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	Author	Kiley, M.
	Title	The vocalizations of ungulates, their causation and function			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1972	Publication	Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie	Abbreviated Journal	Z. Tierpsychol.
	Volume	31	Issue	2	Pages	171-222
	Keywords	Aggression; Animals; Artiodactyla; Cattle; Fear; Female; Frustration; Horses; Humans; Male; Pain; Perissodactyla; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Swine; *Vocalization, Animal
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0044-3573	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:4674022			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	681
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Fox, N.A.
	Title	Temperament and early experience form social behavior			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences	Abbreviated Journal	Ann N Y Acad Sci
	Volume	1038	Issue		Pages	171-178
	Keywords	Adult; Animals; Child; Child Behavior Disorders/physiopathology; Fear/physiology; Humans; Individuality; Infant; Learning/physiology; Personality Development; Social Behavior; Temperament/physiology
	Abstract	Individual differences in the way persons respond to stimulation can have important consequences for their ability to learn and their choice of vocation. Temperament is the study of such individual differences, being thought of as the behavioral style of an individual. Common to all approaches in the study of temperament are the notions that it can be identified in infancy, is fairly stable across development, and influences adult personality. We have identified a specific temperament type in infancy that involves heightened distress to novel and unfamiliar stimuli. Infants who exhibit this temperament are likely, as they get older, to display behavioral inhibition-wariness and heightened vigilance of the unfamiliar-particularly in social situations. Our work has also described the underlying biology of this temperament and has linked it to neural systems supporting fear responses in animals. Children displaying behavioral inhibition are at-risk for behavioral problems related to anxiety and social withdrawal.
	Address	Institute for Child Study, Department of Human Development, University of Maryland, 3304 Benjamin Building, College Park, MD 20742-1131, USA. nf4@umail.umd.edu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0077-8923	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:15838111			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4131
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	Author	Brosnan, S.F.; de Waal, F.B.M.
	Title	Responses to a simple barter task in chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Primates	Abbreviated Journal	Primates
	Volume	46	Issue	3	Pages	173-182
	Keywords	Analysis of Variance; Animals; Choice Behavior/physiology; Conditioning (Psychology)/physiology; Learning/physiology; Pan troglodytes/physiology; Reward; Sex Factors; Social Behavior; *Token Economy
	Abstract	Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) frequently participate in social exchange involving multiple goods and services of variable value, yet they have not been tested in a formalized situation to see whether they can barter using multiple tokens and rewards. We set up a simple barter economy with two tokens and two associated rewards and tested chimpanzees on their ability to obtain rewards by returning the matching token in situations in which their access to tokens was unlimited or limited. Chimpanzees easily learned to associate value with the tokens, as expected, and did barter, but followed a simple strategy of favoring the higher-value token, regardless of the reward proffered, instead of a more complex but more effective strategy of returning the token that matched the reward. This response is similar to that shown by capuchin monkeys in our previous study. We speculate that this response, while not ideal, may be sufficient to allow for stability of the social exchange system in these primates, and that the importance of social barter to both species may have led to this convergence of strategies.
	Address	Living Links, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. sbrosna@emory.edu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0032-8332	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:15824938			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	167
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Levin, L.E.; Grillet, M.E.
	Title	[Diversified leadership: a social solution of problems in schools of fish]			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1988	Publication	Acta Cientifica Venezolana	Abbreviated Journal	Acta Cient Venez
	Volume	39	Issue	2	Pages	175-180
	Keywords	Animals; Fishes; Leadership; Reversal Learning/physiology; *Social Behavior
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	Spanish	Summary Language		Original Title	Liderazgo diversificado: una solucion social de problemas en el cardumen
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0001-5504	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:3251383			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2045
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Schino, G.; di Sorrentino, E.P.; Tiddi, B.
	Title	Grooming and coalitions in Japanese macaques (<em>Macaca fuscata</em>): Partner choice and the time frame reciprocation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Journal of Comparative Psychology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	121	Issue	2	Pages	181-188
	Keywords	Altruism; Animal Grooming Behavior; Animal Social Behavior; Reciprocity; Monkeys
	Abstract	Evidence of a reciprocal exchange of grooming and agonistic support in primates is mixed. In this study, the authors analyzed a large database of grooming and coalitions in captive female Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) to investigate their within-group distribution and temporal relations. Macaques groomed preferentially those individuals that groomed them most and supported preferentially those individuals that supported them most. They also supported preferentially those individuals that groomed them most and groomed preferentially those individuals that supported them most. These results were not explained by covariation of grooming and support with third variables such as kinship, rank, or time spent in proximity. However, receiving grooming did not increase the short-term probability of supporting a partner, and being supported did not increase the short-term probability of grooming a partner. The proximate mechanisms underlying the exchange of services were discussed in relation to the time frame of the behavioral choices made by the monkeys. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
	Address	Schino, Gabriele: Via Lucilio 36, Roma, Italy, 00136, gschino@casaccia.enea.it
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	American Psychological Association	Place of Publication	Us	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1939-2087(Electronic);0735-7036(Print)	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ 2007-07076-007			Serial	5810
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	Author	Poncet, P.A.; Ionita, J.C.; Doherr, M.G.; Steiger, A.
	Title	[The influence of the socio-economic structure of the breeding farms of Franches-Montagnes horses on the conditions of husbandry]			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde	Abbreviated Journal	Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd
	Volume	148	Issue	4	Pages	183-189
	Keywords	Altitude; Animal Husbandry/methods/standards; Animals; Breeding/economics/standards; Demography; Female; Horses/physiology; Housing, Animal/standards; Male; Physical Conditioning, Animal/methods/*physiology; Questionnaires; Social Behavior; Socioeconomic Factors; Switzerland
	Abstract	The socio-economic structure of the breeding farms of Franches-Montagnes horses (FM) in Switzerland is evaluated on the basis of an investigation carried out in 2002 by the Swiss FM breeding federation. Questionnaires were sent to 3500 of its members and the results include data from 968 breeding enterprises, housing a total of 3965 FM. The quality of the husbandry of FM varies according to factors such as the altitude and the geographical situation of the farms and studs. Socio-economic parameters, such as the role of FM in the business, their use (breeding, driving, riding) and the age and level of professional education of the owners may also have an effect on standards of husbandry. The results show that the owners for whom FM represent a source of income more frequently keep their horses in standing stalls, but give them more time to exercise at liberty than the horses belonging to amateur breeders. Younger and better educated breeders are more likely to house their animals in groups.
	Address	Haras national suisse, Avenches
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	French	Summary Language		Original Title	L'influence de la structure socio-economique des exploitations d'elevage de chevaux de race franches-montagnes sur les conditions de detention
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0036-7281	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:16703759			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1873
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	Author	Dzieweczynski, T.L.; Eklund, A.C.; Rowland, W.J.
	Title	Male 11-ketotestosterone levels change as a result of being watched in Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	General and comparative endocrinology	Abbreviated Journal	Gen Comp Endocrinol
	Volume	147	Issue	2	Pages	184-189
	Keywords	Aggression; Animals; Female; Fishes/blood; Male; Nesting Behavior; Social Behavior; Social Environment; Testosterone/*analogs & derivatives/blood
	Abstract	This study investigated the effects of nesting status and the presence of an audience on 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) levels in male Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens. Prior studies have demonstrated that both nesting status, an indicator of territory-holding power and reproductive state, and the sex of a conspecific audience lead to differences in male behavior during aggressive encounters. Since behavioral changes have already been demonstrated, we chose to investigate whether 11KT levels were also influenced by nesting status and audience presence as 11KT both stimulates, and is stimulated by, reproductive and aggressive behaviors in male teleosts. Male 11KT levels were measured from water samples taken from containers holding fish both before and after interaction. Males interacted under three treatment conditions: no audience, female audience, and male audience. Within these treatments were two nest paradigms: both males had nests or neither male had a nest. 11KT levels varied depending on nesting status and audience type. In general, 11KT levels were lower in interacting males when a female audience was present or when males had nests. Overall, 11KT showed increases or decreases as aggression increased or decreased, as shown by already established behavioral findings [see Dzieweczynski T.L., Green T.M., Earley R.L., Rowland W.J., 2005. Audience effect is context dependent in Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens. Behav. Ecol. 16, 1025-1030; Doutrelant, C., McGregor, P.K., Oliveira, R.F., 2001. Effect of an audience on intrasexual communication in male Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens). Behav. Ecol. 12, 283-286.]. Our results suggest that 11KT levels are influenced by reproductive status, as indicated by nest ownership, and audience presence and are most likely modulated by territorial behavior and social environment.
	Address	Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA. tdzieweczynski@une.edu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0016-6480	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:16473353			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	502
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Whiten, A.
	Title	Social complexity and social intelligence			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2000	Publication	Novartis Foundation Symposium	Abbreviated Journal	Novartis Found Symp
	Volume	233	Issue		Pages	185-96; discussion 196-201
	Keywords	Animals; Brain/anatomy & histology/physiology; Humans; Intelligence/physiology; Learning; Models, Psychological; Primates; *Social Behavior; Social Problems
	Abstract	When we talk of the 'nature of intelligence', or any other attribute, we may be referring to its essential structure, or to its place in nature, particularly the function it has evolved to serve. Here I examine both, from the perspective of the evolution of intelligence in primates. Over the last 20 years, the Social (or 'Machiavellian') Intelligence Hypothesis has gained empirical support. Its core claim is that the intelligence of primates is primarily an adaptation to the special complexities of primate social life. In addition to this hypothesis about the function of intellect, a secondary claim is that the very structure of intelligence has been moulded to be 'social' in character, an idea that presents a challenge to orthodox views of intelligence as a general-purpose capacity. I shall outline the principal components of social intelligence and the environment of social complexity it engages with. This raises the question of whether domain specificity is an appropriate characterization of social intelligence and its subcomponents, like theory of mind. As a counter-argument to such specificity I consider the hypothesis that great apes exhibit a cluster of advanced cognitive abilities that rest on a shared capacity for second-order mental representation.
	Address	School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JU, UK
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1528-2511	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:11276903			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2084
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	Author	Anderson, J.R.; Kuroshima, H.; Kuwahata, H.; Fujita, K.
	Title	*Do squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) and capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) predict that looking leads to touching?*			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Animal Cognition	Abbreviated Journal	Anim. Cogn.
	Volume	7	Issue	3	Pages	185-192
	Keywords	Animals; Association Learning; Attention; Cebus/psychology; Cognition; Concept Formation; Cues; Fixation, Ocular; Humans; Nonverbal Communication; Recognition (Psychology); Saimiri/*psychology; Social Behavior; Species Specificity
	Abstract	Squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) and capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) were tested using an expectancy violation procedure to assess whether they use an actor's gaze direction, signaled by congruent head and eye orientation, to predict subsequent behavior. The monkeys visually habituated to a repeated sequence in which the actor (a familiar human or a puppet) looked at an object and then picked it up, but they did not react strongly when the actor looked at an object but then picked up another object. Capuchin monkeys' responses in the puppet condition were slightly more suggestive of expectancy. There was no differential responding to congruent versus incongruent look-touch sequences when familiarization trials were omitted. The weak findings contrast with a strongly positive result previously reported for tamarin monkeys. Additional evidence is required before concluding that behavior prediction based on gaze cues typifies primates; other approaches for studying how they process attention cues are indicated.
	Address	Department of Psychology, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, Stirling, Scotland. jra1@stir.ac.uk
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1435-9448	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:15022054			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2540
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Ionita, J.C.; Poncet, P.A.; Doherr, M.G.; Steiger, A.
	Title	[Evaluation of the quality of husbandry of Franches-Montagnes horses in their breeding farms]			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde	Abbreviated Journal	Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd
	Volume	148	Issue	4	Pages	191-197
	Keywords	Animal Husbandry/methods/standards/statistics & numerical data; Animal Welfare; Animals; Breeding/methods/standards; Female; Floors and Floorcoverings; Horses/physiology; Housing, Animal/*standards; Male; Poaceae; Questionnaires; Social Behavior; Switzerland
	Abstract	The quality of husbandry of Franches-Montagnes horses (FM) in Switzerland is evaluated on the basis of an investigation carried out in 2002 by the Swiss FM breeding federation. Questionnaires were sent to 3500 of its members and the results include data from 968 breeding enterprises, housing a total of 3965 FM: 46.1% were breeding mares (61.0% with foal at foot), 26.5% young stock, 1.3% stallions and 26.0% non breeding stock (74.6% of which were pleasure horses and 25.4% working horses). 57.6% of the FM were housed in individual boxes with or without permanent outdoor access, 25.4% were hold in groups with or without permanent outdoor access, the remaining 17.0% were kept in standing stalls. 95.0% of the FM had at least visual contact with other equines and 99.2% had sufficient light in their stable. 88.1% were stabled on long stalk straw, while only 4.3% were bedded on other materials other than straw. The average time spent at pasture per horse and per week ranged from 96.5 +/- 51.6 hours in summer to 27.2 +/- 26.7 hours in winter. On average, a FM is used for 8.3 +/- 6.5 hours per week. Horses with an paddock at their disposal spend an average of 39.8 +/- 45.9 hours there per week.
	Address	Chirurgische Tierklinik, Universitat Leipzig
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	French	Summary Language		Original Title	Les conditions de detention des chevaux de race franches-montagnes dans leurs exploitations d'elevage
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0036-7281	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:16703760			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1872
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