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| Author | i Rios, J.F.; Houpt, K. | ||||
| Title | Sexual behavior in geldings | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 46 | Issue  |
1-2 | Pages | 133-135 |
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| Abstract | Abstract In response to a request published in Equus, a magazine for those interested in horses, 85 owners of older geldings exhibiting sexual behavior completed history forms. The mean age of geldings was 16 f 5 years. Only 39 of the owners had had the gelding for at least a year before the behavior was noted. These cases could be used to determine the true age of onset of the problem. When log survivorship was used to determine whether there were one or two different populations, a break or change in the slope at age 16 indicated that there are two populations. One population shows the behavior from the time of castration and the other first exhibits the behavior in old age, possibly in response to an ACTH secreting pituitary adenoma. A total of 40% of the horses were Quarterhorses, the most numerous breed in the US; 78% of the horses were purebreds. Fewer than half the owners knew the age at which their horse had been castrated because they did not own the horse at the time. The mean age at castration, when known, was 3.3 f 2.5 years. The reason for contacting us was sexual behavior (70%), aggression (24%). or some other problem ( 1 o/o). Whether or not aggression was the presenting problem, most of the horses showed aggression (95%), particularly towards other geldings (88%)) but also towards people (3 1%). Copulatory behavior (mounting) was shown by 69% of the geldings and half of those were able to intromit. These findings indicate that the sexual behavior of geldings is a problem for owners and that aggression usually accompanies sexual behavior. The owners were encouraged to send serum samples taken before and after human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) administration for testosterone and estrone sulfate analysis to determine whether residual testicular tissue was responsible for the horse’s behavior. Of the 14 horses tested, only one had elevated levels of testosterone indicating that there was residual testicular tissue. A total of six of the owners agreed to treat their horses with cyproheptadine at a dose of 8 mg day- ’ gradually increased to 88 mg day- ’ per horse. A total of three of the horses showed a decline in sexual and aggressive behavior, one got worse and two had side effects and treatment was withdrawn. |
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| Notes | Approved | yes | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3627 | ||
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| Author | Hampton, R.R.; Sherry, D.F.; Shettleworth, S.J.; Khurgel, M.; Ivy, G. | ||||
| Title | Hippocampal volume and food-storing behavior are related in parids | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Brain, behavior and evolution | Abbreviated Journal | Brain Behav Evol |
| Volume | 45 | Issue |
1 | Pages | 54-61 |
| Keywords | Animals; Appetitive Behavior/*physiology; Birds/*anatomy & histology; Brain Mapping; Evolution; Food Preferences/physiology; Hippocampus/*anatomy & histology; Mental Recall/*physiology; Orientation/*physiology; Predatory Behavior/physiology; Social Environment; Species Specificity | ||||
| Abstract | The size of the hippocampus has been previously shown to reflect species differences and sex differences in reliance on spatial memory to locate ecologically important resources, such as food and mates. Black-capped chickadees (Parus atricapillus) cached more food than did either Mexican chickadees (P. sclateri) or bridled titmice (P. wollweberi) in two tests of food storing, one conducted in an aviary and another in smaller home cages. Black-capped chickadees were also found to have a larger hippocampus, relative to the size of the telencephalon, than the other two species. Differences in the frequency of food storing behavior among the three species have probably produced differences in the use of hippocampus-dependent memory and spatial information processing to recover stored food, resulting in graded selection for size of the hippocampus. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0006-8977 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:7866771 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 379 | ||
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| Author | Kiltie, R.A.; Fan, J.; Laine, A.F. | ||||
| Title | A wavelet-based metric for visual texture discrimination with applications in evolutionary ecology | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Mathematical Biosciences | Abbreviated Journal | Math Biosci |
| Volume | 126 | Issue |
1 | Pages | 21-39 |
| Keywords | Animals; Carnivora; *Ecology; Equidae; *Evolution; Humans; Mathematics; Models, Biological; Moths; *Pattern Recognition, Visual; Pigmentation | ||||
| Abstract | Much work on natural and sexual selection is concerned with the conspicuousness of visual patterns (textures) on animal and plant surfaces. Previous attempts by evolutionary biologists to quantify apparency of such textures have involved subjective estimates of conspicuousness or statistical analyses based on transect samples. We present a method based on wavelet analysis that avoids subjectivity and that uses more of the information in image textures than transects do. Like the human visual system for texture discrimination, and probably like that of other vertebrates, this method is based on localized analysis of orientation and frequency components of the patterns composing visual textures. As examples of the metric's utility, we present analyses of crypsis for tigers, zebras, and peppered moth morphs. | ||||
| Address | Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0025-5564 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:7696817 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2660 | ||
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| Author | Boysen, S.T.; Berntson, G.G. | ||||
| Title | Responses to quantity: perceptual versus cognitive mechanisms in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes | Abbreviated Journal | J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume | 21 | Issue |
1 | Pages | 82-86 |
| Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal; Choice Behavior; Cognition/*physiology; Female; *Pan troglodytes; Perception/*physiology; Reinforcement (Psychology); Task Performance and Analysis | ||||
| Abstract | Two chimpanzees were trained to select among 2 different amounts of candy (1-6 items). The task was designed so that selection of either array by the active (selector) chimpanzee resulted in that array being given to the passive (observer) animal, with the remaining (nonselected) array going to the selector. Neither animal was able to select consistently the smaller array, which would reap the larger reward. Rather, both animals preferentially selected the larger array, thereby receiving the smaller number of reinforcers. When Arabic numerals were substituted for the food arrays, however, the selector animal evidenced more optimal performance, immediately selecting the smaller numeral and thus receiving the larger reward. These findings suggest that a basic predisposition to respond to the perceptual-motivational features of incentive stimuli can interfere with task performance and that this interference can be overridden when abstract symbols serve as choice stimuli. | ||||
| Address | Comparative Cognition Project, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1222 | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0097-7403 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:7844508 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2783 | ||
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| Author | Koenen, E.P.C.; van Veldhuizen, A.E.; Brascamp, E.W. | ||||
| Title | Genetic parameters of linear scored conformation traits and their relation to dressage and show-jumping performance in the Dutch Warmblood Riding Horse population | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Livestock Production Science | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 43 | Issue |
1 | Pages | 85-94 |
| Keywords | Horse; Heritability; Conformation; Dressage; Show jumping | ||||
| Abstract | In this study genetic parameters of linear scored conformation traits of the Dutch Warmblood Riding Horse were estimated in relation to performance in competition. Observations on 10 665 mares were analyzed with an animal model including the fixed effects age, classifier, location and percentage of thoroughbred. Using restricted maximum likelihood algorithms, heritabilities of 26 linear scored conformation traits were estimated in the range 0.09-0.28. Several conformation traits had high up to very high mutual genetic correlations. Competition results of 3476 horses with performance in dressage and 3220 horses with performance in show-jumping were linked to the conformation data to estimate the genetic relationship between conformation and performance in competition. The model for the evaluation of the competition results included the fixed effects riding club, age and sex. Estimated heritabilities for dressage and show-jumping were 0.17 +/- 0.05 and 0.19 +/- 0.04, respectively. Genetic correlations between conformation and performance were low to moderate. The length of the neck, length and position of the shoulders, shape and length of croup and muscularity of the haunches had a significant moderate genetic correlation with dressage. Muscularity of the neck, shape of the croup and muscularity of the haunches had a significant genetic correlation with show-jumping. The results indicate that, due to the low genetic correlations with performance traits, indirect selection for performance using conformation results is of limited value. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 3961 | ||
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| Author | Kasuya,Eiiti | ||||
| Title | A randomization test for linearity of dominance hierarchies | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Journal of Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Ethol. |
| Volume | 13 | Issue |
1 | Pages | 137-140 |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4288 | ||
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| Author | Russon, A.E.; Galdikas, B.M.F. | ||||
| Title | Constraints on great apes' imitation: Model and action selectivity in rehabilitant orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) imitation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Journal of Comparative Psychology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Comp. Psychol. |
| Volume | 109 | Issue |
1 | Pages | 5-17 |
| Keywords | *Imitation (Learning); Primates (Nonhuman) | ||||
| Abstract | We discuss selectivity in great ape imitation, on the basis of an observational study of spontaneous imitation in free-ranging rehabilitant orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). Research on great ape imitation has neglected selectivity, although comparative evidence suggests it may be important. We observed orangutans in central Indonesian Borneo and assessed patterns in the models and actions they spontaneously imitated. The patterns we found resembled those reported in humans. Orangutans preferred models with whom they had positive affective relationships (e.g., important caregiver or older sibling) and actions that reflected their current competence, were receptively familiar, and were relevant to tasks that faced them. Both developmental and individual variability were found. We discuss the probable functions of imitation for great apes and the role of selectivity in directing it. We also make suggestions for more effective elicitation of imitation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) | ||||
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| Publisher | American Psychological Association | Place of Publication | Us | Editor | |
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| ISSN | 1939-2087(Electronic);0735-7036(Print) | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ 1995-20268-001 | Serial | 5690 | ||
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| Author | Ben-Shahar, R. | ||||
| Title | Habitat classification in relation to movements and densities of ungulates in a semi-arid savanna | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | African Journal of Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | Afr. J. Ecol. |
| Volume | 33 | Issue |
Pages | 50-63 | |
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| Abstract | Habitat types were classified in a semi-arid nature reserve in South Africa in order to assess the spatial requirements of resident ungulates, namely zebra, wildebeest and impala. Multivariate analyses showed patterns of soil factors and plant species associations that corresponded with variations of local geological formations and the abundance of plants. The response of ungulates to habitats of different degrees of complexity in terms of soils and plant species associations was examined on the basis of annual occurrence. New habitat types were described through merging or subdividing the existing classification. New habitat categories which corresponded with high occurrences of ungulates provided better indications of the resource requirements for large herbivores. Wildebeest were restricted in their habitat requirements and were characterized by high seasonal densities in bottom lands, particularly during the late wet period. There was a considerable overlap in the preference of habitat types between wildebeest and zebra although zebra were aggregated during longer periods within the dolerite formation. Impala had a consistent annual preference for the granite formation where seepage lines and bottom lands were inhabited seasonally by large herd concentrations. Résumé On a classifié les types d'habitat dans une réserve naturelle semiaride d'Afrique du Sud, dans le but d'évaluer les exigences spatiales des ongulés qui y vivent, c'est à dire les zèbres, les gnous et les impalas. Des analyses multivariées ont révélé des schémas pour les facteurs du sol et pour les associations d'espèces végétales qui correspondent aux variations des formations géologiques locales et à l'abon-dance des plantes. On a examiné la réponse des ongulés à des habitats de complexité différente en termes de sols et d'associations d'espéces végétales, d'après leur présence annuelle. On a décrit de nouveaux types d'habitats en fusionnant ou en subdivisant la classification existante. Les nouvelles catégories d'habitats qui correspondaient à des présences abondantes d'ongulés ont fourni de meilleures indications sur les ressources exigées par les grands herbivores. Les gnous se limitaient aux endroits qui répondaient a leurs exigences et se caractérisaient par de hautes densités saisonnières dans les régions basses, spécialement pendant la dernière saison des pluies. Il y avait un recouvrement considérable des types d'habitats préferés par les gnous et les zébres, encore que les zébres se rassemblent plus longtemps dans la formation doléritique. Les impalas marquent une préférence annuelle constante pour la formation granitique où les sources et les terres basses sont occupées de façon saisonnière par des hardes très concentrées. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2227 | ||
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| Author | Maddock, L. | ||||
| Title | The “migration” and grazing succession | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Serengeti: Dynamics of an Ecosystem | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Abstract | Editorial Reviews Book Description Originally published in 1979, Serengeti: Dynamics of an Ecosystem was immediately recognized as the first synthesis of the patterns and processes of a major ecosystem. A prototype for initial studies, Serengeti contains baseline data for further and comparative studies of ecosystems. The new Serengeti II builds on the information presented originally in Serengeti; both books together offer essential information and insights for ecology and conservation biology. |
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| Publisher | University Of Chicago Press | Place of Publication | Chicago | Editor | Sinclair, A.R.E. ; Norton-Griffiths, A.R.E. |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | Serengeti: Dynamics of an Ecosystem | ||
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-0226760292 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2343 | ||
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| Author | Gärdenfors P. | ||||
| Title | Cued and detached representations in animal cognition | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
| Volume | 35 | Issue |
Pages | 263-273 | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 3454 | ||
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