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Author |
Boyd, R.; Richerson, P.J. |
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Title |
Punishment allows the evolution of cooperation (or anything else) in sizable groups |
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Year |
1992 |
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Ethol. Sociobiol. |
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13 |
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171-195 |
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Existing models suggest that reciprocity is unlikely to evolve in large groups as a result of natural selection. In these models, reciprocators punish noncooperation by with-holding future cooperation, and thus also penalize other cooperators in the group. Here, we analyze a model in which the response is some form of punishment that is directed solely at noncooperators. We refer to such alternative forms of punishment as retribution. We show that cooperation enforced by retribution can lead to the evolution of cooperation in two qualitatively different ways. (1) If benefits of cooperation to an individual are greater than the costs to a single individual of coercing the other n − 1 individuals to cooperate, then strategies which cooperate and punish noncooperators, strategies which cooperate only if punished, and, sometimes, strategies which cooperate but do not punish will coexist in the long run. (2) If the costs of being punished are large enough, moralistic strategies which cooperate, punish noncooperators, and punish those who do not punish noncooperators can be evolutionarily stable. We also show, however, that moralistic strategies can cause any individually costly behavior to be evolutionarily stable, whether or not it creates a group benefit. |
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10.1016/0162-3095(92)90032-Y |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4913 |
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Author |
Reeve, H.K. |
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Title |
Queen activation of lazy workers in colonies of the eusocial naked mole-rat |
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Year |
1992 |
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Nature |
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Nature |
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358 |
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147-149 |
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10.1038/358147a0 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4921 |
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Author |
Ehardt, C.L.; Bernstein, I.S. |
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Title |
Conflict intervention behaviour by adult male macaques: structural and functional aspects |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Coalitions and Alliances in Humans and Other Animals |
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83-111 |
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Oxford University Press |
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Oxford |
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Harcourt, A.H.; de Waal, F.B.M. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4926 |
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Author |
Schneider, K. |
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Title |
Emotionen |
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Year |
1992 |
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Allgemeine Psychologie |
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Verlag Hans Huber |
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Bern |
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Spada Hans |
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3456823029 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5070 |
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Author |
Lamprecht, J. |
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Title |
Variable Leadership in Bar-Headed Geese (Anser Indicus) : an Analysis of Pair and Family Departures |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
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Behaviour |
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Volume |
122 |
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1-2 |
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105-119 |
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This paper reports quantitative leadership differences in semi-captive bar-headed geese (Anser indicus) at different times of the year, and in different types of groups. Leading is defined here as causing the departure or determining the direction of movement of the whole group. No permanent and exclusive leader of a pair or family group was found, rather relative leading frequencies of male, female and young showed a definite shifting pattern. Females led more often than their mates prior to breeding, and on nest pauses during the incubation period, but less often in summer, autumn and early winter. In families there was no difference between the frequencies of male and female leading. Family females led relatively more often than those of pairs without offspring. This difference was related to the presence, not the number, of young. Goslings led the family about as often as the parents during the rearing period in early summer, less often in autumn, winter and next spring. Such differences and changes are to be expected where competence in particular tasks and dependence on partners vary between group members, and where different situations require different abilities. For the geese, the results can be related to the different options of group members and to the different benefits they derive from leaving (or 'staying put') or following (or waiting for the others) in different situations. |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5128 |
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Author |
Krause, J.; Bumann, D.; Todt, D. |
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Title |
Relationship between the position preference and nutritional state of individuals in schools of juvenile roach (Rutilus rutilus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. |
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Volume |
30 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
177-180 |
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Position preferences of well-fed and food-deprived juvenile roach were investigated in schools of 2 and 4 fish in the laboratory. Food-deprived fish appeared significantly more often in the front position than their well-fed conspecifics. For fish at the same hunger level, individuals at the front of the school had the highest feeding rate. These results represent the first evidence for a relationship between the nutritional state of individual fish and their positions in a school and suggest a functional advantage of the preference. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5140 |
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Author |
Zabel, C. J.; Glickman, S. E.; Frank, L. G.; Woodmansee, K. B.; Keppel, G. |
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Title |
Coalition formation in a colony of prepubertal spotted hyaenas |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Coalitions and Alliances in Humans and Other Animals |
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Pages |
113–135 |
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Oxford University Press |
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Oxford |
Editor |
Harcourt, A.H.; de Waal, F.B.M. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5232 |
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Author |
Silk, J. B. |
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Title |
Patterns of intervention in agonistic contests among male bonnet macaques |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Coalitions and Alliances in Humans and Other Animals |
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Pages |
215-232 |
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Oxford University Press |
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Oxford |
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Harcourt, A.H., and de Waal, F.B.M. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5234 |
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Author |
Connor, R. C.; Smokler, R. A.; Richards, A. F. |
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Title |
Dolphin alliances and coalitions |
Type |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Coalitions and Alliances in Humans and Other Animals |
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415-443 |
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Oxford University Press |
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Oxford |
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Harcourt, A.H.;de Waal, F.B.M. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5238 |
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Author |
Noë, R. |
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Title |
Alliance formation among male hamadryas baboons: shopping for profitable partners |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Coalitions and alliances in humans and other animals |
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Pages |
284-321 |
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Oxford University Press |
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Oxford |
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Harcourt, A.H.; deWaal, F.B.M. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5405 |
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