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h:, M.; Lévy, F.; Fortin, M.; Leterrier, C.; LansadLansade, L. |
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Title |
Stress and temperament affect working memory performance for disappearing food in horses, Equus caballus |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
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86 |
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6 |
Pages |
1233-1240 |
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delayed-response task emotion; equid; Equus caballus; fearfulness; individual difference; personality; stress; temperament |
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Abstract |
In the present study, we sought to determine the influence of stress and temperament on working memory for disappearing food in horses. After assessment of five dimensions of temperament, we tested working memory of horses using a delayed-response task requiring a choice between two food locations. Delays ranging from 0 to 20 s were tested. The duration of working memory for disappearing food was first characterized without stressors (N = 26). The horses were then divided into two groups and their performance was assessed under stressful (exposure to acute stressors prior to testing, N = 12) or control conditions (N = 12). Results showed that the duration of working memory for disappearing food lasted at least 20 s under nonstressful conditions, and that under stressful conditions this duration lasted less than 12 s. This stress-induced impairment confirms in a nonrodent species that working memory performance is very sensitive to exposure to stressors. In addition, working memory performance in horses is influenced by the temperamental dimension of fearfulness according to the state of stress: fearful horses showed better performance under control conditions and worse performance under stressful conditions than nonfearful horses. These findings are discussed in the context of the Yerkes–Dodson law of stress and performance. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5746 |
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Author |
Benson-Amram, S.; Weldele, M.L.; Holekamp, K.E. |
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Title |
A comparison of innovative problem-solving abilities between wild and captive spotted hyaenas, Crocuta crocuta |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Animal Behaviour |
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85 |
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2 |
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349-356 |
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Crocuta crocuta; innovation; neophobia; problem solving; spotted hyaena |
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Abstract |
Innovative problem solving enables individuals to deal with novel social and ecological challenges. However, our understanding of the importance of innovation for animals in their natural habitat is limited because experimental investigations of innovation have historically focused on captive animals. To determine how captivity affects innovation, and whether captive studies of animal innovation suffer from low external validity, we need experimental investigations of innovation in both wild and captive populations of the same species in diverse taxa. Here we inquired whether wild and captive spotted hyaenas differ in their ability to solve the same novel technical problem, and in the diversity of exploratory behaviours they exhibit when first interacting with the problem. Our results suggest that wild and captive populations show important differences in their innovative problem-solving abilities. Captive hyaenas were significantly more successful at solving the novel problem, and significantly more diverse in their initial exploratory behaviour, than were wild hyaenas. We were able to rule out hypotheses suggesting that these differences result from excess energy or time available to captive animals. We conclude that captive hyaenas were more successful because captive individuals were less neophobic and more exploratory than their wild counterparts. These results have important implications for our interpretation of studies on innovative problem solving in captive animals and aid our attempts to gain a broader understanding of the importance of innovation for animals in their natural habitat. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5657 |
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Nelson, X.J.; Fijn, N. |
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The use of visual media as a tool for investigating animal behaviour |
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2013 |
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Animal Behaviour |
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85 |
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3 |
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525-536 |
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citizen science; crowdsourcing; internet; online resource; opportunistic observation; 'people power'; playback study; preliminary testing; YouTube |
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In this essay we outline how video-related technology can be used as a tool for studying animal behaviour. We review particular aspects of novel, innovative animal behaviour uploaded by the general public via video-based media on the internet (using YouTube as a specific example). The behaviour of animals, particularly the play behaviour focused on here, is viewed by huge audiences. In this essay we focused on three different kinds of media clips: (1) interspecies play between dogs and a range of other species; (2) object play in horses; and (3) animal responses to stimuli presented on iPads, iPods and iPhones. We argue that the use of video is a good means of capturing uncommon or previously unknown behaviour, providing evidence that these behaviours occur. Furthermore, some of the behaviours featured on YouTube provide valuable insights for future directions in animal behaviour research. If we also take this opportunity to convey our knowledge to a public that seems to be fundamentally interested in animal behaviour, this is a good means of bridging the gap between knowledge among an academic few and the general public. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6432 |
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Author |
Rozempolska-Ruciń ska, Iwona; Trojan, Maciej; Kosik, Elż bieta; Próchniak, Tomasz; Górecka-Bruzda, Aleksandra |
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Title |
How “natural” training methods can affect equine mental state? A critical approach -- a review |
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2013 |
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Animal Science Papers & Reports |
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31 |
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3 |
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185 |
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HORSES -- Training; HORSEMANSHIP; HUMAN-animal relationships; LEARNING in animals; ANIMAL psychology; ANIMAL intelligence; ANIMAL welfare |
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Among equestrians the “natural” training methods of horses are gaining widespread popularity due to their spectacular efficiency. Underlying philosophy of trainers – founders of different “natural horsemanship training” (NHT) schools, along with other not well documented statements includes argumentation of solely welfare- and human-friendly effects of NHT in the horse. The aim of this review was to screen scientific papers related to NHT to answer the question whether „natural“ training methods may actually exert only positive effects upon equine mental state and human-horse relationship. It appears that NHT trainers may reduce stress and emotional tension and improve learning processes as they appropriately apply learning stimuli. Basing on revised literature it can be concluded that training is successful provided that [i] the strength of the aversive stimulus meets sensitivity of an individual horse, [ii] the aversive stimulus is terminated at a right moment to avoid the impression of punishment, and [iii] the animal is given enough time to assess its situation and make an independent decision in the form of adequate behavioural reaction. Neglecting any of these conditions may lead to substantial emotional problems, hyperactivity, or excessive fear in the horse-human relationship, regardless of the training method. However, we admit that the most successful NHT trainers reduce aversive stimulation to the minimum and that horses learn quicker with fear or stress reactions, apparently decreasing along with training process. Anyway, NHT should be acknowledged for absolutely positive role in pointing out the importance of proper stimulation in the schooling and welfare of horses. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5726 |
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Author |
Wolter, R.; Pantel, N.; Möstl, E.; Krueger, K. |
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Die Rolle des Alpha-Hengstes in einer Przewalski Bachelor-Gruppe beim Erkunden einer neuen Fläche in einem Semi-Reservat |
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Conference Article |
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2013 |
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Göttinger Pferdetage'13 |
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66 |
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978-3-88542-782-7 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5946 |
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Fuchs, K.; Götz, K.; Manschel, K.; Pohl, L.; Preisendanz, L.; Weil, S.; Weiß, V.; Wittum, J.; Krueger, K. |
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Vergleich der Interaktionen von Pferden in Boxenhaltung mit Weidegang und Pferden in Offenstallhaltung |
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Conference Article |
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2013 |
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Göttinger Pferdetage’13 |
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13 |
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65 |
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978-3-88542-782-7 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5948 |
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Ruess, M.; Schmelz, A.; Krueger, K. |
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Einfluss vitomechanischer Schwingungen auf das Muskuloskeletalsystem der Pferde |
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2013 |
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Göttinger Pferdetage’13 |
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13 |
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111 |
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978-3-88542-782-7 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5949 |
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Lerbs, S.; Raue, T.; Krueger, K |
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Untersuchung der natürlichen Schiefe der Fohlen in Abhängigkeit zur sensorischen und motorischen Lateralität, sowie zur Seitenpräferenz beim Saugen |
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2013 |
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Göttinger Pferdetage’13 |
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13 |
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978-3-88542-782-7 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5950 |
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Krueger, K.; Lerbs, S. |
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Die Schiefe, und die motorische sowie sensorische Lateralität des Pferdes |
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2013 |
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Jahrestagung der DVG, Fachgruppe: Tierschutz & Ethologie und Tierhaltung Umwelt und Tierhygiene |
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ISBN 978-3-86345-177-6 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5951 |
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Author |
Benz, B.; Benitz, B.; Krueger, K.; Winter, D. |
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Title |
Weniger Einstreu bei gleichem Komfort |
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2013 |
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Pferdezucht und Haltung |
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1 |
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66-71 |
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AVA-Verlag-Allgäu GmbH |
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Kempten |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5654 |
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