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Author Berger, J,
Title Social systems, resources, and phylogenetic inertia: an experimental test and its limitations Type Book Chapter
Year 1988 Publication Ecology of Social Behavior Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 157-186
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Publisher Academic Press Place of Publication San Diego Editor Slobochikoff, C.N.
Language Summary Language Original Title Ecology of Social Behavior
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2234
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Author Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Turner, J.W.
Title Changes in herd stallions among feral horse bands and the absence of forced copulation and induced abortion Type Journal Article
Year 1991 Publication Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.
Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages 217-219
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Abstract Forced copulation and induced abortion were investigated in a herd of feral horses inhabiting a coastal barrier island. Eight mares were diagnosed pregnant in August and October 1989 by means of urinary and fecal steroid metabolites, prior to documented changes in herd stallions. These mares were observed for harassment and forced copulation by the new stallions and for the presence of foals during the spring and summer of 1990. No incidents of harassment or attempts at forced copulation were witnessed and seven of the eight mares produced foals in 1990. These data indicate that forced copulation and induced abortion are not common events among all feral horse herds and suggest reinvestigation of this hypothesized phenomenon.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2327
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Author Mayes, E.; Duncan, P.
Title Temporal patterns of feeding behaviour in free-ranging horses Type Journal Article
Year 1986 Publication Behavior Abbreviated Journal Behav.
Volume 96 Issue Pages 105-129
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2351
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Author Miller, R.
Title Band organisation and stability in Red Desert feral horses Type Book Chapter
Year 1979 Publication Proceedings of a Conference on the Ecology and Behavior of Feral Equids Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 113-123
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Publisher University of Wyoming. Place of Publication Laramie Editor R.H. Denniston
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2361
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Author Monard, A.-M.; Duncan, P.; Fritz, H.; Feh, C.
Title Variations in the birth sex ratio and neonatal mortality in a natural herd of horses Type Journal Article
Year 1997 Publication Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.
Volume 41 Issue 4 Pages 243-249
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Abstract Variations in birth sex ratios and sex differences in juvenile mortality occur in a number of mammalian species, and in many cases have been linked to resource availability. Most of these biases in offspring sex ratios concern polygynous species with pronounced sexual dimorphism, and where females only are philopatric. Data on species with unusual life-history strategies, such as slight sexual dimorphism or dispersal by both sexes, are of particular interest. In this study of a natural herd of horses (Equus caballus) which experienced an eruptive cycle, and therefore a period of nutritional stress, male offspring had higher neonatal mortality rates in nutritionally poor years than in good ones, whereas “year quality” had no effect on the mortality of female offspring; year quality could therefore be used by mares as predictor of sex-specific offspring survival. We show that the environmental conditions that predicted lower survival of males were negatively related to their production: the birth sex ratio the following year was female-biased; and mares were less likely to produce a son when they had produced a son the preceding year. There was no significant effect of mother's parity, age or rank, or the timing of conception or birth on offspring sex ratios. The mechanism leading to biases in the birth sex ratio could have been the loss of male embryos by mares that did not foal. As there was no evidence for selective abortion of male foetuses in females that did foal the next year, it is not necessary to invoke maternal adjustment, though this remains a possibility. Finally, there was a suggestion that male offspring were more costly to raise than females, since mothers that reared a son in poor years tended to experience an increase in the interbirth interval between their two subsequent offspring.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2388
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Author Poletaeva, I.I.; Popova, N.V.; Romanova, L.G.
Title Genetic aspects of animal reasoning Type Journal Article
Year 1993 Publication Behavior Genetics Abbreviated Journal
Volume 23 Issue 5 Pages 467-475
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Abstract This paper reviews the investigations of Prof. L. V. Krushinsky and his colleagues into the genetics of complex behaviors in mammals. The ability of animals to extrapolate the direction of a food stimulus movement was investigated in wild and domesticated foxes (including different fur-color mutants), wild brown rats, and laboratory rats and mice. Wild animals (raised in the laboratory) were shown to be superior to their respective domesticated forms on performance of the extrapolation task, especially in their scores for the first presentation, in which no previous experience could be used. Laboratory rats and mice demonstrated a low level of extrapolation performance. This means that only a few laboratory animals were capable of solving the task, i.e., the percentage of correct solutions was equivalent to chance. The brain weight selection program resulted in two mice strains with a 20% (90-mg) difference in brain weight. Ability to solve the extrapolation task was present in low-brain weight mice in generations 7-11 but declined with further selection. Investigation of extrapolation ability in mice with different chromosomal anomalies demonstrated that animals with Robertsonian translocations Rb(8,17) 1lem and Rb(8,17) 6Sic were capable of solving this task in a statistically significant majority of cases, while mice with fusion of other chromosomes, as well as CBA normal karyotype mice, performed no better than expected by chance. Mice with two types of partial trisomies and animals homo- and heterozygous for translocations were also tested. Although mice with T6 trisomy performed no better than expected by chance, animals with trisomy for a chromosome 17 fragment solved the task successfully. Thus, a genetic component underlying the ability to solve the extrapolation task was demonstrated in three animal species. The extrapolation task in animals is considered to reveal a general capacity for elementary reasoning. The genetic basis of this capacity is very complex.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3089
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Author Zuberbühler, K.
Title Predator-specific alarm calls in Campbell's monkeys, Cercopithecus campbelli Type Journal Article
Year 2001 Publication Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.
Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages 414-422
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Abstract One of the most prominent behavioural features of many forest primates are the loud calls given by the adult males. Early observational studies repeatedly postulated that these calls function in intragroup spacing or intergroup avoidance. More recent field experiments with Diana monkeys (Cercopithecus diana) of Ta&iuml; Forest, Ivory Coast, have clearly shown that loud male calls function as predator alarm calls because calls reliably (1) label different predator classes and (2) convey semantic information about the predator type present. Here, I test the alarm call hypothesis another primate, the Campbell's monkey (C. campbelli). Like Diana monkeys, male Campbell's monkeys produce conspicuous loud calls to crowned hawk eagles (Stephanoaetus coronatus) and leopards (Panthera pardus), two of their main predators. Playback experiments showed that monkeys responded to the predator category represented by the different playback stimuli, regardless of whether they consisted of (1) vocalisations of the actual predators (crowned hawk eagle shrieks or leopard growls), (2) alarm calls to crowned hawk eagles or leopards given by other male Campbell's monkeys or (3) alarm calls to crowned hawk eagles or leopards given by sympatric male Diana monkeys. These experiments provide further evidence that non-human primates have evolved the cognitive capacity to produce and respond to referential labels for external events.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3116
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Author Miyashita, Y.; Nakajima, S.; Imada, H.
Title Differential outcome effect in the horse. Type Journal Article
Year 2000 Publication Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior Abbreviated Journal J Exp Anal Behav
Volume 74 Issue 2 Pages 245-253.
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Abstract hree horses were trained with a discrimination task in which the color (blue or yellow) of a center panel signaled the correct (left or right) response (lever press). Reinforcing outcomes for the two correct color-position combinations (blue-left and yellow-right) were varied across phases. Discrimination performance was better when the combinations were differentially reinforced by two types of food (chopped carrot pieces and a solid food pellet) than when the combinations were randomly reinforced by these outcomes or when there was a common reinforcer for each of the correct combinations. However, the discrimination performance established by the differential outcome procedure was still 80% to 90% correct, and an analysis of two-trial sequences revealed that the stimulus color of the preceding trial interfered with discrimination performance on a given trial. Our demonstration of the differential outcome effect in the horse and its further analysis might contribute to more efficient control of equine behavior in the laboratory as well as in horse sports.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3579
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Author Ajie, B.C.; Pintor, L.M.; Watters, J.; Kerby, J.L.; Hammond, J.I.; Sih, A.
Title A framework for determining the fitness consequences of antipredator behavior Type Journal Article
Year 2007 Publication Behavioral Ecology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol.
Volume 18 Issue 1 Pages 267-270
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Abstract Behavioral ecologists have long been interested in understanding the adaptive value of antipredator behavior (Sih 1987Go; Lima and Dill 1990Go; Lima 1998Go). A recent review by Lind and Cresswell (2005)Go, however, noted some important difficulties with quantifying the fitness consequences of antipredator behaviors. In essence, Lind and Cresswell suggest that most studies do not provide strong evidence on the adaptive value of antipredator behavior because they do not consider 1) trade-offs between antipredator and reproductive performance, 2) the abilities of organisms to avoid fitness losses associated with constraints on focal traits by employing behavioral alternatives (behavioral compensation), and 3) the effects of behavioral defenses at different stages of the predation sequence. The authors rightfully assert that an understanding of these issues can only be accomplished by measuring multiple traits and fitness components (i.e., survival and reproduction). Nevertheless, the question of how to integrate such data into
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Notes 10.1093/beheco/arl064 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4087
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Author Krama, T. [1]; Krams, I. [2]
Title Cost of mobbing call to breeding pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca Type Journal Article
Year 2005 Publication Behavioral Ecology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol.
Volume 16 Issue Pages 37-40
Keywords ntipredator behavior, Ficedula hypoleuca, mobbing calls, mobbing costs, pied flycatcher.
Abstract Mobbing signals advertise the location of a stalking predator to all prey in an area and recruit them into the inspection aggregation. Such behavior usually causes the predator to move to another area. However, mobbing calls could be eavesdropped by other predators. Because the predation cost of mobbing calls is poorly known, we investigated whether the vocalizations of the mobbing pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca, a small hole nesting passerine, increase the risk of nest predation. We used mobbing calls of pied flycatchers to examine if they could lure predators such as the marten, Martes martes. This predator usually hunts by night and may locate its mobbing prey while resting nearby during the day. Within each of 56 experimental plots, from the top of one nest-box we played back mobbing sounds of pied flycatchers, whereas blank tapes were played from the top of another nest-box. The trials with mobbing calls were carried out before sunset. We put pieces of recently abandoned nests of pied flycatchers and a quail, Coturnix coturnix, egg into each of the nest-boxes. Nest-boxes with playbacks of mobbing calls were depredated by martens significantly more than were nest-boxes with blank tapes. The results of the present study indicate that repeated conspicuous mobbing calls may carry a significant cost for birds during the breeding season.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4092
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