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Author |
Loyola, E.G.; Rodriguez, M.H.; Gonzalez, L.; Arredondo, J.I.; Bown, D.N.; Vaca, M.A. |
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Title |
Effect of indoor residual spraying of DDT and bendiocarb on the feeding patterns of Anopheles pseudopunctipennis in Mexico |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Am Mosq Control Assoc |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue  |
4 |
Pages |
635-640 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Anopheles/*physiology; *Carbamates; Cattle; *Ddt; Ecology; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Feeding Behavior/*drug effects; Horses; Humans; Insect Vectors; Insecticide Resistance; *Insecticides; Mexico; *Phenylcarbamates; Seasons |
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Abstract |
Intense and persistent use of DDT for malaria control has increased resistance and induced exophilic behavior of Anopheles pseudopunctipennis. An evaluation of bendiocarb and DDT to control this species in Sinaloa, Mexico, showed that, in spite of DDT-resistance, both insecticides produced similar effects. Feeding patterns were analyzed to explain these results. Resting mosquitoes were collected over the dry and wet seasons. Anophelines were tested in an ELISA to determine the source of the meals. The human blood index (HBI) ranged from 3.3 to 6.8% in DDT- and from 12.7 to 26.9% in bendiocarb-sprayed houses. Irritability and repellency in DDT-sprayed houses could explain the reduced HBI. In contrast, bendiocarb produced higher mortality. These effects could have affected different components of the vectorial capacity and similarly reduced malaria. |
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Center for Malaria Research, Chiapas, Mexico |
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8756-971X |
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PMID:2098469 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2671 |
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Author |
Enileeva, N.K. |
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Title |
[Ecological characteristics of horse stomach botflies in Uzbekistan] |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Parazitologiia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Parazitologiia |
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Volume |
21 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
577-579 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Diptera/*physiology; Ecology; Female; Flight, Animal; Horses/*parasitology; Larva/physiology; Male; Population Dynamics; Uzbekistan |
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Abstract |
The paper describes the flight periods and dynamics of abundance of horse botflies, life span of females and males, effect of environmental factors on the activity of flies and their behaviour, potential fecundity of different species of botflies, duration of embryonal development, preservation of viability of larvae in egg membranes, localization of different stages of botflies in the host, and methods of their control. |
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Russian |
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Original Title |
Ekologicheskie osobennosti zheludochnykh ovodov loshadei v Uzbekistane |
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0031-1847 |
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Notes |
PMID:2958767 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2680 |
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Author |
Strickman, D. |
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Title |
Notes on Tabanidae (Diptera) from Paraguay |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Journal of Medical Entomology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Med Entomol |
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Volume |
19 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
399-402 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Cattle; Diptera/*growth & development; Dogs; Ecology; Female; Geography; Horses; Humans; Insect Bites and Stings/epidemiology/veterinary; Male; Paraguay |
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0022-2585 |
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Notes |
PMID:7154018 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2690 |
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Author |
Iwuala, M.O.; Okpala, I. |
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Title |
Studies on the ectoparasitic fauna of Nigerian livestock II: Seasonal infestation rates |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1978 |
Publication |
Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa. Bulletin des Sante et Production Animales en Afrique |
Abbreviated Journal |
Bull Anim Health Prod Afr |
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Volume |
26 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
351-359 |
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Keywords |
Animal Diseases/*epidemiology; Animals; Cattle; Dogs; Ecology; Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology/*veterinary; Goats; Horses; Nigeria; Seasons; Sheep; Swine |
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ISSN |
0378-9721 |
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Notes |
PMID:756759 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2695 |
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Author |
Iwuala, M.O.; Okpala, I. |
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Title |
Studies on the ectoparasitic fauna of Nigerian livestock I: Types and distribution patterns on hosts' |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1978 |
Publication |
Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa. Bulletin des Sante et Production Animales en Afrique |
Abbreviated Journal |
Bull Anim Health Prod Afr |
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Volume |
26 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
339-350 |
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Keywords |
Animal Diseases/*epidemiology; Animals; Cattle; Dogs; Ecology; Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology/*veterinary; Goats; Horses; Nigeria; Sheep; Swine |
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ISSN |
0378-9721 |
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Notes |
PMID:756758 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2696 |
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Author |
Wang, L.Y. |
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Title |
Host preference of mosquito vectors of Japanese encephalitis |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1975 |
Publication |
Zhonghua Minguo wei Sheng wu xue za zhi = Chinese Journal of Microbiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zhonghua Min Guo Wei Sheng Wu Xue Za Zhi |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
274-279 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Birds/blood; *Culex; Ecology; Encephalitis, Japanese/*transmission; *Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; *Insect Vectors; Mammals/blood; Species Specificity; Taiwan |
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Abstract |
The host preference of 4 Culex mosquito species collected in Miaoli and Pingtung counties, Taiwan was studied by capillary precipitin method. Antisera to alum-precipitated sera of man, bovine, swine, rabbit, horse, dog, cat, mouse, chicken, duck, and pigeon were produced in rabbits and reacted with 758 mosquito blood meals among which reactions to one or more antisera. Culex annulus and Culex tritaeniorhynchus summorosus showed a great avidity for pig, and Culex fuscocephala for bovine. Culex pipiens fatigans was ornithophilic. None of 110 C. t. summorosus and 2.4% of 223 C. annulus had fed on man. Among 66 samples of C.p. fatigans tested 10.3% had fed on man, while none of 359 C. fuscocephala did. It seems that the latter does not act as a primary vector of Japanese encephalitis. |
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0009-4587 |
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Notes |
PMID:181218 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2702 |
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Author |
Scherer, W.F.; Madalengoitia, J.; Flores, W.; Acosta, M. |
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Title |
Ecologic studies of Venezuelan encephalitis virus in Peru during 1970-1971 |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1975 |
Publication |
American Journal of Epidemiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Epidemiol |
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Volume |
101 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
347-355 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Cricetinae/immunology; Culicidae/microbiology; *Disease Vectors; Ecology; *Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine/immunology/isolation & purification; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/immunology/microbiology/transmission; Female; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; Horses/immunology; Humans; Neutralization Tests; Peru |
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Abstract |
Venezuelan encephalitis (VE) virus has intermittently produced epidemics and equine epizootics on the dry Pacific coastal plain of Peru since at least the 1930's. However, evidence that the virus exists in the Amazon region of Peru to the east of the Andes mountains was not obtained until antibodies were found in human sera collected in 1965, and 10 strains of the virus were isolated in a forest near the city of Iquitos, Peru during February and March 1971. Eight strains came from mosquitoes and two from dead sentinel hamsters. Three hamsters exposed in forests near Iquitos developed VE virus antibodies suggesting that hamster-benign strains also exist there. Antibody tests of equine sera revealed no evidence that VE virus was actively cycling during the late 1950's or 1960's in southern coastal Peru, where equine epizootics had occurred in the 1930's and 1940's. In northern coastal Peru bordering Ecuador, antibodies were present in equine sera, presumably residual from the 1969 outbreak caused by subtype I virus, since neutralizing antibody titers were higher to subtype I virus than to subtypes III or IV. No VE virus was detected in this northern region during the dry season of 1970 by use of sentinel hamsters. The possibility is considered that VE epidemics and equine epizootics on the Pacific coast of Peru are caused by movements of virus in infected vertebrates traversing Andean passes or in infected vertebrates or mosquitoes carried in airplanes from the Amazon region. |
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ISSN |
0002-9262 |
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Notes |
PMID:235838 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2705 |
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Author |
Manning, G.S.; Ratanarat, C. |
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Title |
Fasciolopsis buski (Lankester, 1857) in Thailand |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1970 |
Publication |
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Trop Med Hyg |
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Volume |
19 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
613-619 |
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Keywords |
Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Buffaloes; Cattle; Child; Child, Preschool; *Disease Reservoirs; Dogs; Ecology; *Fasciolidae; Feces; Female; Health Surveys; Horses; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; *Plants, Edible; Sex Factors; *Snails; Swine; Thailand; Trematode Infections/*epidemiology |
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ISSN |
0002-9637 |
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Notes |
PMID:5425498 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2734 |
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Author |
Scherer, W.F.; Dickerman, R.W.; Ordonez, J.V. |
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Title |
Discovery and geographic distribution of Venezuelan encephalitis virus in Guatemala, Honduras, and British Honduras during 1965-68, and its possible movement to Central America and Mexico |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1970 |
Publication |
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Trop Med Hyg |
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Volume |
19 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
703-711 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Antibodies/analysis; Belize; Central America; Complement Fixation Tests; Cricetinae; Culicidae; *Disease Reservoirs; Ecology; Encephalitis Viruses/isolation & purification; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/*epidemiology; Guatemala; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; Honduras; Horses; Humans; Mexico; Neutralization Tests; Rats; Sampling Studies; Swine; Tropical Climate |
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0002-9637 |
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PMID:4393224 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2735 |
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Author |
Healy, S.D.; Jones, C.M. |
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Title |
Animal learning and memory: an integration of cognition and ecology |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Zoology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zoology |
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Volume |
105 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
321-327 |
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Keywords |
cognitive ecology; spatial learning and memory; adaptive specialisation |
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Abstract |
Summary A wonderfully lucid framework for the ways to understand animal behaviour is that represented by the four [`]whys' proposed by Tinbergen (1963). For much of the past three decades, however, these four avenues have been pursued more or less in parallel. Functional questions, for example, have been addressed by behavioural ecologists, mechanistic questions by psychologists and ethologists, ontogenetic questions by developmental biologists and neuroscientists and phylogenetic questions by evolutionary biologists. More recently, the value of integration between these differing views has become apparent. In this brief review, we concentrate especially on current attempts to integrate mechanistic and functional approaches. Most of our understanding of learning and memory in animals comes from the psychological literature, which tends to use only rats or pigeons, and more occasionally primates, as subjects. The underlying psychological assumption is of general processes that are similar across species and contexts rather than a range of specific abilities. However, this does not seem to be entirely true as several learned behaviours have been described that are specific to particular species or contexts. The first conspicuous exception to the generalist assumption was the demonstration of long delay taste aversion learning in rats (Garcia et al., 1955), in which it was shown that a stimulus need not be temporally contiguous with a response for the animal to make an association between food and illness. Subsequently, a number of other examples, such as imprinting and song learning in birds (e.g., Bolhuis and Honey, 1998; Catchpole and Slater, 1995; Horn, 1998), have been thoroughly researched. Even in these cases, however, it has been typical for only a few species to be studied (domestic chicks provide the [`]model' imprinting species and canaries and zebra finches the song learning [`]models'). As a result, a great deal is understood about the neural underpinnings and development of the behaviour, but substantially less is understood about interspecific variation and whether variation in behaviour is correlated with variation in neural processing (see review by Tramontin and Brenowitz, 2000 but see ten Cate and Vos, 1999). |
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0944-2006 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4741 |
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