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Val-Laillet, D.; Passille, A.M. de; Rushen, J.; von Keyserlingk, M.A.G. |
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Title |
The concept of social dominance and the social distribution of feeding-related displacements between cows |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
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Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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111 |
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1-2 |
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158-172 |
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Cattle; Social dominance; Competitive success; Hierarchy; Feeding competition |
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The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which the classical properties of social dominance describe the pattern of feeder-related displacements with groups of cattle. We also compared the advantages and disadvantages of three dominance indices for describing the competitive success at the feeder. We observed displacements at the feeder within six groups of 12 lactating dairy cows over 72 h per group. We demonstrated that the cattle in our experiment established a quasi-linear hierarchy at the feeder where many dominance relationships were bi-directional (52.0 +/- 5.9%); namely, dominance relationships were significantly linear (P < 0.05 in five of the six groups) but contained many circular triads (45.0 +/- 5.6%). Dominance rank influenced the milk production (r = 0.36, P = 0.002) and the time budget of the animals: high-ranking cows were found spending more time at the feeder during the 120 min following provision of fresh food than low-ranking cows (P = 0.022), but dominance indices based on the occurrence of displacements at the feeder did not correlate with actual time spent at the feeder. The presence of numerous circular triads and bi-directional relationships suggests that the classical properties of social dominance do not correspond to the pattern of displacements that occur at feeders within small groups of cattle. Instead, the competitive success may also be affected by motivation or persistence by the animal to gain access to the food resource. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4213 |
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Author |
Waiblinger, S.; Menke, C.; Korff, J.; Bucher, A. |
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Title |
Previous handling and gentle interactions affect behaviour and heart rate of dairy cows during a veterinary procedure |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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Volume |
85 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
31-42 |
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Human-animal relationship; Cattle; Handling; Stress; Heart rate; Welfare |
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Veterinary and management procedures often are aversive to the animals, resulting in physiological and behavioural stress reactions, which increase the risk of accidents and might lower performance. We investigated the effects of previous positive handling and of gentle interactions during the procedure on behaviour and heart rate in dairy cows during rectal palpation with sham insemination. Twenty cows were allocated randomly into two groups of 10 animals: handling, received additional positive handling over a period of four weeks by one person (handler); control, only routine handling by different caretakers. The week after the handling period, tests lasting 9 min, including 4 min rectal palpation, were carried out with each animal on four successive days in four situations in a balanced order: cow is alone during the test, with the handler, with an usual caretaker, or with an unknown person. Behaviour and heart rate were recorded. Previously handled animals had lower heart rate during tests (P<=0.05, n=19), kicked less when alone (P<=0.05, n=19) and tended to show less restless behaviour (P<=0.1, n=19). Cows were further calmed by gentle interactions during the test, but people differed remarkably. Cows showed less restless behaviour when gentled by the handler, both in the 4 min of rectal palpation and in the 9 min test period (each: P<=0.001, n=19). No significant stress reducing effect was found for the other two persons. In conclusion, stress reactions of cows during rectal palpation/insemination can be reduced by previous positive handling as well as by a person providing positive, gentle interactions during the procedure. The results underline the importance of positive, gentle interactions with the animals to enhance animal welfare and reduce the risk of accidents. They also show that people differ in the success to calm down the animals in aversive situations and indicate the need to investigate the characteristics responsible for the differences and identify the preconditions for a stress reducing effect in future research. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4397 |
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Konstantinov, S.A.; Veselkin, A.G. |
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Title |
[The intensity and efficiency of a gadfly attack on cattle depending on the number and location of the animals in the herd] |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1989 |
Publication |
Parazitologiia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Parazitologiia |
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23 |
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1 |
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3-10 |
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Animals; Cattle/*parasitology; Diptera/*physiology; Ecology; Insect Bites and Stings/parasitology/*veterinary; Russia |
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The effect of group was studied on cattle being attacked by horse flies of three genera. The method of simultaneous registrations of attacking horse flies in herds of 8 to 100 animals and on single cows was used. It has been shown that the effect of group reveals itself only when animals in the herd reach a certain minimum number, the effect rate depending on peculiarities of attacking of a given species of bloodsuckers, such as a part of responding individuals, distance of an attack, duration of contact with an object. These parameters tend to change with increasing number of animals in the herd. Therefore differences in the intensity of attacks on herds with different cattle stock cannot be explained proceeding only from differences in the occupied areas. The number of attacking horse flies decreases from the periphery of the herd to its centre and is not the same in different parts of the periphery. The effectiveness of attacking, ie the part of sucking individuals of a given species (genus) from the number of horse flies attacking for a definite period of time, is the highest in a large herd and increases in its ranges from the periphery to the centre. This dependence leads to a more even distribution of sucking individuals as compared to attacking ones. |
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Russian |
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Original Title |
Intensivnost' i effektivnost' napadeniia slepnei na krupnyi rogatyi skot v zavisimosti ot chisla i mestopolozheniia zhivotnykh v stade |
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0031-1847 |
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PMID:2524028 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2674 |
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Grafner, G.; Zimmermann, H.; Karge, E.; Munch, J.; Ribbeck, R.; Hiepe, T. |
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Title |
[Incidence and damages inflicted by simuliid flies in the GDR district of Schwerin] |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Angewandte Parasitologie |
Abbreviated Journal |
Angew Parasitol |
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17 |
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1 |
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2-6 |
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Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases/*parasitology; Climate; *Diptera/growth & development; Ecology; Ectoparasitic Infestations/*veterinary; Germany, East; Horse Diseases/*parasitology; Horses; Swine; Swine Diseases/*parasitology |
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Systematic faunal studies in the district Schwerin showed at the present time there are 3 more or less damage-biotopes existing in the districts of Perleberg, Ludwigslust and Parchim; 5 river sources can be considered as potential sources, 5 are temporary and 2 are ephemeral whilst in 3 further areas environmental influences such as effluent impairs the flow of the river and the developmental stages of Simuliidae were not observed.--The following species were found: Boophthora erythrocephala, Wilhelmia salopiensis, Wilhelmia equina, Odagmia ornata, Eusimulium aureum and Eusimulium lundstroemi.--The damage statistics covering the period 1966--1971 showed in the district of Schwerin, due to Simuliid attacks, 38 cattle died, 170 were seriously ill; in 1967 5 horses were seriously ill; in 1971, 3 pigs died and 27 were seriously ill.--The symptoms were manifested by pathological petechiae, scabs and oedema, also by insufficiency of the heart and circulatory system, diminished performance and growth disturbance. In severe cases heart and circulation failure occurred, paresis, coma and death followed.--The real economic significance of the Simuliid attacks rest with its strong and prolonged distrubance in young animals, as well as in pronounced irreparable diminished performance in diseased dairy cattle. |
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German |
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Original Title |
Vorkommen und Schadwirkung von Kriebelmucken im DDR-Bezirk Schwerin |
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0003-3162 |
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PMID:1267220 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2699 |
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Author |
Buttiker, W. |
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[Preliminary report on eye-frequenting butterflies in the Ivory Coast] |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1973 |
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Revue Suisse de Zoologie; Annales de la Societe Zoologique Suisse et du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve |
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Rev Suisse Zool |
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80 |
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1 |
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1-43 |
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Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cattle; Cote d'Ivoire; Ecology; Ectoparasitic Infestations/*veterinary; *Eye; Horses; *Insects; *Parasites; Sheep |
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German |
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Original Title |
Vorlaufige Beobachtungen an augenbesuchenden Schmetterlingen in der Elfenbeinkuste |
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0035-418X |
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PMID:4354354 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2716 |
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Author |
Nosek, J. |
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Title |
The ecology and public health importance of Dermacentor marginatus and D. reticulatus ticks in Central Europe |
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Year |
1972 |
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Folia Parasitologica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Folia Parasitol (Praha) |
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19 |
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1 |
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93-102 |
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Animals; Arthropod Vectors; Birds; Cattle; Czechoslovakia; Deer; Dermacentor/physiology; Dogs; Ecology; Encephalitis, Tick-Borne; Europe; Female; Goats; Horses; Insectivora; Male; Mice; Rodentia; Sheep; Swine; *Ticks |
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0015-5683 |
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PMID:4670812 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2720 |
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Beerwerth, W.; Schurmann, J. |
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[Contribution to the ecology of mycobacteria] |
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Journal Article |
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1969 |
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Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. 1. Abt. Medizinisch-Hygienische Bakteriologie, Virusforschung und Parasitologie. Originale |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zentralbl Bakteriol [Orig] |
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211 |
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1 |
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58-69 |
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*Animal Feed; Animals; Cattle; Chickens; Ecology; Feces/*microbiology; *Food Microbiology; Germany, West; Horses; Hydroxides; Mycobacterium/classification/*isolation & purification; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification; Oxalates; *Sewage; Sheep; Sodium; *Soil Microbiology; Swine; *Water Microbiology |
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German |
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Zur Okologie der Mykobakterien |
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0372-8110 |
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PMID:4989344 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2743 |
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Author |
Menges, R.W.; Furcolow, M.L.; Selby, L.A.; Habermann, R.T.; Smith, C.D. |
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Ecologic studies of histoplasmosis |
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Journal Article |
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1967 |
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American Journal of Epidemiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Epidemiol |
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85 |
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1 |
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108-119 |
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Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Antibodies/*analysis; Carnivora; Cats; Cattle; Child; Child, Preschool; Dogs; Ecology; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Histoplasma/isolation & purification; Histoplasmin; Histoplasmosis/*epidemiology/*immunology; Horses; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kansas; Male; Marsupialia; Mice; Middle Aged; Missouri; Rabbits; Skin Tests; *Soil Microbiology; Swine |
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English |
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0002-9262 |
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PMID:5334640 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2747 |
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Stober, M.; Geiger, J.F. |
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[Lamenting “moaning” in domestic cattle] |
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Journal Article |
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1975 |
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DTW. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift |
Abbreviated Journal |
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr |
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82 |
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1 |
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10-13 |
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Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Cattle; Female; Personality; *Vocalization, Animal |
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German |
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Untersuchungen uber das klagende “Anken” beim Hausrind |
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0341-6593 |
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PMID:1089525 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4173 |
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Author |
Wilson, R.T. |
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Title |
Biodiversity of Domestic Livestock in the Republic of Yemen |
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Journal Article |
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2003 |
Publication |
Tropical Animal Health and Production |
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35 |
Issue |
1 |
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27-46 |
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Abstract This paper describes the domestic livestock of the Republic of Yemen and aspires to complement earlier sources listing or partially describing `breeds'. It attempts to cover all species and provide indications of production parameters through a literature review and via field observations made by the author in 1999. Information is provided on livestock numbers and the economic importance of animal production. Most animals are kept in sedentary mixed crop-livestock production systems; transhumant systems have the next greatest number of stock; with nomadic systems being of least and declining importance. Yemen's livestock appear to comprise at least 11 breeds of sheep, 5 breeds of goat, 2 breeds of cattle, 4 breeds of camel, 2 breeds of donkey and 1 breed of horse. There are no data on breeds of poultry but domestic fowl (where clearly considerable diversity exists) and pigeons are kept. There is little formal information on the history and relationships of most breeds. Some appear to be of ancient local origin, whereas others show affinities with those of neighbouring and other countries. None of the identified types is considered endangered, so conservation would be premature. A more formal and detailed genetic characterization, to add to the largely morphological and traditional classification, may, however, reveal such a need. |
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Abstract This paper describes the domestic livestock of the Republic of Yemen and aspires to complement earlier sources listing or partially describing `breeds'. It attempts to cover all species and provide indications of production parameters through a literature review and via field observations made by the author in 1999. Information is provided on livestock numbers and the economic importance of animal production. Most animals are kept in sedentary mixed crop-livestock production systems; transhumant systems have the next greatest number of stock; with nomadic systems being of least and declining importance. Yemen's livestock appear to comprise at least 11 breeds of sheep, 5 breeds of goat, 2 breeds of cattle, 4 breeds of camel, 2 breeds of donkey and 1 breed of horse. There are no data on breeds of poultry but domestic fowl (where clearly considerable diversity exists) and pigeons are kept. There is little formal information on the history and relationships of most breeds. Some appear to be of ancient local origin, whereas others show affinities with those of neighbouring and other countries. None of the identified types is considered endangered, so conservation would be premature. A more formal and detailed genetic characterization, to add to the largely morphological and traditional classification, may, however, reveal such a need. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4389 |
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