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Author Hall, R.A.; Broom, A.K.; Smith, D.W.; Mackenzie, J.S. openurl 
  Title The ecology and epidemiology of Kunjin virus Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology Abbreviated Journal Curr Top Microbiol Immunol  
  Volume 267 Issue Pages 253-269  
  Keywords Animals; Culicidae/virology; Ecosystem; Horse Diseases/etiology; Horses; Humans; Insect Vectors; Population Surveillance; West Nile Fever/*epidemiology/*etiology/veterinary; West Nile virus/classification/genetics/immunology/*isolation & purification  
  Abstract  
  Address Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0070-217X ISBN (up) Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:12082993 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2642  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Goncalves, T.C.; Rocha, D.S.; Cunha, R.A. openurl 
  Title Feeding patterns of Triatoma vitticeps in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Revista de Saude Publica Abbreviated Journal Rev Saude Publica  
  Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages 348-352  
  Keywords Animals; Brazil; Cattle; Chagas Disease/transmission; Dogs; Ecology; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Female; Food Habits/physiology; Humans; Insect Vectors/*physiology; Male; Triatoma/*physiology; *Trypanosoma cruzi/isolation & purification  
  Abstract OBJECTIVE: Feeding patterns of triatomines have contributed to elucidate its biology. Triatoma vitticeps, naturally infected with T. cruzi, has been found in domiciles. Its behavior and epidemiological patterns were investigated. METHODS: One-hundred and twenty two specimens of T. vitticeps were captured from February 1989 to April 1993 in two areas of Triunfo municipality, a subdistrict of Santa Maria Madalena municipal district, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The insects were dissected and their intestinal contents were removed and tested. It was used antisera from: man, cow, horse, dog, pig, armadillo, opossum, rodent, and bird. RESULTS: From the total analyzed, 79 were positive and 43 were negative to the nine antisera tested: armadillo (30.3%) > human and pig (13.1%) > bird and dog (11.5%) > horse (5.7%) > opossum (4.9%) > rodent (4. 1%) > cow (3.3%). Blood meals ranged from 0 to 4 and 6 in the following distribution: 0 = 25.41%; 1 = 45.08%; 2 = 10.66%; 3 = 6. 56%; 4 = 1.64%, and 6 = 0.82%. Nine of the 122 insects captured were not examined, 74 (65.54%) were positive for T. cruzi infection and 39 (34.51%) were negative. CONCLUSIONS: These results identified the T. vitticeps as being a sylvatic species and trypanosomiasis as being an enzootic disease. Epidemiological vigilance will be important to provide more information regarding the behavior of the species  
  Address Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto swaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. tcmonte@gene.dbbm.fiocruz.br  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0034-8910 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:10973153 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2650  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Lemasson, J.J.; Fontenille, D.; Lochouarn, L.; Dia, I.; Simard, F.; Ba, K.; Diop, A.; Diatta, M.; Molez, J.F. openurl 
  Title Comparison of behavior and vector efficiency of Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis (Diptera:Culicidae) in Barkedji, a Sahelian area of Senegal Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Journal of Medical Entomology Abbreviated Journal J Med Entomol  
  Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages 396-403  
  Keywords Animals; Anopheles/*parasitology; *Behavior, Animal; Cattle; Desert Climate; Horses/parasitology; Humans; Insect Vectors/*parasitology; Longitudinal Studies; Malaria/*transmission; Malaria, Falciparum/transmission; Periodicity; Plasmodium malariae/isolation & purification; Protozoan Proteins/analysis; Rain; Seasons; Senegal; Sheep/parasitology; Species Specificity  
  Abstract The ecology, population dynamics, and malaria vector efficiency of Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis were studied for 2 yr in a Sahelian village of Senegal. Anophelines were captured at human bait and resting indoors by pyrethrum spray. Mosquitoes belonging to the An. gambiae complex were identified by polymerase chain reaction. Of 26,973 females, An. arabiensis represented 79% of the mosquitoes captured and remained in the study area longer than An. gambiae after the rains terminated. There were no differences in nocturnal biting cycles or endophagous rates between An. gambiae and An. arabiensis. Based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test of bloodmeals, the anthropophilic rate of these 2 vectors were both approximately 60%, when comparisons were made during the same period. Overall, 18% of the resting females had patent mixed bloodmeals, mainly human-bovine. The parity rates of An. gambiae and An. arabiensis varied temporally. Despite similar behavior, the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) rates were different between An. gambiae (4.1%) and An. arabiensis (1.3%). P. malariae and P. ovale only represented 4% of the total Plasmodium identified in mosquitoes. Transmission was seasonal, occurring mainly during 4 mo. The CSP entomological inoculation rates were 128 bites per human per year for the 1st yr and 100 for the 2nd yr. Because of the combination of a high human biting rate and a low CSP rate, An. arabiensis accounted for 63% of transmission. Possible origin of differences in CSP rate between An. gambiae and An. arabiensis is discussed in relation to the parity rate, blood feeding frequency, and the hypothesis of genetic factors.  
  Address Institut Francais de Recherche Scientifique pour le Developpement en cooperation (ORSTOM), Institut Pasteur, Dakar, Senegal  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0022-2585 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:9220672 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2655  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Fulhorst, C.F.; Hardy, J.L.; Eldridge, B.F.; Chiles, R.E.; Reeves, W.C. openurl 
  Title Ecology of Jamestown Canyon virus (Bunyaviridae: California serogroup) in coastal California Type Journal Article
  Year 1996 Publication The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Abbreviated Journal Am J Trop Med Hyg  
  Volume 55 Issue 2 Pages 185-189  
  Keywords Aedes/virology; Animals; Antibodies, Viral/blood; California/epidemiology; Cattle; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology; Deer; Dog Diseases/epidemiology; Dogs; Encephalitis Virus, California/immunology/*isolation & purification; Encephalitis, California/epidemiology/*veterinary; Female; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses; Insect Vectors/virology; Lagomorpha; Male; Neutralization Tests/veterinary; Peromyscus; Rodent Diseases/epidemiology; Sigmodontinae  
  Abstract This paper reports the first isolation of Jamestown Canyon (JC) virus from coastal California and the results of tests for antibody to JC virus in mammals living in coastal California. The virus isolation was made from a pool of 50 Aedes dorsalis females collected as adults from Morro Bay, San Luis Obispo County, California. The virus isolate was identified by two-way plaque reduction-serum dilution neutralization tests done in Vero cell cultures. Sera from the mammals were tested for antibody to JC virus by a plaque-reduction serum dilution neutralization method. A high prevalence of JC virus-specific antibody was found in horses and cattle sampled from Morro Bay. This finding is additional evidence for the presence of a virus antigenically identical or closely related to JC virus in Morro Bay and indicates that the vectors of the virus in Morro Bay feed on large mammals. A high prevalence of virus-specific antibody was also found in horses sampled from Marin and San Diego counties. This finding suggests that viruses antigenically identical or closely related to JC virus are geographically widespread in coastal California.  
  Address School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0002-9637 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:8780458 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2656  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Beveridge, W.I. openurl 
  Title Unravelling the ecology of influenza A virus Type Journal Article
  Year 1993 Publication History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Abbreviated Journal Hist Philos Life Sci  
  Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 23-32  
  Keywords Animals; Bird Diseases/epidemiology/*history/microbiology; Birds; Ecology; History, 20th Century; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/*history/microbiology; Horses; Humans; Influenza A virus/*isolation & purification; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/*history/microbiology/*veterinary; Swine; Swine Diseases/epidemiology/*history/microbiology; Zoonoses/history  
  Abstract For 20 years after the influenza A virus was discovered in the early 1930s, it was believed to be almost exclusively a human virus. But in the 1950s closely related viruses were discovered in diseases of horses, pigs and birds. Subsequently influenza A viruses were found to occur frequently in many species of birds, particularly ducks, usually without causing disease. Researchers showed that human and animal strains can hybridise thus producing new strains. Such hybrids may be the cause of pandemics in man. Most pandemics have started in China or eastern Russia where many people are in intimate association with animals. This situation provides a breeding ground for new strains of influenza A virus.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0391-9714 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:8310117 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2667  
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Author Holzapfel, W.H.; Botha, S.J. openurl 
  Title Physiology of Sporolactobacillus strains isolated from different habitats and the indication of in vitro antagonism against Bacillus species Type Journal Article
  Year 1988 Publication International Journal of Food Microbiology Abbreviated Journal Int J Food Microbiol  
  Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 161-168  
  Keywords Animals; Bacillaceae/isolation & purification/*physiology; Bacillus/*physiology; Cattle; *Ecology; Feces/*microbiology; Food Microbiology; Horses; Sewage; Sheep; Water Microbiology  
  Abstract In an ecological study only low numbers of Sporolactobacillus were found in habitats such as the faeces of herbivores, the rumen of cattle and the final waste water of an abattoir. Their presence in the final waste water of an abattoir indicates their possible association with food, and, more specifically, with meat. Differences were found in some physiological characteristics. One isolate (L2404) differed from the authentic Sporolactobacillus ATCC 15538 by its inability to ferment inulin, its growth in presence of 6.5% NaCl and in 0.2% tellurite, by the isomer(s) of lactic acid produced and the mol% G + G in the DNA. One Sporolactobacillus isolate (L2407) showed antagonism against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus cereus var, mycoides, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis.  
  Address Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Republic of South Africa  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0168-1605 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:3275317 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2675  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Satorov, S.S.; Orzuev, M.I. openurl 
  Title [Frequency of the isolation of staphylococci from domestic animals and strain identification] Type Journal Article
  Year 1987 Publication Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii, i Immunobiologii Abbreviated Journal Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol  
  Volume Issue 12 Pages 37-39  
  Keywords Animals; Animals, Domestic/*microbiology; Bacteriophage Typing; Carrier State/microbiology/veterinary; Cats; Ecology; Goats; Horses; Perissodactyla; Sheep; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology/veterinary; Staphylococcus/classification/*isolation & purification  
  Abstract Staphylococci occur in donkeys more frequently than in other animals, and only from donkeys coagulase-negative staphylococci, characteristic of humans (S. hominis, S. capitis, S. cohnii), were isolated. Least frequently staphylococcal carrier state was registered in cats; in these animals only coagulase-negative strains were found to occur. From 30 donkeys coagulase-positive staphylococci belonging to 47 S. aureus strains were isolated. These strains differed from known ecological variants in their biological properties, thus suggesting the existence of S. aureus ecovar specific for donkeys. These strains did not coagulate human, bovine and ovine plasma, but coagulated rabbit plasma in 100% of cases and donkey plasma only in 53% of cases; at the same time they relatively often produced delta hemolysin, rarely phosphatase and hyaluronidase and never fibrinolysin. These strains were typed by KPC phages, mainly 116 and 117.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Russian Summary Language Original Title Chastota vydeleniia stafilokokkov u domashnykh zhivotnykh i identifikatsiia shtammov  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0372-9311 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:3445728 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2676  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Takai, S.; Fujimori, T.; Katsuzaki, K.; Tsubaki, S. openurl 
  Title Ecology of Rhodococcus equi in horses and their environment on horse-breeding farms Type Journal Article
  Year 1987 Publication Veterinary Microbiology Abbreviated Journal Vet Microbiol  
  Volume 14 Issue 3 Pages 233-239  
  Keywords Actinomycetales Infections/*veterinary; Animals; Animals, Newborn/*microbiology; *Environmental Microbiology; Feces/microbiology; Female; Horse Diseases/*microbiology; Horses/*microbiology; Rhodococcus/*isolation & purification  
  Abstract Quantitative culture of R. equi in the feces of dams and foals, in the air of the stalls and in the soil of the paddocks was carried out on three horse-breeding farms during the foaling season. The isolation rates of R. equi from the feces of dams from the 3 farms suddenly increased to approximately 80% at the end of March, when the snow in the paddocks finished melting, and remained at that level during April and May. The mean number of R. equi and the isolation rate of R. equi from the feces of dams on the farms were investigated for 5 weeks before and 5 weeks after delivery. During the 10 weeks, there were no differences in the isolation rate or in the mean number of R. equi from the feces of dams. R. equi was first isolated from the feces of the foals born in February and the middle of March at 3-4 weeks of age, on the other hand, it was first isolated from the feces of foals born in the end of March and April at 1-2 weeks of age. The number of R. equi in the soil collected from the paddocks used by dams during the winter was approximately 10(2)-10(4) g-1 of soil during the experiment. R. equi was isolated from the air in the stalls at the end of March and the number of R. equi in the air increased particularly on dry and windy days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  
  Address Department of Animal Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0378-1135 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:3672865 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2679  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Polley, L. openurl 
  Title Strongylid parasites of horses: experimental ecology of the free-living stages on the Canadian prairie Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication American Journal of Veterinary Research Abbreviated Journal Am J Vet Res  
  Volume 47 Issue 8 Pages 1686-1693  
  Keywords Animals; Canada; Ecology; Feces; Female; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology/parasitology; Horses; Larva; Ovum/cytology; Seasons; Strongyloides/isolation & purification; Strongyloidiasis/epidemiology/*veterinary  
  Abstract Each month for a 1-year period (October through September), equine fecal masses containing eggs of strongylid nematodes were placed outdoors on small grass plots in Saskatchewan, Canada. Thereafter, feces and grass from the plots were sampled after intervals of 1 week or longer, and the strongylid eggs and larvae recovered were counted. These observations were made over a 2-year period. Development of eggs to infective larvae occurred in all experiments, except those established in October, December, and January. Infective larvae from experiments set up in April through September survived that winter. During the summer, there was a gradual build up of infective larvae in the fecal masses, which reached a peak in August and September and then decreased into the winter. These results are discussed in the context of the control of strongylid parasites of horses on the Canadian prairie and in other areas of the world with a similar climate and similar horse management practices.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0002-9645 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:3752676 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2682  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Crans, W.J.; McNelly, J.; Schulze, T.L.; Main, A. openurl 
  Title Isolation of eastern equine encephalitis virus from Aedes sollicitans during an epizootic in southern New Jersey Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association Abbreviated Journal J Am Mosq Control Assoc  
  Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 68-72  
  Keywords Aedes/*microbiology; Alphavirus/*isolation & purification; Animals; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary; Ecology; Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine/*isolation & purification; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/epidemiology/transmission/veterinary; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/transmission; Horses; Insect Vectors/microbiology; New Jersey  
  Abstract Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE) was isolated from the salt marsh mosquito, Aedes sollicitans, collected from coastal areas of New Jersey on 3 occasions during the late summer and fall of 1982. The isolations were made at a time when local Culiseta melanura were either undergoing a population increase or exhibiting high levels of EEE virus. Although no human cases were reported during the epizootic period, the data lend support to the hypothesis that Ae. sollicitans is capable of functioning as an epidemic vector in the coastal areas of New Jersey where human cases of EEE have been most common.  
  Address Mosquito Research and Control, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 8756-971X ISBN (up) Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:2853203 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2684  
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