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	Author	Crockford, C.; Wittig, R.M.; Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L.
	Title	Baboons eavesdrop to deduce mating opportunities			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Animal Behaviour.	Abbreviated Journal	Anim. Behav.
	Volume	73	Issue	5	Pages	885-890
	Keywords	baboon; cognition; eavesdropping; extrapair copulation; mate guarding; Papio hamadryas ursinus; primate; social intelligence; third-party relationships; transient relationships
	Abstract	Many animals appear to monitor changes in other individuals' dominance ranks and social relationships and to track changes in them. However, it is not known whether they also track changes in very transient relationships. Rapid recognition of a temporary separation between a dominant male and a sexually receptive female, for example, should be adaptive in species where subordinate males use opportunistic strategies to achieve mating success. Dominant male baboons (Papio hamadryas ursinus) form sexual consortships with oestrous females that are characterized by mate guarding and close proximity. To assess whether subordinate males track temporary changes in the status of other males' consortships, we conducted playback experiments using a two-speaker paradigm. In the test condition, subjects heard the consort male's grunts played from one speaker and his consort female's copulation call played from a speaker approximately 40 m away. This sequence suggested that the male and female had temporarily separated and that the female was mating with another male. In a control trial, subjects heard another dominant male's grunts played from one speaker and the female's copulation call played from the other. In a second control trial, conducted within 24 h after the consortship had ended, subjects again heard the consort male's grunt and the female's copulation call played from separate speakers. As predicted, subjects responded strongly only in the test condition. Eavesdropping upon the temporal and spatial juxtaposition of other individuals' vocalizations may be one strategy by which male baboons achieve sneaky matings.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	816
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	Author	Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M
	Title	Social and non.social knowledge in vervet monkeys			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	1988	Publication	Machiavellian Intelligence	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	255-270
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Oxford Univ Press	Place of Publication	Oxford	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	0-19-852175-8	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ Byrne+Whiten1988			Serial	4787
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	Author	Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M.
	Title	The recognition of social alliances among vervet monkeys			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1986	Publication	Animal Behaviour.	Abbreviated Journal	Anim. Behav.
	Volume	34	Issue		Pages	1722-1731
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4864
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	Author	Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M.
	Title	Reconciliation and redirected aggression in vervet monkeys, Behaviour			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1989	Publication	Behaviour	Abbreviated Journal	Behaviour
	Volume	110	Issue		Pages	258-275
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	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4865
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	Author	Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L.
	Title	Social Awareness in Monkeys			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2000	Publication	Amer. Zool.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	40	Issue	6	Pages	902-909
	Keywords
	Abstract	Tests of self-awareness in nonhuman primates have to date been concerned almost entirely with the recognition of an animal's reflection in a mirror. By contrast, we know much less about non-human primates' perception of their place within a social network, or of their understanding of themselves as individuals with unique sets of social relationships. Here we review evidence that monkeys who fail the mirror test may nonetheless behave as if they recognize themselves as distinct individuals, each of whom occupies a unique place in society and has a specific set of relations with others. A free-ranging vervet monkey, baboon, or macaque recognizes other members of his group as individuals. He also recognizes matrilineal kin groups, linear dominance rank orders, and behaves as if he recognizes his own unique place within them. This sense of “social self” in monkeys, however, is markedly different from self-awareness in humans. Although monkeys may behave in ways that accurately place themselves within a social network, they are unaware of the knowledge that allows them to do so: they do not know what they know, cannot reflect on what they know, and cannot become the object of their own attention.
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	Notes	10.1093/icb/40.6.902			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4934
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	Author	Seyfarth, R. M.; Cheney, D. L.
	Title	Do monkeys understand their realtions?			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	1988	Publication	Machiavellian Intelligence	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Oxford University Press	Place of Publication	Oxford	Editor	Byrne, R.; Whiten, A.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	0-19-852175-8	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5457
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	Author	Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M.
	Title	How Monkeys See the World			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1990	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4866
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