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Author | Broucek, J., Uhrincat, M., Kišac, P., Hanus, A.. | ||||
Title | Hair Whorl Position as a Predictor of Learning Ability and Locomotor Behavior in Cattle? | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | ACTA VETERINARIA BRUNENSIS | Abbreviated Journal | ACTA VET. BRNO |
Volume | 73 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 455-459 |
Keywords | Cattle, hair whorl, reversal learning, open-field | ||||
Abstract | The aim of our work was to investigate the hypothesis that the speed of solving the maze tests and locomotor behavior of heifers in open-field tests are affected by the height location of facial whorl. Fifty-eight Holstein heifers were used. Maze learning was observed at the age of 15 weeks, and an open-field test was applied at two ages, 16 weeks and 18 months. Whorl placement was recorded by one person as each heifer entered the scale. The hair whorl position was determined on the basis of two patterns: A) hair whorl high, middle and low and B) hair whorl high and low. Heifers with a high hair whorl were the fastest (77.8 ± 84.3 s) and heifers with a middle hair whorl the slowest (87.3 ± 100.3 s) in the A pattern during the maze tests. In the B whorl pattern, heifers with a high hair whorl ran across the maze in 84.5 ± 95.2 s and heifers with a low hair whorl in 84.1 ± 97.9 s. The number of crossed squares in a 5-minute open-field test in the A pattern was the non-significantly highest in heifers with a high hair whorl (43.4) at the age of 16 weeks. In the B whorl pattern, heifers with a high hair whorl were also more mobile, but neither differences in individual minutes nor in the whole 5 minutes were significant. Heifers with a high hair whorl displayed the strongest locomotory behavior (37.6 squares) and heifers with a low hair whorl (30.8) were the slowest in the A pattern at the age of 18 months. The differences were not significant. In the B whorl pattern, heifers with a high hair whorl crossed more squares, but the difference was not significant in comparison with heifers with a low hair whorl. We found that the time of traversing the maze and the locomotor activity in open-field test may not be influenced in the dairy cattle by the height facial whorl position |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4321 | ||
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Author | Brandt, K. | ||||
Title | A Language of Their Own: An Interactionist Approach to Human-Horse Communication | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Society and Animals | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 12 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 299-316 |
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Abstract | This paper explores the process of human-horse communication using ethnographic data of in-depth interviews and participant observation. Guided by symbolic interactionism, the paper argues that humans and horses co-create a language system by way of the body to facilitate the creation of shared meaning. This research challenges the privileged status of verbal language and suggests that non-verbal communication and language systems of the body have their own unique complexities. This investigation of humanhorse communication offers new possibilities to understand the subjective and intersubjective world of non-verbal language using beings-human and nonhuman alike. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4386 | ||
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Author | Lefebvre, L.; Reader, S.M.; Sol, D. | ||||
Title | Brains, Innovations and Evolution in Birds and Primates | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Brain, Behavior and Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | Brain. Behav. Evol. |
Volume | 63 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 233-246 |
Keywords | Innovation W Brain evolution W Hyperstriatum ventrale W Neostriatum W Isocortex W Birds W Primates W Tool use W Invasion biology | ||||
Abstract | Abstract Several comparative research programs have focusedon the cognitive, life history and ecological traits thataccount for variation in brain size. We review one ofthese programs, a program that uses the reported frequencyof behavioral innovation as an operational measureof cognition. In both birds and primates, innovationrate is positively correlated with the relative size of associationareas in the brain, the hyperstriatum ventrale andneostriatum in birds and the isocortex and striatum inprimates. Innovation rate is also positively correlatedwith the taxonomic distribution of tool use, as well asinterspecific differences in learning. Some features ofcognition have thus evolved in a remarkably similar wayin primates and at least six phyletically-independent avianlineages. In birds, innovation rate is associated withthe ability of species to deal with seasonal changes in theenvironment and to establish themselves in new regions,and it also appears to be related to the rate atwhich lineages diversify. Innovation rate provides a usefultool to quantify inter-taxon differences in cognitionand to test classic hypotheses regarding the evolution ofthe brain. |
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ISSN | 0006-8977 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4738 | ||
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Author | List, C. | ||||
Title | Democracy in animal groups: a political science perspective | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Trends in Ecology & Evolution (Personal Edition) | Abbreviated Journal | Trends Ecol Evol |
Volume | 19 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 168-169 |
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0169-5347 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:16701250 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5137 | ||
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Author | Aberle, K.S.; Hamann, H.; Drögemüller, C.; Distl, O. | ||||
Title | Genetic diversity in German draught horse breeds compared with a group of primitive, riding and wild horses by means of microsatellite DNA markers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Animal Genetics | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Gen. |
Volume | 35 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 270-277 |
Keywords | diversity; endangered breeds; genetic variation; horse; microsatellite | ||||
Abstract | Summary We compared the genetic diversity and distance among six German draught horse breeds to wild (Przewalski's Horse), primitive (Icelandic Horse, Sorraia Horse, Exmoor Pony) or riding horse breeds (Hanoverian Warmblood, Arabian) by means of genotypic information from 30 microsatellite loci. The draught horse breeds included the South German Coldblood, Rhenish German Draught Horse, Mecklenburg Coldblood, Saxon Thuringa Coldblood, Black Forest Horse and Schleswig Draught Horse. Despite large differences in population sizes, the average observed heterozygosity (Ho) differed little among the heavy horse breeds (0.64�0.71), but was considerably lower than in the Hanoverian Warmblood or Icelandic Horse population. The mean number of alleles (NA) decreased more markedly with declining population sizes of German draught horse breeds (5.2�6.3) but did not reach the values of Hanoverian Warmblood (NA = 6.7). The coefficient of differentiation among the heavy horse breeds showed 11.6% of the diversity between the heavy horse breeds, as opposed to 21.2% between the other horse populations. The differentiation test revealed highly significant genetic differences among all draught horse breeds except the Mecklenburg and Saxon Thuringa Coldbloods. The Schleswig Draught Horse was the most distinct draught horse breed. In conclusion, the study demonstrated a clear distinction among the German draught horse breeds and even among breeds with a very short history of divergence like Rhenish German Draught Horse and its East German subpopulations Mecklenburg and Saxon Thuringa Coldblood. | ||||
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Publisher | Blackwell Science Ltd | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1365-2052 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5184 | ||
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Author | Pongrácz, P; Miklósi, Á; Timár-Geng, K; Csányi, V. | ||||
Title | Verbal Attention Getting as a Key Factor in Social Learning Between Dog (Canis familiaris) and Human. | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Journal of Comparative Psychology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Comp. Psychol. |
Volume | 118 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 375-383. |
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Abstract | Pet dogs (Canis familiaris) learn to detour a V-shaped fence effectively from an unfamiliar human demonstrator. In this article, 4 main features of the demonstrator's behavior are highlighted: (a) the manipulation of the target, (b) the familiarity of the demonstrator, (c) the role of verbal attention-getting behavior, and (d) whether a strange trained dog could also be an effective demonstrator. The results show that the main factor of a successful human demonstration is the continuous verbal communication with the dog during detouring. It was also found that an unfamiliar dog demonstrator was as efficient as the unfamiliar experimenter. The experiments provide evidence that in adult dogs, communicative context with humans is needed for effective interspecific social learning to take place. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5218 | ||
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Author | Robins, A.; Rogers, L.J. | ||||
Title | Lateralized prey-catching responses in the cane toad, Bufo marinus: analysis of complex visual stimuli | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
Volume | 68 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 767-775 |
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Abstract | We tested the responses of Bufo marinus to prey stimuli of varying visual complexity that were moved around the toads in either a clockwise or anticlockwise direction at 1.7 revolutions/min. Predatory responses directed at prey resembling an insect were frequent when the model insect moved clockwise across the visual midline into the right visual hemifield. In contrast, the toads tended to ignore such stimuli when they moved anticlockwise across the midline into the left hemifield. No such lateralization was found when a rectangular strip moved along its longest axis was presented in a similar way. The toads also directed more responses towards the latter stimulus than towards the insect prey. Hence, the results suggest that lateralized predatory responses occur for considered decisions on whether or not to respond to complex insect-like stimuli, but not for decisions on comparatively simple stimuli. We discuss similarities between the lateralized feeding responses of B. marinus and those of avian species, as support for the hypothesis that lateralized brain function in tetrapods may have arisen from a common lateralized ancestor. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5365 | ||
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Author | Galef, J., Bennett G.; Whiskin, E.E. | ||||
Title | Effects of environmental stability and demonstrator age on social learning of food preferences by young Norway rats | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Animal Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
Volume | 68 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 897-902 |
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Abstract | We used socially learned food preferences of Norway rats, Rattus norvegicus, to examine two common predictions of formal models of social learning in animals: (1) that animals living in relatively stable environments should be more attentive to socially acquired information than animals living in highly variable environments, and (2) that older demonstrators should have greater influence than younger demonstrators on the behaviour of young observers. Old and young demonstrators were equally effective in modifying the food preferences of juveniles that interacted with them. However, food choices of rats that were moved daily from one cage to another and fed at unpredictable times for unpredictable periods were less affected by demonstrators than were rats maintained in stable environments. Our results thus provided experimental support for the first, but not the second, prediction from theory. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5610 | ||
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Author | Eriksson, E.; Royo, F.; Lyberg, K.; Carlsson, H.-E.; Hau, J. | ||||
Title | Effect of metabolic cage housing on immunoglobulin A and corticosterone excretion in faeces and urine of young male rats | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Experimental Physiology | Abbreviated Journal | Exp. Physiol. |
Volume | 89 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 427-433 |
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Abstract | Six 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were studied for 9 days divided into three periods of 3 days each: before transferral to metabolism cages, during metabolic cage housing and after return to their home cages. Faeces were collected daily when the animals were housed in their home cages and every 6 h when the animals were housed in metabolic cages during which time urine was also collected every 6 h. The rate of weight gain was slightly reduced during the 3 days in metabolic cages and the animals produced significantly larger amounts of faeces when housed in metabolic cages than when housed in their home cages. The total faecal excretion of corticosterone (nanograms excreted per hour per kilogram body weight) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) (milligrams excreted per hour per kg body weight) quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) exhibited a clear diurnal rhythm in the metabolic cage. Urinary excretions of corticosterone and IgA also followed a clear diurnal cycle. The mean daily amounts of corticosterone excreted were not significantly affected by cage change and by housing in metabolic cages. However, the excretion of faecal IgA was significantly reduced during the 3 days after the period in metabolic cages. Taken together the results indicate that metabolic cage housing is mildly stressful for young adult male rats. | ||||
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Publisher | Blackwell Science Ltd | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1469-445x | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5850 | ||
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Author | Corr, J.A. | ||||
Title | Nuns and monkeys: investigating the behavior of our oldest old | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Science of Aging Knowledge Environment : SAGE KE | Abbreviated Journal | Sci Aging Knowledge Environ |
Volume | 2004 | Issue | 41 | Pages | pe38 |
Keywords | Aged; Aged, 80 and over/*physiology; Aging/*physiology; Animals; Behavior/*physiology; Humans; Macaca mulatta | ||||
Abstract | The use of nonhuman primates, particularly rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), as the best model for human physiological and cognitive aging is broadly accepted. Studies employing nonhuman primates to investigate behavioral changes that may occur with increasing age, however, are not common mostly because of the unavailability of appropriate subjects. Recent longitudinal human studies suggest that individual personality might play a large role in aging “successfully” and in the retention of high levels of cognition into old age. As a result of the demographic trend of increasing numbers of aged monkeys and apes in captivity, an opportunity exists to further investigate behavioral aging using the monkey model. | ||||
Address | Department of Anthropology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401, USA. corrj@gvsu.edu | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1539-6150 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:15483334 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2828 | ||
Permanent link to this record |