| Records |
| Author |
De Vries, H.; Appleby, M.C. |
| Title |
Finding an appropriate order for a hierarchy: a comparison of the I&SI and the BBS methods |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
59 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
239-245 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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869 |
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| Author |
Chase, I.D.; Bartolomeo, C.; Dugatkin, L.A. |
| Title |
Aggressive interactions and inter-contest interval: how long do winners keep winning? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
48 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
393-400 |
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Abstract. Considerable evidence across many taxa demonstrates that prior social experience affects the outcome of subsequent aggressive interactions. Although the 'loser effect', in which an individual losing one encounter is likely to lose the next, is relatively well understood, studies of the 'winner effect', in which winning one encounter increases the probability of winning the next, have produced mixed results. Earlier studies differ concerning whether a winner effect exists, and if it does, how long it lasts. The variation in results, however, may arise from different inter-contest intervals and procedures for selecting contestants employed across previous studies. These methodological differences are addressed through a series of experiments using randomly selected winners and three different inter-contest intervals in the pumpkinseed sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus. The results indicate that a winner effect does in fact exist in pumpkinseed sunfish, but that it only lasts between 15 and 60 min. Based on these results, predictions about the behavioural dynamics of hierarchy formation are discussed, and it is suggested that it may be impossible, in principle, to predict the outcome of dominance interactions between some individuals before they are actually assembled to form a group. Finally, the possible mechanisms underlying the winner effect are explored. |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
873 |
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| Author |
Becker, C. D.; Ginsberg, J. R. |
| Title |
Mother-infant behaviour of wild Grevy's zebra: adaptations for survival in semidesert East Africa |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
40 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1111-1118 |
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| Abstract |
Mother-infant interactions and patterns of foal behaviour in the Grevy's zebra, Equus grevyi, differe from those reported for other equids. Grevy's zebra foals exhibit longer intervals between suckling bouts, do not drink water until they are 3 months old, and reach independence from the mare sooner than other equids. Furthermore, Grevy's zebra foals advance their acquisition of adult feeding behaviour. A 6-week-old Grevy's zebra foal spends as much time feeding as a 5-month-old wild horse foal. From the time their foals are born until the foals reach an age of 3 months, females form small groups (three females and their foals). These groups are never found further than 2·0 km from surface water and are usually associated with a territorial male. Unlike other equids, the foals of which always follow their mares, when female Grevy's zebra go to drink, they leave their foals in “kindergartens”, which are guarded by a single adult animal, usually a territorial male. It is proposed that many of these differences in behaviour and rates of juvenile development are the result of adaptation to an arid environment. Water requirements during early lactation appear to influence strongly the social behaviour of the Grevy's zebra and should also be a strong influence on the mother-infant behaviour of other arid-living ungulates. |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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yes |
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927 |
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| Author |
Campitelli, S.; Carenzi, C.; Verga, M. |
| Title |
Factors which influence parturition in the mare and development of the foal |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Animal. Ethol. |
| Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
7-14 |
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| Abstract |
Observations are reported of 127 foals born to 127 mares. In particular, comparisons are made between the mare's tendency to foal at night, the length of gestation, the weight of the foal and the weight of the foetal membrane, the time taken by the foal to attain a standing position and the time taken by the mare to expel the foetal membrane and the age of the mare and the season.
The new facts that emerge from the results are: (a) foals from middle-aged (6–11 years) mares are heavier; (b) variations of gestation length are related to the month of conception (just a trend, not a statistically significant result); (c) time for the foal to stand is related to the foal sex (females: 56.3 minutes; males 70.6 minutes, on average), and to the time taken by the mare to expel the foetal membrane; (d) parturitions take place mainly (80%) during the hours of darkness. In spring, the percentage of night births (85%) is higher than in winter (78%). |
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| Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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Serial |
984 |
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| Author |
McLean, I.G.; Schmitt, N.T.; Jarman, P.J.; Duncan, C.; Wynne, C.D.L. |
| Title |
Learning For Life: Training Marsupials To Recognise Introduced Predators |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
| Volume |
137 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1361-1376 |
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Raising endangered species in captivity for reintroduction necessarily results in animals that lack appropriate skills for coping with problems to be faced in the wild, such as predators. Using classical conditioning techniques involving linking fear of a live dog with the image of a fox, we demonstrate an adjusted fear response for two wallaby species (rufous bettongs Aepyprymnus rufescens, quokkas Setonix brachyurus). No differences in response to the fox were found for wild-caught and captive-born bettongs, even though wild-caught subjects were likely to have encountered canids prior to capture. Attempts to condition a fear response by quokkas to an odour were unsuccessful. An attempt to induce fear of the stuffed fox by linking to fear of humans in quokkas was unsuccessful, but quokkas generalised from fear of the dog to fear of the fox, despite a delay of several weeks. Trained dogs offer a valuable and ethically acceptable mechanism for improving the ability of captive-reared (or sequestered) animals to recognise and cope with predators. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2282 |
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Duncan, P.; Foose, T. J.; Gordon, I. J.; Gakahu,C. G.; Lloyd, M. |
| Title |
Comparative nutrient extraction from forages by grazing bovids and equids: a test of the nutritional model of equid/bovid competition and coexistence |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Oecologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Oecologia |
| Volume |
84 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
411-418 |
| Keywords |
Ruminant – Hind-gut fermenter – Intake – Digestion – Competition |
| Abstract |
Ruminants are unevenly distributed across the range of body sizes observed in herbivorous mammals; among extant East African species they predominate, in numbers and species richness, in the medium body sizes (10-600 kg). The small and the large species are all hind-gut fermenters. Some medium-sized hind-gut fermenters, equid perissodactyls, coexist with the grazing ruminants, principally bovid artiodactyls, in grassland ecosystems. These patterns have been explained by two complementary models based on differences between the digestive physiology of ruminants and hind-gut fermenters. The Demment and Van Soest (1985) model accounts for the absence of ruminants among the small and large species, while the Bell/Janis/Foose model accounts both for the predominance of ruminants, and their co-existence with equids among the medium-sized species (Bell 1971; Janis 1976; Foose 1982). The latter model assumes that the rumen is competitively superior to the hind-gut system on medium quality forages, and that hind-gut fermenters persist because of their ability to eat more, and thus to extract more nutrients per day from high fibre, low quality forages. Data presented here demonstrate that compared to similarly sized grazing ruminants (bovids), hind-gut fermenters (equids) have higher rates of food intake which more than compensate for their lesser ability to digest plant material. As a consequence equids extract more nutrients per day than bovids not only from low quality foods, but from the whole range of forages eaten by animals of this size. Neither of the current nutritional models, nor refinements of them satisfactorily explain the preponderance of the bovids among medium-sized ungulates; alternative hypotheses are presented. |
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| Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1035 |
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| Author |
Feh, C .; BOLDSUKH, T.; TOURENQ, C. |
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Are family groups in equids a response to cooperative hunting by predators? The case of Mongolian Kulans (Equus hemionus luteus Matschie) |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Revue d´ écologie (Terre et Vie) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rev Ecol (Terre Vie) |
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49 |
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11-20 |
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1083 |
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Izraely, H.; Choshniak, I.; Shkolnik, A.; Stevens, C.E.; Demment, M.W. |
| Title |
Factors determining the digestive efficiency of the domesticated donkey.(Equus Asinus Asinus ) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1989 |
Publication |
Q J Exp Physiol |
Abbreviated Journal |
Q J Exp Physiol |
| Volume |
74 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-6 |
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Factors determining the digestive efficiency of donkeys were studied in animals fed either a low quality roughage (wheat straw: 77{middle dot}1% neutral detergent fibre, 2{middle dot}8% crude protein) or a high quality forage (alfalfa hay: 47{middle dot}5% neutral detergent fibre, 22{middle dot}7% crude protein). The neutral detergent fibre (NDF) intake when fed wheat straw was 1693 {+/-} 268 g animal-1 day-1, 10% higher than when fed alfalfa hay. Digestive coefficient of NDF and acid detergent fibre (ADF) when fed wheat straw amounted to 50{middle dot}9 {+/-} 4{middle dot}9 and 42{middle dot}0 {+/-} 4{middle dot}1% respectively. NDF and ADF apparent digestibilities and mean retention times (37{middle dot}7 {+/-} 1{middle dot}7 and 36{middle dot}4 {+/-} 3{middle dot}2 h respectively) were not significantly different (P [rang] 0{middle dot}05) between the two diets. The donkey appears to digest cell wall constituents as efficiently as the Bedouin goat when on low quality roughage, but less efficiently when fed alfalfa hay. Its energy digestibility is, however, as high as that reported for the Bedouin goat. The donkey's high energy digestibility is related to its capacity to digest soluble food components more efficiently than the ruminant. The mean retention time in the donkey is shorter than in the Bedouin goat and is consistent with its capacity to compensate for a lower quality diet by increasing its intake rate. Recycling of urea in donkeys maintained on wheat straw amounted to 75{middle dot}5 {+/-} 13{middle dot}0% of the entry rate. A decrease in the rate of renal urea filtration, coupled with an increase in the fraction reabsorbed, increased the retention of nitrogenous waste and permitted recycling of nitrogen into the gut. N1 - |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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yes |
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1216 |
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PITRA, C.H.; STREICH, W.J.; REINSCH, A.; FICKEL, J. |
| Title |
Die Population des Somali-Wildesels (Equus africanus somalicus Sclater) in menschlicher Obhut: Demographische und genetische Aspekte |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Zoologische Garten |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zool. Garten. |
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N.F. 65 |
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4 |
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245-257 |
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1472 |
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Ruffner Ga, C.S. |
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Age structure, condition, and reproduction of two burro (Equus asinus) populations from Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona |
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1979 |
Publication |
Symposium on the Ecology and Behavior of wild and feral Equids, Laramie |
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235 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1534 |
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