|
Mendoza, S. P., & Mason, W. A. (Eds.). (1993). Primate Social Conflict.
Abstract: This book examines conflict as a normal and recurrent feature of primate social life, emphasizing that the study of aggression and social conflict is important to understanding the basic processes that contribute to social order. The authors go well beyond the usual view which tends to equate social conflict with fights over food, mates, or social supremacy, and analyze the diverse manifestations and significance of conflict in a variety of case studies. Contributors are scientists with field and laboratory experience in anthropology, behavioral endocrinology, ethology, and psychology. Utilizing the growing body of research on life-span development in primatology, the authors offer more extensive analyses of the complexity of primate social relationships.
“I like the idea of social conflict as opposed to aggression as such. Too much of the focus on conflict has been on aggressive behavior, which is probably the most striking behavior observed in the field. The fact that conflict does not lead to aggression in all cases, that conflict is generally followed by some sort of reconciliation, and the consequences for fitness and future social life are important topics with respect to non-human primate society that should have considerable relevance to thinking about human social conflict.” -- Charles T. Snowdon, University of Wisconsin, Madison
William A. Mason is Research Scientist at the California Regional Primate Research Center and Professor Emeritus of Psychology at the University of California. Sally P. Mendoza is Associate Professor of Psychology and Research Scientist at the California Regional Primate Research Center.
1. Primate Social Conflict: An Overview of Sources, Forms, and Consequences
William A. Mason and Sally P. Mendoza
2. The Nature of Social Conflict: A Psycho-Ethological Perspective
William A. Mason
3. The Evolution of Social Conflict among Female Primates
Joan B. Silk
4. Social Conflict on First Encounters
Sally P. Mendoza
5. Reconciliation among Primates: A Review of Empirical Evidence and Theoretical Issues
Frans B. M. de Waal
6. Social Conflict in Adult Male Relationships in a Free-Ranging Group of Japanese Monkeys
Naosuke Itoigawa
7. The Physiology of Dominance in Stable versus Unstable Social Hierarchies
Robert M. Sapolsky
8. Temperament and Mother-Infant Conflict in Macaques: A Transactional Analysis
William A. Mason, D.D. Long, and Sally P. Mendoza
9. Impact on Foraging Demands on Conflict within Mother-Infants Dyads
Michael W. Andrews, Gayle Sunderland, and Leonard A. Rosenblum
10. Coordination and Conflict in Callicebus Social Groups
Charles R. Menzel
11. Social Conflict in Two Monogamous New World Primates: Pairs and Rivals
Gustl Anzenberger
12. Social Conflict and Reproductive Suppression in Marmoset and Tamarin Monkeys
David H. Abbott
13. Biological Antecedents of Human Aggression
Lionel Tiger
14. Conflict as a Constructive Force in Social Life
David M. Lyons
Index
|
|
|
Rutberg, A. T., & Keiper, R. R. (1993). Proximate causes of natal dispersal in feral ponies: some sex differences. Anim. Behav., 46(5), 969–975.
Abstract: Abstract. Fifteen years of data on natal dispersal age and the context of dispersal for the feral ponies of Assateague Island, Maryland are presented. Ninety-seven per cent of males and 81% of females dispersed from their natal groups by 5 years of age. For animals that left their natal group, average age of dispersal was 20[middle dot]8 months for males and 24[middle dot]6 months for females. Male dispersal age was strongly and significantly correlated with number of peers in the natal group, and males dispersing with peers were significantly older than males dispersing without peers, suggesting that males delayed dispersal when peers were available for interaction. Female dispersal age was not influenced by number of peers, but was correlated with age of first reproduction. Factors not influencing dispersal age in either sex were presence of a younger sibling, maternal band transfers, and maternal age and dominance rank. The relatively high frequency of females failing to disperse from their natal groups is puzzling in light of data showing diminished fecundity in non-dispersing pony mares.
|
|
|
SYLVAIN GAGNON, F. R. A. N. C. O. I. S. Y. D. O. R. E. (1993). Search behavior of dogs (Canis familiaris) in invisible displacement problems. Anim Learn. & Behav., 21(3), 246–254.
Abstract: Gagnon and Dor (1992) showed that domestic dogs are able to solve a Piagetian object permanence
task called the invisible displacement problem. A toy is hidden in a container which is
moved behind a screen where the toy is removed and left. Dogs make more errors in these problems
than they do in visible displacement tests, in which the object is hidden directly behind
the target screen. In Experiment 1, we examinedcomponents ofthe standard procedure of invisible
displacements that may make encoding or retention of the hiding location more difficult than
it is in visible displacements. In Experiment 2, we compared dogs performances in visible and
invisible displacement problems when delays of 0, 10, and 20 sec were introduced between the
objects final disappearance and the subjects release. The results revealed that dogs poorer performance
in invisible displacement tests is related to the complex sequence of events that have
to be encoded or remembered as well as to a difficulty in representing the position change that
is signaled, but not directly perceived.
|
|
|
Chalmeau, R., & Gallo, A. (1993). Social constraints determine what is learned in the chimpanzee. Behav. Process., 28(3), 173–179.
Abstract: A group of six chimpanzees was placed in a social learning situation, without training. The learning task was an operant conditioning situation; that is, a subject had to pull two handles simultaneously to cause a piece of fruit to fall into the cage. Only three individuals acquired the operant behaviour. For the operant individuals, social influences on the expression of the learning task were then examined; the dominant chimpanzee during feeding had an inhibiting effect when close to the operant subjects. Depending on the subject, social factors may influence not only the specific expression of what is learnt, but also the nature of what is learnt. Chimpanzees appear to experience situations differently: they develop an individual problem-solving strategy according to their social relationships even if the experimental procedure is the same for all.
|
|
|
RÖHRS, M., & EBINGER, P. (1993). Progressive und regressive Hirngrößenveränderungen bei Equiden. Z zool Syst Evolut forsch, 31, 233–239.
|
|
|
Schuhmann K,. (1993). Untersuchung zur Sozialstruktur des persischen Wildesels. Doctoral thesis, , Freiburg.
|
|
|
Shah Nv,. (1993). Ecology of wild ass in Little Rann of Kutch. Doctoral thesis, , Baroda University, India.
|
|
|
Goldschmidt, T., Bakker, T. C. M., & Feuth-de Bruijn, E. (1993). Selective copying in mate choice of female sticklebacks. Anim. Behav., 45(3), 541–547.
Abstract: There is evidence that female three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., prefer to mate with males whose nests contain eggs rather than with males with empty nests. While there is consensus on this point, a dispute exists about whether this preference should be attributed to a direct effect of the eggs on the female's entering the nest or, alternatively, to a positive impact of the eggs on the courtship behaviour and breeding coloration of the male. In the field experiment reported here females strongly preferred nests with eggs over empty nests. Additionally, females were less likely to enter risky nests with eggs: nests that contained fewer eggs than one average clutch or more eggs than the average nest content of parental males in this population. However, in the field possible differences in male attractiveness were not controlled for. In supplementary laboratory experiments the effect on female choice of possible changes in male attractiveness (intensified courtship and coloration) as a result of the presence of eggs in the nest was tested. Other differences in male attractiveness as a result of differences in male quality (body size, breeding coloration before the test, territory quality and size) were controlled for. When females had no access to the nests, they showed no preference for males with eggs in their nests in simultaneous choice tests. These results, together with the earlier published data, make it likely that the preference of females for nests with eggs is partly a direct consequence of the eggs themselves. So female sticklebacks are influenced by the mate choice behaviour of other females, but remain selective as to the actual nest content.
|
|
|
Feh, C., & de Mazières, J. (1993). Grooming at a preferred site reduces heart rate in horses. Anim. Behav., 46(6), 1191–1194.
Abstract: Abstract. It is commonly suggested that the principal function of allogrooming is to reduce social tension between group members, but direct evidence of the physiological consequences of grooming at particular sites is lacking. By filming allogrooming sequences in a herd of Camargue horses, Equus caballus , their preferred grooming site, which lies on the lower neck, was identified. Experimental imitation of grooming at this site reduced the heart rate of the recipient while grooming on a non-preferred area did not, in both adults and foals. This preferred site lies close to a major ganglion of the autonomic nervous system.
|
|
|
Escos, J., Alados, C. L., & Boza, J. (1993). Leadership in a domestic goat herd. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 38(1), 41–47.
Abstract: This study reports on leadership behavior in a domestic goat group (370 animals) moving from night-time areas to grazing areas. Of the adult females which occupied leadership positons, all of them were born in the study area. Also, they were individuals with more relatives alive in the group (according to matrilineal kinship) than the rest, but they did not show special physical characteristics.
|
|