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| Author | Chaudhuri, M.; Ginsberg, J.R. | ||||
| Title | Urinary androgen concentrations and social status in two species of free ranging zebra (Equus burchelli and E. grevyi). | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1990 | Publication | Journal of Reproduction and Fertility | Abbreviated Journal | J Reprod Fert |
| Volume | 88 | Issue | Pages | 127-133 | |
| Keywords | zebra; testosterone; androgens; territoriality; social behaviour; dominance | ||||
| Abstract | In both species of zebra, breeding males had higher urinary androgen concentrations (ng androgens/mg Cr) than did non-breeding bachelor males (30.0 +/- 5.0 (N = 9) versus 11.4 +/- 2.8, (N = 7) in the plains zebra; 19.0 +/- 2.2 (N = 17) versus 10.7 +/- 1.2 (N = 14) in the Grevy's zebra). In the more stable family structure of the plains zebra (single male non-territorial groups) variations in androgen concentrations could not be ascribed to any measured variable. In the Grevy's zebra, androgen values were significantly lower in samples taken from territorial (breeding) males which had temporarily abandoned their territories (N = 4) and the urinary androgen concentration for a male on his territory was negatively correlated with the time since females last visited the territory. | ||||
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| Notes | from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List | Approved | yes | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 987 | |||
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| Author | Cloutier, S.; Newberry, R.C.; Honda, K. | ||||
| Title | Comparison of social ranks based on worm-running and aggressive behaviour in young domestic fowl | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
| Volume | 65 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 79-86 |
| Keywords | Aggression; Social behaviour; Dominance; Play; Chickens; Animal welfare | ||||
| Abstract | Worm-running is behaviour in which a chick runs carrying a worm-like object while flock mates follow and attempt to grab the object from its beak. We hypothesised that social ranks based on worm-running frequency are stable over time and are positively correlated with social ranks based on success in aggressive interactions when older. At 8-12 days of age, we scored worm-running in 17 groups of 12 female White Leghorn chicks during three 10-min tests. Based on instantaneous scans at 5-s intervals, the bird carrying the `worm' most often was placed in rank one and so on down the rank order. These tests were repeated at 68-70 days of age. An aggression index for each bird was calculated as the number of aggressive acts given, divided by the number given and received, during three 1-h observation periods when the birds were 68-70 days. Ranks obtained in worm-running tests were positively correlated over the two age periods (P<0.05) but were not correlated with ranks based on the aggression index (P>0.05). Our results indicate that worm-running ranks are not predictive of success in aggressive interactions. Instead, worm-running fits some criteria for play. | ||||
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| Call Number | Serial | 2090 | |||
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| Author | Christensen, J.W.; Ladewig, J.; Sondergaard, E.; Malmkvist, J. | ||||
| Title | Effects of individual versus group stabling on social behaviour in domestic stallions | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 75 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 233-248 |
| Keywords | Horse; Individual stabling; Group stabling; Social behaviour | ||||
| Abstract | Domestic horses (Equus caballus) are typically kept in individual housing systems, in which they are deprived of physical contact. In order to study the effects of social restrictions on behaviour in young horses, nineteen 2-year-old stallions were housed either singly (n=7), or in groups of three (n=12) for 9 months. Subsequently, the stallions were released into two separate 2 ha enclosures according to treatment, and recordings were made on social interactions and nearest neighbours during a 6-week-period, 28 h per week. Previously group stabled stallions frequently had a former group mate as their nearest neighbour (P=0.001), whereas previously singly stabled stallions did not associate more with their former box neighbours, to whom physical contact was limited by bars during the previous treatment. The nearest neighbour was more frequently recorded to be within one horselength of singly stabled than of group stabled stallions (P=0.005). More aggressive behaviour was recorded in the group of previously singly stabled stallions, i.e. bite threats (P=0.032), whereas group stabled stallions tended to make more use of subtle agonistic interactions (displacements, submissive behaviour). Singly stabled stallions also responded to the 9 months of social deprivation by significantly increasing the level of social grooming (P<0.001) and play behaviour (P<0.001), when subsequently interacting freely with other horses. The increased occurrence may relate to a build-up of motivation (a rebound effect), as well as to external factors, such as playful pasture companions and the increased space allowance of the pasture. It is concluded that 2-year-old domestic stallions are sensitive to social deprivation and that stabling has long-term effects, lasting 6 weeks at least, on the social behaviour in stallions. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2257 | ||
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| Author | Taillon, J.; Cote, S.D. | ||||
| Title | Social rank and winter forage quality affect aggressiveness in white-tailed deer fawns | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 74 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 265-275 |
| Keywords | aggressiveness; agonistic behaviour; body mass loss; dominance status; forage intake; Odocoileus virginianus; resource competition; social behaviour; white-tailed deer; winter forage quality | ||||
| Abstract | Achieving a high social rank may be advantageous for individuals at high population densities, because dominance status may determine the priority of access to limited resources and reduce individual loss of body mass. The establishment of dominance relationships between individuals involves variable levels of aggressiveness that can be influenced by resource availability. The relationship between social rank and aggressiveness and the impacts of resource abundance on aggressiveness are, however, poorly understood, but may be relevant to understand the mechanisms determining dominance relationships between individuals. We experimentally simulated, in seminatural enclosures, a deterioration of winter forage quality induced by a high-density deer population and examined the effects of (1) social dominance and (2) diet quality on aggressiveness, forage intake and body mass loss of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, fawns during two winters. Within diet-quality treatments, fawns were consistently organized into linear hierarchies and showed clear dominance relationships. Dominants initiated more interactions and showed higher aggressiveness than subordinates, but subordinates had higher forage intake than dominants throughout winter. Social rank did not influence cumulative body mass loss of fawns. During both winters, fawns fed the control diet maintained their aggressiveness level, whereas fawns fed the poor-quality diet decreased it. Our experimental approach revealed that white-tailed deer responded to a reduction in winter forage quality by modifying their aggressiveness, indicating that ungulates may show plasticity not only in their foraging behaviour in response to decreased resources but also in their social behaviour. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4203 | ||
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| Author | Valone, T.J. | ||||
| Title | Group foraging, public information, and patch estimation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1989 | Publication | Oikos | Abbreviated Journal | Oikos |
| Volume | 56 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 357-363 |
| Keywords | Techniques; Mathematical techniques; Nutrition; Feeding behaviour; Behaviour; Social behaviour^, Comprehensive Zoology; Mathematical model; Resource patch estimation by group members; use of public information; Foraging; Group behaviour | ||||
| Abstract | Public information is information about the quality of a patch that can be obtained by observing the foraging success of other individuals in that patch. I examine the influence of the use of public information on patch departure and foraging efficiency of group members. When groups depart a patch with the first individual to leave, the use of public information can prevent the underutilization of resource patches. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4274 | ||
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| Author | Motch, S.M.; Harpster, H.W.; Ralston, S.; Ostiguy, N.; Diehl, N.K. | ||||
| Title | A note on yearling horse ingestive and agonistic behaviours in three concentrate feeding systems | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 106 | Issue | 1-3 | Pages | 167-172 |
| Keywords | Horse; Feeding; Agonistic behaviour; Social behaviour; Sex differences | ||||
| Abstract | The objective of this study was to compare behaviours of yearling horses fed concentrates under each of three management systems. Over two consecutive years, 16 yearling horses (n = 8/year; 4 fillies, 4 geldings, full siblings between years) were observed over a 60-day trial period/year at 15:30 h each day. The experimental design consisted of three factors (sex, feeder type, and year); repeated measures on feeder type: tire feeders (control system), individual tub feeders, and manger feeders. Frequency of agonistic interaction was affected by feeder type and sex. Fillies performed more than three times the total number of agonistic behaviours per feeding session as geldings. In both years, horses spent the most time eating and had the fewest agonistic interactions when fed in tire feeders. | ||||
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| Call Number | Admin @ knut @ | Serial | 4342 | ||
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| Author | Krueger, K.; Flauger, B. | ||||
| Title | Social feeding decisions in horses (Equus caballus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
| Volume | 78 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 76-83 |
| Keywords | Feeding decision; Horse; Rank; Social behaviour | ||||
| Abstract | Like many other herbivores, in a natural environment equids feed on rather evenly distributed resources. However, the vegetation in their vast habitats constantly changes. If food is plentiful only little competition occurs over food, and in non-competitive situations domestic horses tend to return to the same feeding site until it is overgrazed. In contrast, they compete over limited food for which the social status of the individuals appears to be important. Especially in ruminants several studies have proved an influence of social organisations, rank, sex and the depletion of feeding sites on the feeding behaviour of individuals. However, it is not yet understood whether and how social aspects affect horses“ feeding decisions. Curiosity about the influence of social rank on the horses” feeding decisions between two, equally with high-quality surplus food-filled buckets placed in different social feeding conditions, led us to create the test below. The observer horses were alternately tested with a dominant and a subordinate demonstrator placed in one of the three different positions. We conclude that domestic horses use social cognition and strategic decision making in order to decide where to feed in a social feeding situation. When possible they tend to return to the same, continuously supplied feeding site and switch to an “avoidance tendency” in the presence of dominant horses or when another horse is already feeding there. Thus, the social rank and the position of conspecifics affect the feeding strategy of horses. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4394 | ||
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| Author | Menke, C.; Waiblinger, S.; Fölsch, D.W.; Wiepkema, P.R. | ||||
| Title | Social Behaviour and Injuries of Horned Cows in Loose Housing Systems | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Animal Welfare | Abbreviated Journal | Anim Welfare |
| Volume | 8 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 243-258 |
| Keywords | ANIMAL WELFARE; HORNED DAIRY COWS; HUMAN-ANIMAL RELATIONSHIP; INJURIES; LOOSE HOUSING; MANAGEMENT; SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR | ||||
| Abstract | The relationship between social behaviour and skin injuries (caused by horns) of loose housed horned cows was investigated on 35 dairy farms. While the frequencies of two agonistic behaviour elements (push and chase away) were positively correlated with the occurrence of skin injuries, the frequencies of butting and homing were not. Butting appears to have an ambivalent motivation, in that its occurrence is correlated positively both with agonistic behaviour and with social licking. Horning showed a positive correlation with social licking only. Four groups of husbandry conditions that may be associated with the occurrence of social behaviour and of injuries were distinguished: i) herd management, with variables including problem solving management by the farmer, integration of new cows, and dealing with periparturient and oestrus cows; ii) human-animal relationship, with variables including ability to identify individual cows, frequency of brushing the cows, number of milkers, and frequency of personnel changes; iii) animal characteristics, with the variable of herd size; and iv) stable characteristics, with the variable of space per cow (m2). The relevance of the husbandry variables investigated here had been confirmed in a previous stepwise regression analysis (Menke 1996). The variables for herd management and human-animal relationship conditions correlated in a consistent way with the occurrence of agonistic behaviour and/or of injuries, while most of them also correlated in the opposite direction with the occurrence of social licking. Herd size correlated positively with agonistic behaviour, but negatively with social licking. Space per cow correlated negatively with agonistic behaviour and injuries. In more than 70 per cent of the herds investigated, the levels of agonistic behaviour and of skin injuries were low, implying that horned dairy cows can be kept with less risk than is often assumed. We argue that such risks strongly depend on management factors that can be improved. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5110 | ||
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| Author | Menke, C.; Waiblinger, S.; Foelsch, D.W.; Wiepkema, P.R. | ||||
| Title | Social Behaviour and Injuries of Horned Cows in Loose Housing Systems | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication | Animal Welfare | Abbreviated Journal | Anim Welfare |
| Volume | 8 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 243-258 |
| Keywords | Animal Welfare; Horned Dairy Cows; Human-Animal Relationship; Injuries; Loose Housing; Management; Social Behaviour | ||||
| Abstract | The relationship between social behaviour and skin injuries (caused by horns) of loose housed horned cows was investigated on 35 dairy farms. While the frequencies of two agonistic behaviour elements (push and chase away) were positively correlated with the occurrence of skin injuries, the frequencies of butting and homing were not. Butting appears to have an ambivalent motivation, in that its occurrence is correlated positively both with agonistic behaviour and with social licking. Horning showed a positive correlation with social licking only. Four groups of husbandry conditions that may be associated with the occurrence of social behaviour and of injuries were distinguished: i) herd management, with variables including problem solving management by the farmer, integration of new cows, and dealing with periparturient and oestrus cows; ii) human-animal relationship, with variables including ability to identify individual cows, frequency of brushing the cows, number of milkers, and frequency of personnel changes; iii) animal characteristics, with the variable of herd size; and iv) stable characteristics, with the variable of space per cow (m2). The relevance of the husbandry variables investigated here had been confirmed in a previous stepwise regression analysis (Menke 1996). The variables for herd management and human-animal relationship conditions correlated in a consistent way with the occurrence of agonistic behaviour and/or of injuries, while most of them also correlated in the opposite direction with the occurrence of social licking. Herd size correlated positively with agonistic behaviour, but negatively with social licking. Space per cow correlated negatively with agonistic behaviour and injuries. In more than 70 per cent of the herds investigated, the levels of agonistic behaviour and of skin injuries were low, implying that horned dairy cows can be kept with less risk than is often assumed. We argue that such risks strongly depend on management factors that can be improved. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5480 | ||
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| Author | Rose-Meierhöfer, S.; Standke, K.; Hoffmann, G. | ||||
| Title | Auswirkungen verschiedener Gruppengrößen auf Bewegungsaktivität, Body Condition Score, Liege- und Sozialverhalten bei Jungpferden | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Züchtungskunde | Abbreviated Journal | Züchtungskunde |
| Volume | 82 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 282–291 |
| Keywords | Liegen, Aktivität, Gruppenhaltung, Jungpferde, Sozialverhalten, Body Condition Score [Lying behaviour, activity behaviour, group housing, young horses, social behaviour, Body Condition Score] | ||||
| Abstract | Ziel der Untersuchung war es, herauszufinden, welche Auswirkungen eine Erhöhung der Gruppengröße bei Jungpferden auf die Bewegungsaktivität, das Liege- und Sozialverhalten und die Körperkondition hat. Hierfür wurden insgesamt 42 Pferde im Alter von ein bis zwei Jahren in Laufstallhaltung in die Untersuchung einbezogen. Die Jungpferde aus der Bewegungs- und Liegeverhaltensanalyse waren in zwei Kleingruppen (acht und 11 Tiere) und einer Großgruppe (23 Tiere) aufgestallt. In der Bewegungsaktivität waren deutliche Unterschiede zu erkennen. Es ließ sich ein positiver Einfluss einer höheren Tierzahl nachweisen, aber kein Einfluss des Alters. Beim Ruheverhalten konnten höhere Liegezeiten und -frequenzen mit einer Zunahme der Gruppengröße und eine Abnahme der Liegezeit mit zunehmendem Alter ermittelt werden. Eine Störung des Liegeverhaltens durch Gruppengrößen, die nicht der natürlichen Herdenstruktur des Pferdes entsprechen, wurde nicht nachgewiesen. Jedoch hatte die Haltung der Jährlinge in der großen Gruppe einen Anstieg der repulsiven Verhaltensweisen zur Konsequenz. Zudem zeigte die Bestimmung des Body Condition Scores Unterschiede in der Körperkondition bei den Jährlingen der Groß- bzw. der Kleingruppe. Einem Mangel an Bewegung, der für das Auftreten von Gliedmaßenerkrankungen und Verhaltensstörungen verantwortlich gemacht wird, kann durch die Haltung von Jungpferden in großen Gruppen entgegengewirkt werden. [It is often discussed that the inactivity of horses causes diseases of their musculoskeletal system. Due to these problems the objective of the investigation was to quantify if the size of a group has an effect on the behaviour of young horses. Data from 42 horses in the age of one to two years have been involved in the investigation. The data of two small groups were compared with data of one big group with 23 horses. The movement and lying behaviour of 28 horses were measured with ALT pedometers. The social behaviour of 33 yearlings was documented by direct observation. The results show that the median of the movement time of horses in group A is 82 minutes per day. In group B this increases to a median of 101 and group C reaches the highest median of 149. In the case of lying time an increasing group size leads to a longer duration and a higher frequency of lying, whereas an increase in the age reduces the lying duration. International research studies have shown that keeping of horses in big group husbandry systems is not very common by the owners of horses. In contrast these investigations have shown that horse keeping in big groups has no negative influence on the social behaviour and the Body Condition Score of young horses.] |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5671 | ||
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