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| Author | Miklósi, Á.; Soproni, K. | ||||
| Title | A comparative analysis of animals' understanding of the human pointing gesture | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Animal cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 9 | Issue  |
2 | Pages | 81-93 |
| Keywords | *Animal Communication; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Child; Child, Preschool; Dogs; Fixation, Ocular; *Gestures; Hand; Humans; *Nonverbal Communication; Pinnipedia; Primates; Problem Solving; *Recognition (Psychology); Species Specificity | ||||
| Abstract | We review studies demonstrating the ability of some animals to understand the human pointing gesture. We present a 3-step analysis of the topic. (1) We compare and evaluate current experimental methods (2) We compare available experimental results on performance of different species and investigate the interaction of species differences and other independent variables (3) We evaluate how our present understanding of pointing comprehension answers questions about function, evolution and mechanisms. Recently, a number of different hypotheses have been put forward to account for the presence of this ability in some species and for the lack of such comprehension in others. In our view, there is no convincing evidence for the assumption that the competitive lifestyles of apes would inhibit the utilization of this human gesture. Similarly, domestication as a special evolutionary factor in the case of some species falls short in explaining high levels of pointing comprehension in some non-domestic species. We also disagree with the simplistic view of describing the phenomenon as a simple form of conditioning. We suggest that a more systematic comparative research is needed to understand the emerging communicative representational abilities in animals that provide the background for comprehending the human pointing gesture. | ||||
| Address | Department of Ethology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Pazmany P 1/c, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary. miklosa@ludens.elte.hu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16235075 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 463 | ||
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| Author | B. Agnetta,; B. Hare,; M. Tomasello, | ||||
| Title | Cues to food location that domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) of different ages do and do not use | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 3 | Issue |
2 | Pages | 107-112 |
| Keywords | Dogs – Arctic wolves – Social cognition – Gaze following – Communication | ||||
| Abstract | Autoren B. Agnetta, B. Hare, M. Tomasello Zusammenfassung The results of three experiments are reported. In the main study, a human experimenter presented domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) with a variety of social cues intended to indicate the location of hidden food. The novel findings of this study were: (1) dogs were able to use successfully several totally novel cues in which they watched a human place a marker in front of the target location; (2) dogs were unable to use the marker by itself with no behavioral cues (suggesting that some form of human behavior directed to the target location was a necessary part of the cue); and (3) there were no significant developments in dogs' skills in these tasks across the age range 4 months to 4 years (arguing against the necessity of extensive learning experiences with humans). In a follow-up study, dogs did not follow human gaze into “empty space” outside of the simulated foraging context. Finally, in a small pilot study, two arctic wolves (Canis lupus) were unable to use human cues to locate hidden food. These results suggest the possibility that domestic dogs have evolved an adaptive specialization for using human-produced directional cues in a goal-directed (especially foraging) context. Exactly how they understand these cues is still an open question. Schlüsselwörter Key words Dogs – Arctic wolves – Social cognition – Gaze following – Communication |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 598 | ||
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| Author | Morton, D.B. | ||||
| Title | Self-consciousness and animal suffering | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Biologist (London, England) | Abbreviated Journal | Biologist (London) |
| Volume | 47 | Issue |
2 | Pages | 77-80 |
| Keywords | Animal Population Groups/*psychology; Animal Welfare/*standards; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Consciousness; Dogs; *Ego; Horses/psychology; Pain/psychology/*veterinary; Pan troglodytes/psychology; Parrots; Pongo pygmaeus/psychology; Self Concept | ||||
| Abstract | Animals with relatively highly developed brains are likely to experience some degree of self-awareness and the ability to think. As well as being interesting in its own right, self-consciousness matters from an ethical point of view, since it can give rise to forms of suffering above and beyond the immediate physical sensations of pain or distress. This article surveys the evidence for animal self-consciousness and its implications for animal welfare. | ||||
| Address | Division of Primary Care, Public and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. d.b.morton@bham.ac.uk | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0006-3347 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:11190233 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 618 | ||
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| Author | Fiset, S.; Leblanc, V. | ||||
| Title | Invisible displacement understanding in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris): the role of visual cues in search behavior | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 10 | Issue |
2 | Pages | 211-224 |
| Keywords | Animals; Dogs/*physiology; Female; Male; *Space Perception; *Spatial Behavior; *Visual Perception | ||||
| Abstract | Recently, (Collier-Baker E, Davis JM, Suddendorf T (2004) J Comp Psychol 118:421-433) suggested that domestic dogs do not understand invisible displacements. In the present study, we further investigated the hypothesis that the search behavior of domestic dogs in invisible displacements is guided by various visual cues inherent to the task rather than by mental representation of an object's past trajectory. Specifically, we examined the role of the experimenter as a function of the final position of the displacement device in the search behavior of domestic dogs. Visible and invisible displacement problems were administered to dogs (N = 11) under two conditions. In the Visible-experimenter condition, the experimenter was visible whereas in the Concealed-experimenter condition, the experimenter was visibly occluded behind a large rigid barrier. Our data supported the conclusion that dogs do not understand invisible displacements but primarily search as a function of the final position of the displacement device and, to a lesser extent, the position of the experimenter. | ||||
| Address | Secteur Sciences Humaines, Universite de Moncton, Campus d'Edmundston, Edmundston, New-Brunswick, E3V 2S8, Canada. sfiset@umce.ca | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:17165041 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2430 | ||
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| Author | Chilton, N.B. | ||||
| Title | The use of nuclear ribosomal DNA markers for the identification of bursate nematodes (order Strongylida) and for the diagnosis of infections | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Animal Health Research Reviews / Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases | Abbreviated Journal | Anim Health Res Rev |
| Volume | 5 | Issue |
2 | Pages | 173-187 |
| Keywords | Animals; Birds; Cats; DNA Primers; DNA, Helminth/*analysis; DNA, Ribosomal/*analysis; Dogs; Horses; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/veterinary; Ruminants; Strongylida/*genetics; Strongylida Infections/diagnosis/*veterinary | ||||
| Abstract | Many bursate nematodes are of major importance to animal health. Animals are often parasitized by multiple species that differ in their prevalence, relative abundance and/or pathogenicity. Implementation of effective management strategies for these parasites requires reliable methods for their detection in hosts, identification to the species level and measurement of intensity of infection. One major problem is the difficulty of accurately identifying and distinguishing many species of bursate nematode because of the remarkable morphological similarity of their eggs and larvae. The inability to identify, with confidence, individual nematodes (irrespective of their life-cycle stage) to the species level by morphological methods has often led to a search for species-specific genetic markers. Studies over the past 15 years have shown that sequences of the internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA provide useful genetic markers, providing the basis for the development of PCR-based diagnostic tools. Such molecular methods represent powerful tools for studying the systematics, epidemiology and ecology of bursate nematodes and, importantly, for the specific diagnosis of infections in animals and humans, thus contributing to improved control and prevention strategies for these parasites. | ||||
| Address | Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada. neil.chilton@usask.ca | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1466-2523 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15984323 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2628 | ||
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| Author | Fulhorst, C.F.; Hardy, J.L.; Eldridge, B.F.; Chiles, R.E.; Reeves, W.C. | ||||
| Title | Ecology of Jamestown Canyon virus (Bunyaviridae: California serogroup) in coastal California | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Abbreviated Journal | Am J Trop Med Hyg |
| Volume | 55 | Issue |
2 | Pages | 185-189 |
| Keywords | Aedes/virology; Animals; Antibodies, Viral/blood; California/epidemiology; Cattle; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology; Deer; Dog Diseases/epidemiology; Dogs; Encephalitis Virus, California/immunology/*isolation & purification; Encephalitis, California/epidemiology/*veterinary; Female; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses; Insect Vectors/virology; Lagomorpha; Male; Neutralization Tests/veterinary; Peromyscus; Rodent Diseases/epidemiology; Sigmodontinae | ||||
| Abstract | This paper reports the first isolation of Jamestown Canyon (JC) virus from coastal California and the results of tests for antibody to JC virus in mammals living in coastal California. The virus isolation was made from a pool of 50 Aedes dorsalis females collected as adults from Morro Bay, San Luis Obispo County, California. The virus isolate was identified by two-way plaque reduction-serum dilution neutralization tests done in Vero cell cultures. Sera from the mammals were tested for antibody to JC virus by a plaque-reduction serum dilution neutralization method. A high prevalence of JC virus-specific antibody was found in horses and cattle sampled from Morro Bay. This finding is additional evidence for the presence of a virus antigenically identical or closely related to JC virus in Morro Bay and indicates that the vectors of the virus in Morro Bay feed on large mammals. A high prevalence of virus-specific antibody was also found in horses sampled from Marin and San Diego counties. This finding suggests that viruses antigenically identical or closely related to JC virus are geographically widespread in coastal California. | ||||
| Address | School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0002-9637 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:8780458 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2656 | ||
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| Author | McHugh, C.P. | ||||
| Title | Ecology of a semi-isolated population of adult Anopheles freeborni: abundance, trophic status, parity, survivorship, gonotrophic cycle length, and host selection | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1989 | Publication | The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Abbreviated Journal | Am J Trop Med Hyg |
| Volume | 41 | Issue |
2 | Pages | 169-176 |
| Keywords | Aging/physiology; Animals; Anopheles/*physiology; Breeding; California; Cattle/parasitology; Dogs/parasitology; Ecology; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Female; Horses/parasitology; Host-Parasite Relations; Male; Parity; Population Density; Rabbits/parasitology | ||||
| Abstract | A population of adult Anopheles freeborni near Sheridan, CA was sampled daily during 13 August-7 September 1984. Data on abundance, trophic status, and gonotrophic age were recorded. Abundance and gonotrophic age data were analyzed to estimate daily survivorship and gonotrophic cycle length. Daily survivorship for unfed mosquitoes was estimated to be 0.72 with a gonotrophic cycle of 6 days duration. Daily survivorship for bloodfed mosquitoes was estimated to be 0.74 with a gonotrophic cycle of 4 days. The 2 day difference in gonotrophic cycles between unfed and bloodfed mosquitoes was the result of the period required for maturation and mating of teneral females. In 1986, an incage release of field-collected females estimated survivorship at 0.75 per day. Precipitin tests of 1,338 blood-engorged mosquito abdomens indicated that bovids, horses, rabbits, and canids comprised 92% of bloodmeals; no bloodmeals of human origin were detected. | ||||
| Address | Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0002-9637 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:2774063 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2673 | ||
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| Author | Stout, I.J.; Clifford, C.M.; Keirans, J.E.; Portman, R.W. | ||||
| Title | Dermacentor variabilis (Say) (Acarina: Ixodidae) established in southeastern Washington and northern Idaho | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1971 | Publication | Journal of Medical Entomology | Abbreviated Journal | J Med Entomol |
| Volume | 8 | Issue |
2 | Pages | 143-147 |
| Keywords | Animals; Arthropod Vectors; Disease Reservoirs/*epidemiology; Dogs; Ecology; Female; Horses; Humans; Idaho; Larva; Male; Seasons; Sheep; Tick Infestations/*epidemiology/veterinary; Ticks/*classification; Washington; Zoonoses | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0022-2585 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:5157834 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2729 | ||
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| Author | Nowlan, S.S.; Deibel, R.H. | ||||
| Title | Group Q streptococci. I. Ecology, serology, physiology, and relationship to established enterococci | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1967 | Publication | Journal of Bacteriology | Abbreviated Journal | J Bacteriol |
| Volume | 94 | Issue |
2 | Pages | 291-296 |
| Keywords | Animals; Antigens/analysis; Cattle; Dogs; Enterococcus faecalis/metabolism; Feces/microbiology; Horses; Humans; Poultry; Precipitin Tests; Rabbits; Sheep; *Streptococcus/immunology/isolation & purification/metabolism; Swine | ||||
| Abstract | The group Q streptococci possess unique serological and physiological characteristics which differentiate them from established enterococci. The group Q antigen was not demonstrable in all strains; however, all possessed the group D antigen. All group Q strains were physiologically similar regardless of whether or not they possessed the group Q antigen. These strains differed from the established enterococcal species, as they neither hydrolyzed arginine nor initiated growth in 1.0% methylene blue-milk. They also differed radically in the fermentation of various carbohydrates, especially the polyhydric sugar alcohols. The results indicate that the group Q streptococci constitute a unique taxonomic entity; the species designation Streptococcus avium sp. n. is suggested, owing to their characteristic occurrence in chicken fecal specimens. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0021-9193 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:4962699 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2746 | ||
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| Author | Gonzalez-Fernandez, J.M.; Atta, S.E. | ||||
| Title | Facilitated transport of oxygen in the presence of membranes in the diffusion path | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | Biophysical Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Biophys J |
| Volume | 38 | Issue |
2 | Pages | 133-141 |
| Keywords | Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Cell Membrane/*metabolism; Diffusion; Dogs; Horses; Humans; Kinetics; Mathematics; *Models, Biological; Muscles/*metabolism; Oxygen/*metabolism | ||||
| Abstract | Most of the experimental observations on facilitated transport have been done with millipore filters, and all the theoretical studies have assumed homogeneous spatial properties. In striated muscle there exist membranes that may impede the diffusion of the carrier myoglobin. In this paper a theoretical study is undertaken to analyze the transport in the presence of membranes in the diffusion path. For the numerical computations physiologically relevant values of the parameters were chosen. The numerical results indicate that the presence of membranes tends to decrease the facilitation. For the nonlinear chemical kinetics of the reaction of oxygen with the carrier, this decrement also depends on the location of the membranes. At the higher oxygen concentration side of each membrane the flow of combined oxygen is transferred to the flow of dissolved oxygen. The reverse process occurs at the lower concentration side. Jump discontinuities of the concentration of the oxygen-carrier compound at each membrane are associated with these transfers. The decrement of facilitation is due to the cumulative effect of these jump discontinuities. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0006-3495 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:7093418 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3806 | ||
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