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Author Nelson, W.A.; Keirans, J.E.; Bell, J.F.; Clifford, C.M. openurl 
  Title Host-ectoparasite relationships Type Journal Article
  Year 1975 Publication Journal of Medical Entomology Abbreviated Journal J Med Entomol  
  Volume 12 Issue 2 Pages 143-166  
  Keywords Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Anoplura/physiology; *Arthropods; Birds/parasitology; Chickens/parasitology; Dermacentor/parasitology; Diptera; Ecology; Feeding Behavior; Female; Horses/parasitology; Humans; Male; Mallophaga/physiology; Mice/parasitology; Mites/physiology; Reproduction; Sarcoptes scabiei/physiology; Sheep/parasitology; Skin/parasitology; Ticks/physiology; Toxins, Biological/toxicity; Trombiculidae/physiology  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  ISSN (up) 0022-2585 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:808617 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2704  
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Author Edman, J.D. openurl 
  Title Host-feeding patterns of Florida mosquitoes. I. Aedes, Anopheles, Coquillettidia, Mansonia and Psorophora Type Journal Article
  Year 1971 Publication Journal of Medical Entomology Abbreviated Journal J Med Entomol  
  Volume 8 Issue 6 Pages 687-695  
  Keywords *Aedes; Animals; *Anopheles; Birds; Cats; Cattle; *Culicidae; Dogs; Ecology; *Feeding Behavior; Female; Florida; Horses; Humans; Swine  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  ISSN (up) 0022-2585 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:4403447 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2722  
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Author Tempelis, C.H.; Nelson, R.L. openurl 
  Title Blood-feeding patterns of midges of the Culicoides variipennis complex in Kern County, California Type Journal Article
  Year 1971 Publication Journal of Medical Entomology Abbreviated Journal J Med Entomol  
  Volume 8 Issue 5 Pages 532-534  
  Keywords Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cattle; Ceratopogonidae/*immunology; Chickens; Dogs; Ecology; Feeding Behavior; Female; Horses; Humans; Immune Sera; Mice; Precipitin Tests; Rabbits; Rats; Sciuridae; Sheep  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  ISSN (up) 0022-2585 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:5160258 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2723  
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Author Zentall, T.R. doi  openurl
  Title Support for a theory of memory for event duration must distinguish between test-trial ambiguity and actual memory loss Type Journal Article
  Year 1999 Publication Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Abbreviated Journal J Exp Anal Behav  
  Volume 72 Issue 3 Pages 467-472  
  Keywords Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Columbidae; Conditioning, Operant/physiology; Discrimination Learning/physiology; Memory/*physiology; *Psychological Theory; Time Factors; Time Perception/physiology  
  Abstract Staddon and Higa's (1999) trace-strength theory of timing and memory for event duration can account for pigeons' bias to “choose short” when retention intervals are introduced and to “choose long” when, following training with a fixed retention interval, retention intervals are shortened. However, it does not account for the failure of pigeons to choose short when the intertrial interval is distinct from the retention interval. That finding suggests that stimulus generalization (or ambiguity) between the intertrial interval and the retention interval may result in an effect that has been attributed to memory loss. Such artifacts must be eliminated before a theory of memory for event duration can be adequately tested.  
  Address Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506, USA. zentall@pop.uky.edu  
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  ISSN (up) 0022-5002 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:10605105 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 251  
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Author Biederman, G.B.; Robertson, H.A.; Vanayan, M. doi  openurl
  Title Observational learning of two visual discriminations by pigeons: a within-subjects design Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Abbreviated Journal J Exp Anal Behav  
  Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 45-49  
  Keywords Animals; Attention; Columbidae; Conditioning, Operant; Cues; *Discrimination Learning; *Imitative Behavior; Male; Visual Perception  
  Abstract Pigeon's observational learning of successive visual discrimination was studied using within-subject comparisons of data from three experimental conditions. Two pairs of discriminative stimuli were used; each bird was exposed to two of the three experimental conditions, with different pairs of stimuli used in a given bird's two conditions. In one condition, observers were exposed to visual discriminative stimuli only. In a second condition, subjects were exposed to a randomly alternating sequence of two stimuli where the one that would subsequently be used as S+ was paired with the operation of the grain magazine. In a third experimental condition, subjects were exposed to the performance of a conspecific in the operant discrimination procedure. After exposures to conspecific performances, there was facilitation of discriminative learning, relative to that which followed exposures to stimulus and reinforcement sequences or exposures to stimulus sequences alone. Exposure to stimulus and food-delivery sequences enhanced performance relative to exposure to stimulus sequences alone. The differential effects of these three types of exposure were not attributable to order effects or to task difficulty; rather, they clearly were due to the type of exposure.  
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  ISSN (up) 0022-5002 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:3746187 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 853  
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Author Dougherty, D.M.; Lewis, P. doi  openurl
  Title Stimulus generalization, discrimination learning, and peak shift in horses Type Journal Article
  Year 1991 Publication Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Abbreviated Journal J Exp Anal Behav  
  Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 97-104  
  Keywords Animals; *Appetitive Behavior; Attention; *Conditioning, Operant; *Discrimination Learning; Female; *Generalization, Stimulus; Horses/*psychology; Male; *Pattern Recognition, Visual; Size Perception  
  Abstract Using horses, we investigated three aspects of the stimulus control of lever-pressing behavior: stimulus generalization, discrimination learning, and peak shift. Nine solid black circles, ranging in size from 0.5 in. to 4.5 in. (1.3 cm to 11.4 cm) served as stimuli. Each horse was shaped, using successive approximations, to press a rat lever with its lip in the presence of a positive stimulus, the 2.5-in. (6.4-cm) circle. Shaping proceeded quickly and was comparable to that of other laboratory organisms. After responding was maintained on a variable-interval 30-s schedule, stimulus generalization gradients were collected from 2 horses prior to discrimination training. During discrimination training, grain followed lever presses in the presence of a positive stimulus (a 2.5-in circle) and never followed lever presses in the presence of a negative stimulus (a 1.5-in. [3.8-cm] circle). Three horses met a criterion of zero responses to the negative stimulus in fewer than 15 sessions. Horses given stimulus generalization testing prior to discrimination training produced symmetrical gradients; horses given discrimination training prior to generalization testing produced asymmetrical gradients. The peak of these gradients shifted away from the negative stimulus. These results are consistent with discrimination, stimulus generalization, and peak-shift phenomena observed in other organisms.  
  Address Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens 45701  
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  ISSN (up) 0022-5002 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:1940765 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1764  
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Author Dougherty, D.M.; Lewis, P. doi  openurl
  Title Generalization of a tactile stimulus in horses Type Journal Article
  Year 1993 Publication Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior Abbreviated Journal J Exp Anal Behav  
  Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 521-528  
  Keywords Animals; Behavior, Animal; Female; *Horses; Male; Reinforcement (Psychology); *Touch  
  Abstract Using horses, we investigated the control of operant behavior by a tactile stimulus (the training stimulus) and the generalization of behavior to six other similar test stimuli. In a stall, the experimenters mounted a response panel in the doorway. Located on this panel were a response lever and a grain dispenser. The experimenters secured a tactile-stimulus belt to the horse's back. The stimulus belt was constructed by mounting seven solenoids along a piece of burlap in a manner that allowed each to provide the delivery of a tactile stimulus, a repetitive light tapping, at different locations (spaced 10.0 cm apart) along the horse's back. Two preliminary steps were necessary before generalization testing: training a measurable response (lip pressing) and training on several reinforcement schedules in the presence of a training stimulus (tapping by one of the solenoids). We then gave each horse two generalization test sessions. Results indicated that the horses' behavior was effectively controlled by the training stimulus. Horses made the greatest number of responses to the training stimulus, and the tendency to respond to the other test stimuli diminished as the stimuli became farther away from the training stimulus. These findings are discussed in the context of behavioral principles and their relevance to the training of horses.  
  Address Human Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston 77030  
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  ISSN (up) 0022-5002 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:8315368 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3571  
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Author Mitman, G. openurl 
  Title Dominance, leadership, and aggression: animal behavior studies during the Second World War Type Journal Article
  Year 1990 Publication Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences Abbreviated Journal J Hist Behav Sci  
  Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 3-16  
  Keywords *Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Dominance-Subordination; History, 20th Century; *Leadership; Political Systems; *Social Dominance; United States  
  Abstract During the decade surrounding the Second World War, an extensive literature on the biological and psychological basis of aggression surfaced in America, a literature that in general emphasized the significance of learning and environment in the origins of aggressive behavior. Focusing on the animal behavior research of Warder Clyde Allee and John Paul Scott, this paper examines the complex interplay among conceptual, institutional, and societal forces that created and shaped a discourse on the subjects of aggression, dominance, and leadership within the context of World War II. The distinctions made between sexual and social dominance during this period, distinctions accentuated by the threat of totalitarianism abroad, and the varying ways that interpretations of behavior could be negotiated attests to the multiplicity of interactions that influence the development of scientific research.  
  Address University of Wisconsin  
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  ISSN (up) 0022-5061 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:2405050 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2044  
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Author Broom, M. openurl 
  Title A unified model of dominance hierarchy formation and maintenance Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication Journal of theoretical biology Abbreviated Journal J. Theor. Biol.  
  Volume 219 Issue 1 Pages 63-72  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Feeding Behavior; *Models, Psychological; *Social Dominance; Social Environment  
  Abstract In many different species it is common for animals to spend large portions of their lives in groups. Such groups need to divide available resources amongst the individuals they contain and this is often achieved by means of a dominance hierarchy. Sometimes hierarchies are stable over a long period of time and new individuals slot into pre-determined positions, but there are many situations where this is not so and a hierarchy is formed out of a group of individuals meeting for the first time. There are several different models both of the formation of such dominance hierarchies and of already existing hierarchies. These models often treat the two phases as entirely separate, whereas in reality, if there is a genuine formation phase to the hierarchy, behaviour in this phase will be governed by the rewards available, which in turn depends upon how the hierarchy operates once it has been formed. This paper describes a method of unifying models of these two distinct phases, assuming that the hierarchy formed is stable. In particular a framework is introduced which allows a variety of different models of each of the two parts to be used in conjunction with each other, thus enabling a wide range of situations to be modelled. Some examples are given to show how this works in practice.  
  Address Centre for Statistics and Stochastic Modelling, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH, U.K. m.broom@sussex.ac.uk  
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  ISSN (up) 0022-5193 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:12392975 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 439  
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Author Viscido, S.V.; Miller, M.; Wethey, D.S. openurl 
  Title The dilemma of the selfish herd: the search for a realistic movement rule Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication Journal of theoretical biology Abbreviated Journal J. Theor. Biol.  
  Volume 217 Issue 2 Pages 183-194  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Mass Behavior; Models, Biological; *Motor Activity; Predatory Behavior  
  Abstract The selfish herd hypothesis predicts that aggregations form because individuals move toward one another to minimize their own predation risk. The “dilemma of the selfish herd” is that movement rules that are easy for individuals to follow, fail to produce true aggregations, while rules that produce aggregations require individual behavior so complex that one may doubt most animals can follow them. If natural selection at the individual level is responsible for herding behavior, a solution to the dilemma must exist. Using computer simulations, we examined four different movement rules. Relative predation risk was different for all four movement rules (p<0.05). We defined three criteria for measuring the quality of a movement rule. A good movement rule should (a) be statistically likely to benefit an individual that follows it, (b) be something we can imagine most animals are capable of following, and (c) result in a centrally compact flock. The local crowded horizon rule, which allowed individuals to take the positions of many flock-mates into account, but decreased the influence of flock-mates with distance, best satisfied these criteria. The local crowded horizon rule was very sensitive to the animal's perceptive ability. Therefore, the animal's ability to detect its neighbors is an important factor in the dynamics of group formation.  
  Address Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA. viscido@u.washington.edu  
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  ISSN (up) 0022-5193 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:12202112 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 554  
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