not show any clinical signs of pain upon arrival in the hospital. The 11,17-DOA values were below 17 nmol/kg feces in all those samples. From this data we conclude, that the concentration of 11,17-DOA in feces is a parameter for painful situations that have occurred one or two days earlier.  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0737-0806 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6047  
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Author Rosati, A.G. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Foraging Cognition: Reviving the Ecological Intelligence Hypothesis Type Journal Article
  Year 2017 Publication Trends in Cognitive Sciences Abbreviated Journal Trends in Cognitive Sciences  
  Volume 21 Issue (down) 9 Pages 691-702  
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  Abstract What are the origins of intelligent behavior? The demands associated with living in complex social groups have been the favored explanation for the evolution of primate cognition in general and human cognition in particular. However, recent comparative research indicates that ecological variation can also shape cognitive abilities. I synthesize the emerging evidence that ?foraging cognition? ? skills used to exploit food resources, including spatial memory, decision-making, and inhibitory control ? varies adaptively across primates. These findings provide a new framework for the evolution of human cognition, given our species? dependence on costly, high-value food resources. Understanding the origins of the human mind will require an integrative theory accounting for how humans are unique in both our sociality and our ecology.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Elsevier Place of Publication Editor  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1364-6613 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2017.05.011 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6586  
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Author Houpt, K.A.; Zahorik, D.M.; Swartzman-Andert, J.A. openurl 
  Title Taste aversion learning in horses Type Journal Article
  Year 1990 Publication Journal of animal science Abbreviated Journal J. Anim Sci.  
  Volume 68 Issue (down) 8 Pages 2340-2344  
  Keywords Animal Feed; Animals; *Avoidance Learning; Feeding Behavior/*psychology; *Food Preferences; Horses/physiology/*psychology; *Taste  
  Abstract The ability of ponies to learn to avoid a relatively novel food associated with illness was tested in three situations: when illness occurred immediately after consuming a feed; when illness occurred 30 min after consuming a feed; and when illness was contingent upon eating one of three feeds offered simultaneously. Apomorphine was used to produce illness. The feeds associated with illness were corn, alfalfa pellets, sweet feed and a complete pelleted feed. The ponies learned to avoid all the fees except the complete feed when apomorphine injection immediately followed consumption of the feed. However, the ponies did not learn to avoid a feed if apomorphine was delayed 30 min after feed consumption. They could learn to avoid alfalfa pellets, but not corn, when these feeds were presented with the familiar “safe foods,” oats and soybean meal. Ponies apparently are able to learn a taste aversion, but there were constraints on this learning ability. Under the conditions of this study, they did not learn to avoid a food that made them sick long after consumption of the food, and they had more difficulty learning to avoid highly palatable feeds.  
  Address Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853  
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  ISSN 0021-8812 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:2401656 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 41  
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Author Chase, I.D.; Tovey, C.; Spangler-Martin, D.; Manfredonia, M. doi  openurl
  Title Individual differences versus social dynamics in the formation of animal dominance hierarchies Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Abbreviated Journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.  
  Volume 99 Issue (down) 8 Pages 5744-5749  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Fishes; Humans; *Social Behavior; *Social Dominance  
  Abstract Linear hierarchies, the classical pecking-order structures, are formed readily in both nature and the laboratory in a great range of species including humans. However, the probability of getting linear structures by chance alone is quite low. In this paper we investigate the two hypotheses that are proposed most often to explain linear hierarchies: they are predetermined by differences in the attributes of animals, or they are produced by the dynamics of social interaction, i.e., they are self-organizing. We evaluate these hypotheses using cichlid fish as model animals, and although differences in attributes play a significant part, we find that social interaction is necessary for high proportions of groups with linear hierarchies. Our results suggest that dominance hierarchy formation is a much richer and more complex phenomenon than previously thought, and we explore the implications of these results for evolutionary biology, the social sciences, and the use of animal models in understanding human social organization.  
  Address Department of Sociology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-4356, USA. Ichase@notes.cc.sunysb.edu  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0027-8424 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:11960030 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 442  
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Author Hunter, L.; Houpt, K..A. url  openurl
  Title Bedding material preferences of ponies. Type Journal Article
  Year 1989 Publication Journal of American Society of Animal Science Abbreviated Journal J Anim Sci  
  Volume 67 Issue (down) 8 Pages 1986-1991  
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  Abstract The bedding preferences of ponies were determined using video recordings of nighttime (1900 to 0700) behavior of individually housed ponies. The ponies' behavior each minute was recorded to determine time budgets. In Exp. I, preference for bedding was determined using three mares, three stallions and two geldings given access to bedded and unbedded areas in a box stall. The ponies spent more time (66%) on the bedded area and were never observed lying on the unbedded areas. In Exp. II, three mares and six stallions were given access to a box stall, one side of which was bedded with wood shavings and the other with straw. Although some individual animals preferred one bedding over the other, neither form of bedding was preferred consistently. Time budgets in Exp. II were similar on both bedding materials. The ponies spent 12% of their nighttime lying, 2% walking, 35% eating and 50% standing inactively. Some ponies had a relatively strong preference for bedding, but the type of bedding preferred varied with the individual animal. Some individual ponies had no clear preference, but instead had a side or position preference  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 1211  
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Author Fabrega, H.J. doi  openurl
  Title Making sense of behavioral irregularities of great apes Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Abbreviated Journal Neurosci Biobehav Rev  
  Volume 30 Issue (down) 8 Pages 1260-73; discussion 1274-7  
  Keywords Animals; Behavior/*physiology; Evolution; Hominidae/*physiology; Humans; Mental Disorders/*physiopathology; Neurosciences; *Psychopathology; Social Behavior  
  Abstract Psychopathology, mental illness, and psychiatric treatment are concepts relevant to modern medicine and medical psychology and replete with cumbersome intellectual and literary baggage. They bear the imprint of suppositions, world views, and general beliefs and values exemplified in the science, history, and general culture of Anglo European societies. The study in higher apes of phenomena addressed by such concepts raises conceptual dilemmas, usually termed speciesism and anthropomorphism, not unlike those encountered in comparative human studies of similar phenomena across cultures and historical periods, namely, ethnocentrism and anachronism. The authors' synthesis of literature and their analysis of the implications of higher ape psychopathology represent an epistemically compelling account that broadens the scope of the comparative study of behavioral irregularities, a topic that provides a different slant for examining challenging questions in evolutionary biology and primatology, such as cognition, self awareness, intentional behavior, culture and behavioral traditions, social intelligence, sickness and healing, and altruism. Theoretical and empirical study of this topic expands formulation and can help provide informative answers about human evolution as well as essential features of human psychiatric syndromes, with potential practical implications. The study of psychopathology of higher apes and other non human primates represents an appropriate focus for neuroscience and bio-behavioral sciences.  
  Address Department of Psychiatry and Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, 3811 Ohara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. hfabregajr@adelphia.net  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0149-7634 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:17079015 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2802  
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Author Provenza, F.D. url  openurl
  Title Acquired aversions as the basis for varied diets of ruminants foraging on rangelands Type Journal Article
  Year 1996 Publication Journal of Animal Science Abbreviated Journal J. Anim Sci.  
  Volume 74 Issue (down) 8 Pages 2010-2020  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2946  
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