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Author Grandin, T.
Title Safe handling of large animals Type Journal Article
Year 1999 Publication Occupational Medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) Abbreviated Journal Occup Med
Volume 14 Issue (down) 2 Pages 195-212
Keywords Accidents, Occupational/*prevention & control/statistics & numerical data; Aggression/physiology/psychology; Animal Husbandry/*methods; Animals; *Behavior, Animal/physiology; Cattle; Conditioning, Operant/physiology; Crowding/psychology; Fear/physiology/psychology; Female; *Horses/physiology/psychology; Humans; Male; Movement/physiology; *Occupational Health; Risk Factors; *Ruminants/physiology/psychology
Abstract The major causes of accidents with cattle, horses, and other grazing animals are: panic due to fear, male dominance aggression, or the maternal aggression of a mother protecting her newborn. Danger is inherent when handling large animals. Understanding their behavior patterns improves safety, but working with animals will never be completely safe. Calm, quiet handling and non-slip flooring are beneficial. Rough handling and excessive use of electric prods increase chances of injury to both people and animals, because fearful animals may jump, kick, or rear. Training animals to voluntarily cooperate with veterinary procedures reduces stress and improves safety. Grazing animals have a herd instinct, and a lone, isolated animal can become agitated. Providing a companion animal helps keep an animal calm.
Address Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80526, USA
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0885-114X ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:10329901 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3793
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Author Landaeta-Hernández, A. J.; Chenoweth, P. J.; Randles, R.; Littell, R.; Rae, O.; Chase, C. C.
Title Identifying the social dominance order in a mixed breed herd: a practical methodology Type Journal Article
Year 2005 Publication Revista Científica Abbreviated Journal Revista Científica
Volume 15 Issue (down) 2 Pages 148-154
Keywords Cattle, behavior, social organization
Abstract The major objective of this study was to identify a simple and accurate method of assessing differences in female social status. Three methods of estimating dominance value (DV) were compared in beef cows of three breed-types; Angus (A; n=10), Brahman (B; n=10), and Senepol (S; n=10). Cows were equitably assigned to two groups of fifteen each, allocated into separate pastures and containing equal number of animals by breed. Agonistic interactions were recorded for 45 d of study, in two 1 h periods during concentrate feeding using the method of competitive orders winner/loser. Methods of estimating DV included: I) Ratio between individuals dominated and total encountered, II) Ratio between encounters won to total encounters, III) Proportion of individuals dominated to total herdmates. Due to the different level of interactivity evidenced among animals as well as between and within social orders, method III with subsequent arc-sin transformation was considered as the most practical and accurate method for estimating DV and subsequent allocation of cows into a social dominance order. In addition, a breed effect was found on social dominance. Senepol cows obtained greater DV`s (1.24 ± 0.08) than Angus (0.97 ± 0.08; P<0.03) and Brahman cows (0.76 ± 0.08; P<0.005).
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0798-2259 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4753
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Author Heffner, R.S.; Heffner, H.E.
Title Hearing in large mammals: Horses (Equus caballus) and cattle (Bos taurus) Type Journal Article
Year 1983 Publication Behavioral Neuroscience Abbreviated Journal
Volume 97 Issue (down) 2 Pages 299-309
Keywords auditory range & sensitivity, horses vs cattle
Abstract Determined behavioral audiograms for 3 horses and 2 cows. Horses' hearing ranged from 55 Hz to 33.3 kHz, with a region of best sensitivity from 1 to 16 kHz. Cattle hearing ranged from 23 Hz to 35 kHz, with a well-defined point of best sensitivity at 8 kHz. Of the 2 species, cattle proved to have more acute hearing, with a lowest threshold of –21 db (re 20 μN/m–2) compared with the horses' lowest threshold of 7 db. Comparative analysis of the hearing abilities of these 2 species with those of other mammals provides further support for the relation between interaural distance and high-frequency hearing and between high- and low-frequency hearing. (39 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher American Psychological Association Place of Publication Us Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1939-0084(Electronic);0735-7044(Print) ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ 1983-29540-001 Serial 5633
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Author Makarov, V.V.; Bakulov, I.A.
Title [Zoopathogenic arboviruses, their systematics and ecology] Type Journal Article
Year 1975 Publication Veterinariia Abbreviated Journal Veterinariia
Volume Issue (down) 11 Pages 39-41
Keywords Animals; Arboviruses/*classification/pathogenicity; Cattle; Deer; Ecology; Horses; Insect Vectors; Sheep; Swine; Turkeys; Viruses/*classification/pathogenicity
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Russian Summary Language Original Title Zoopatogennye arbovirusy--sistematika i ekologiia
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0042-4846 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:814685 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2703
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Author Valova, G.P.; Mefod'ev, V.V.
Title [Specific features of an epidemic process in leptospiroses in northern conditions in Western Siberia] Type Journal Article
Year 1972 Publication Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii, i Immunobiologii Abbreviated Journal Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol
Volume 49 Issue (down) 11 Pages 138-145
Keywords Animals; Bird Diseases/epidemiology; Birds; Carnivora; Cattle; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology; Dog Diseases/epidemiology; Dogs; Ecology; Foxes; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses; Humans; Insectivora; Leptospirosis/*epidemiology/veterinary; Mice; Rats; Reindeer; Rodent Diseases/epidemiology; Rodentia; Sheep; Sheep Diseases/epidemiology; Siberia
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Russian Summary Language Original Title Nekotorye spetsificheskie cherty epidemicheskogo protsessa pri leptospirozakh v usloviiakh Severa v Zapadnoi Sibiri
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0372-9311 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:4645851 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2718
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Author Bradley, B.L.
Title Animal flavor types and their specific uses in compound feeds by species and age Type Journal Article
Year 1980 Publication Fortschritte in der Tierphysiologie und Tierernahrung Abbreviated Journal Fortschr Tierphysiol Tierernahr
Volume Issue (down) 11 Pages 110-122
Keywords Aging; *Animal Feed; Animals; Cattle; Energy Intake; *Flavoring Agents; Horses; Poultry; Smell; Species Specificity; Sweetening Agents; Swine; Taste
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0301-570X ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:7390352 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4314
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Author Eisgruber, H.; Stolle, F.A.
Title [Clostridia in carcasses and fresh meat--a literature review] Type Journal Article
Year 1992 Publication Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of Veterinary Medicine. Series B Abbreviated Journal Zentralbl Veterinarmed B
Volume 39 Issue (down) 10 Pages 746-754
Keywords Abattoirs; Animals; Cattle; Clostridium/*growth & development; *Food Microbiology; Horses; Meat/*microbiology; Muscles/*microbiology; Sheep; Swine
Abstract Clostridia are of large clinical importance as well as in the field of food hygiene, where they are responsible for spoilage but they also have a certain significance as food poisoning organisms. Information on the ecology of Clostridia in samples of deep muscle tissue of slaughtered animals is insufficient. This article is intended to increase the knowledge on the occurrence of different Clostridia species in slaughtered animals. The main emphasis is put on the significance of clostridia in meat hygiene. The theoretical basis of the so called original content of microorganisms (intrinsic bacteria), the factors and pathways of Clostridia spreading in muscles and organs are demonstrated.
Address Institut fur Hygiene und Technologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language German Summary Language Original Title Clostridien in Schlachttierkorpern und frischem Fleisch--Eine Literaturubersicht
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0514-7166 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:1492516 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2668
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Author Forbes, A.B.
Title A review of regional and temporal use of avermectins in cattle and horses worldwide Type Journal Article
Year 1993 Publication Veterinary Parasitology Abbreviated Journal Vet Parasitol
Volume 48 Issue (down) 1-4 Pages 19-28
Keywords Animals; Anthelmintics/therapeutic use; Arthropods; Cattle; Cattle Diseases/drug therapy/*prevention & control; Ectoparasitic Infestations/drug therapy/prevention & control/veterinary; Horse Diseases/drug therapy/*prevention & control; Horses; Insecticides; Ivermectin/*analogs & derivatives/*therapeutic use; Nematode Infections/drug therapy/prevention & control/veterinary; Parasitic Diseases/drug therapy/prevention & control; *Parasitic Diseases, Animal
Abstract Ivermectin and abamectin are two members of the group of parasiticides known as the avermectins; ivermectin was first registered as an injectable treatment for cattle in 1981. Since then, abamectin has been registered for cattle and ivermectin for horses. The relative popularity of the avermectins amongst farmers and veterinarians can be attributed to their spectrum of activity, convenience, wide margin of safety and the improved health and performance of stock following their use. Patterns of use in grazing animals apply equally to the avermectins as to other antiparasitics, particularly anthelmintics; these are based on a knowledge of epidemiology integrated with practical management considerations. For cattle, programs are commonly aimed at control of abomasal nematodes of the genera Ostertagia and Haemonchus. Use of avermectins is largely strategic in cattle, treatments being favored at the end of the period of transmission of these parasites; this frequently coincides with housing, entry into a feedlot or movement to another pasture. Simultaneous control of important ectoparasites at this time is an added benefit. Prophylactic use of avermectins at pasture is primarily targeted at the young first season grazing animal. In horses, a bimonthly treatment schedule during the period of risk has proved effective in helping prevent adverse effects of the main target parasites, including large and small strongyles and stomach bots. These patterns of use can be applied to the evaluation of the potential for avermectin residues in feces to have impact on pasture ecology. The evidence presented suggests that any effects are temporally and spatially limited. After more than a decade of practical use, there is no indication that avermectins have had a significant impact on pasture ecology and the environment.
Address MERCK AgVet, Rahway, NJ 07065-0912
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0304-4017 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:8346632 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2665
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Author Dumont, B.; Boissy, A.; Achard, C.; Sibbald, A.M.; Erhard, H.W.
Title Consistency of animal order in spontaneous group movements allows the measurement of leadership in a group of grazing heifers Type Journal Article
Year 2005 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 95 Issue (down) 1-2 Pages 55-66
Keywords Cattle; Grazing; Leadership; Movement order; Walking
Abstract The term `leadership' has been used in several different senses, resulting in very different ways of identifying leaders and apparently inconsistent conclusions on how leadership is determined in herbivores. We therefore propose the following definitions: (i) a leader is the individual that is consistently the one who initiates long-distance, spontaneous group movements toward a new feeding site and (ii) long-distance spontaneous group movements are movements which happen when an animal changes activity and location and is immediately followed by a similar change in activity and location by other members of the group. Using these definitions, we tested for consistency of movement order across time and situation within a group of fifteen 2-year-old heifers. We found that the same individual was recorded as the very first animal in 48% of movements toward a new feeding site and could therefore be identified as the `leader'. We also showed that movement order when the animals entered an experimental plot, or progressed slowly through the field during a grazing bout, did not produce the same result. This method, which enables us to identify leaders in groups of animals at pasture, should improve our knowledge of how leadership is determined in grazing herbivores.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ room B 3.029 Serial 2027
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Author Giangaspero, A.; Traversa, D.; Otranto, D.
Title [Ecology of Thelazia spp. in cattle and their vectors in Italy] Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication Parassitologia Abbreviated Journal Parassitologia
Volume 46 Issue (down) 1-2 Pages 257-259
Keywords Animals; Cattle/parasitology; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology/*parasitology/transmission; Disease Transmission, Horizontal; Dog Diseases/epidemiology/parasitology/transmission; Dogs/parasitology; Ecosystem; Eye Infections, Parasitic/epidemiology/transmission/*veterinary; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/parasitology/transmission; Horses/parasitology; Humans; Insect Vectors/*parasitology; Italy/epidemiology; Muscidae/*parasitology; Species Specificity; Spirurida Infections/epidemiology/transmission/*veterinary; Thelazioidea/classification/*isolation & purification
Abstract The genus Thelazia (Spirurida, Thelaziidae) includes a cosmopolitan group of eyeworm spirurids responsible for ocular infections in domestic and wild animals and transmitted by different species of muscids. Bovine thelaziosis is caused by Thelazia rhodesi Desmarest 1828, Thelazia gulosa Railliet & Henry 1910, and Thelazia skrjabini Erschow 1928, which occur in many countries; T. gulosa and T. skrjabini have been reported mainly in the New World, while T. rhodesi is particularly common in the Old World. In Italy, T. rhodesi was reported in southern regions a long time ago and, recently, T. gulosa and T. skrjabini have been identified in autochthonous cattle first in Apulia and then in Sardinia. Thirteen species of Musca are listed as intermediate hosts of eyeworms, but only Musca autumnalis and Musca larvipara have been demonstrated to act as vectors of Thelazia in the ex-URSS, North America, ex-Czechoslovakia and more recently in Sweden. In Italy, after the reports of T. gulosa and T. skrjabini in southern regions, the intermediate hosts of bovine eyeworms were initially only suspected as the predominant secretophagous Muscidae collected from the periocular region of cattle with thelaziosis were the face flies, M. autumnalis and M. larvipara, followed by Musca osiris, Musca tempestiva and Musca domestica. The well-known constraints in the identification of immature eyeworms to species by fly dissection and also the time-consuming techniques used constitute important obstacles to epidemiological field studies (i.e. vector identification and/or role, prevalence and pattern of infection in flies, etc.). Molecular studies have recently permitted to further investigations into this area. A PCR-RFLP analysis of the ribosomal ITS-1 sequence was developed to differentiate the 3 species of Thelazia (i.e. T. gulosa, T. rhodesi and T. skrjabini) found in Italy, then a molecular epidemiological survey has recently been carried out in field conditions throughout five seasons of fly activity and has identified the role of M. autumnalis, M. larvipara, M. osiris and M. domestica as vectors of T. gulosa and of M. autumnalis and M. larvipara of T. rhodesi. Moreover, M. osiris was described, for the first time, to act as a vector of T. gulosa and M. larvipara of T. gulosa and T. rhodesi. The mean prevalence in the fly population examined was found to be 2.86%. The molecular techniques have opened new perspectives for further research on the ecology and epidemiology not only of Thelazia in cattle but also of other autochthonous species of Thelazia which have been also recorded in Italy, such as Thelazia callipaeda, which is responsible for human and canid ocular infection and Thelazia lacrymalis, the horse eyeworm whose epidemiological molecular studies are in progress.
Address Dipartimento PR.I.M.E., Universita degli Studi di Foggia
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Italian Summary Language Original Title Ecologia di Thelazia spp. e dei vettori in Italia
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0048-2951 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:15305729 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2633
Permanent link to this record