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	Author	Luescher, U.A.; McKeown, D.B.; Halip, J.
	Title	Reviewing the causes of obsessive-compulsive disorders in horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1991	Publication	Vet. Med.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	86	Issue		Pages	527-530
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Notes	Cited By (since 1996): 17; Export Date: 21 October 2008			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4526
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	Author	Boesch, C.
	Title	Teaching among wild chimpanzees			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1991	Publication	Animal Behaviour.	Abbreviated Journal	Anim. Behav.
	Volume	41	Issue	3	Pages	530-532
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	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-3472	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4707
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	Author	Deutsch, J.; Lee, P.
	Title	Dominance and feeding competition in captive rhesus monkeys			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1991	Publication	International Journal of Primatology	Abbreviated Journal	Int. J. Primatol.
	Volume	12	Issue	6	Pages	615-628
	Keywords	female dominance – feeding competition – nutrition – stress
	Abstract	The feeding behavior of 16 adult female rhesus monkeys living in three captive social groups was observed. Estimates of relative food intake, feeding rate, and location of feeding in relation to food sources were compared between females of different dominance ranks. Higher-ranking females had greater access to feeding sites and were supplanted or threatened less frequently while feeding than subordinates. However, no consistent differences in estimates of total intake were found between females of high and females of low rank. The effects of dominance on feeding behavior were most pronounced in the group receiving the least food relative to estimates of overall group nutritional requirements. Higher-ranking females, both over the long term and during the study period, tended to produce more surviving offspring. The effects of dominance on reproductive performance appeared to be less related to food intake than to competitive and aggressive interactions, potentially resulting in higher levels of stress for subordinates.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	813
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	Author	Potts, W.K.; Manning, C.J.; Wakeland, E.K.
	Title	Mating patterns in seminatural populations of mice influenced by MHC genotype			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1991	Publication	Nature	Abbreviated Journal	Nature
	Volume	352	Issue	6336	Pages	619-621
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	Notes	10.1038/352619a0			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5424
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	Author	McDonnell, S.M.; Henry,M. Bristol, F.
	Title	Spontaneous erection and masturbation in equids Proc 35th			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1991	Publication		Abbreviated Journal	J. Reprod. Fert. Suppl
	Volume	44	Issue		Pages	664-665
	Keywords	Horse; Masturbation; Erection; Aversive conditioning; Sexual behavior; Ejaculation; Semen
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	Notes	This paper is part of the special issue entitled “Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Stallion Reproduction”, Guest Edited by Dr. Edward Squires.			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1378
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	Author	Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Shldeler, S.E.; Lasley, B.L.; Turner, J.W.J.
	Title	Pregnancy determination in uncaptured feral horses by means of fecal steroid conjugates			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1991	Publication	Theriogenology	Abbreviated Journal	Theriogenology
	Volume	35	Issue	4	Pages	753-760
	Keywords
	Abstract	This study was carried out to develop an accurate, rapid and inexpensive method for diagnosing pregnancy in uncaptured feral horses by analysis of fecal steroid metabolites and to compare the accuracy of this method with diagnosis by urinary estrone conjugates (E(1)C). Paired urine and fecal samples were collected from 40 sexually mature feral mares during August and October. Urine samples were extracted directly from the soil and analyzed by enzymeimmunoassay (EIA) for E(1)C. Water extracts of fecal samples were assayed by EIA for E(1)C and nonspecific progesterone metabolites (iPdG). Urinary E(1)C, fecal E(1)C and fecal iPdG concentrations for seven mares which produced foals were 3.9 +/- 1.3 (SEM) mug/mg creatinine, 4.2 +/- 0.8 ng/g feces and 1.411 +/- 569.6 ng/g feces, respectively. Urinary E(1)C and fecal E(1)C and iPdG concentrations for the 33 mares which did not produce foals were 0.1 +/- 0.0 mug/mg creatinine and 0.5 +/- 0.1 and 32.8 +/- 4.5 ng/g feces, respectively. These differed (P < 0.01) from values in mares which produced foals.
	Address	Department of Biological Sciences Eastern Montana College Billings, MT 59101 USA
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0093-691X	ISBN		Medium
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	Notes	PMID:16726944			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	146
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	Author	Garott, R.A.
	Title	Sex Ratios and Differential Survival of Feral Hors			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1991	Publication	Journal of Animal Ecology	Abbreviated Journal	J Anim Ecol
	Volume	60	Issue	3	Pages	929-936
	Keywords
	Abstract	(1) Sex and age data were collected on 60 111 feral horses (Equus caballus L.) removed from eighty-nine areas in Nevada, Wyoming, and Oregon between 1976 and 1987. (2) Sex ratios of young seldom differed from parity; however, sex ratios of adults were commonly skewed toward females. No evidence of differential capture probability between adult males and females could be detected; therefore, skewed adult sex ratios were attributed to differential survival. (3) Age-specific trends in sex ratios indicated that the proportion of males steadily decreased from near parity in foals, to lows of 0.61-0.77 in the 4-5-year age-classes. The trend then reversed with males becoming predominant (1.08-1.36) in the > 10 years age-class. (4) Population simulations suggest that survival diffentials of 0.05-0.07, favouring females to 4 years of age, and 0.02-0.04 favouring males in older age-classes were required to mimic observed age-specific sex ratio changes. To obtain the high proportion of males in the > 10-years age-class, onset of senescence also had to be earlier for females. (5) Causes for differential survival in the immature age-classes are uncertain, but may relate to behavioural or metabolic differences between the sexes. Differential survival between adult males and females is attributed to differences in the energetic costs of reproduction and disparity in their reproductive life spans.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2294
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	Author	Real, L.A.
	Title	Animal choice behavior and the evolution of cognitive architecture			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1991	Publication	Science (New York, N.Y.)	Abbreviated Journal	Science
	Volume	253	Issue	5023	Pages	980-986
	Keywords	Animals; Bees/genetics/physiology; Biomechanics; Choice Behavior; Cognition; Evolution; Mathematics; Models, Genetic; Probability
	Abstract	Animals process sensory information according to specific computational rules and, subsequently, form representations of their environments that form the basis for decisions and choices. The specific computational rules used by organisms will often be evolutionarily adaptive by generating higher probabilities of survival, reproduction, and resource acquisition. Experiments with enclosed colonies of bumblebees constrained to foraging on artificial flowers suggest that the bumblebee's cognitive architecture is designed to efficiently exploit floral resources from spatially structured environments given limits on memory and the neuronal processing of information. A non-linear relationship between the biomechanics of nectar extraction and rates of net energetic gain by individual bees may account for sensitivities to both the arithmetic mean and variance in reward distributions in flowers. Heuristic rules that lead to efficient resource exploitation may also lead to subjective misperception of likelihoods. Subjective probability formation may then be viewed as a problem in pattern recognition subject to specific sampling schemes and memory constraints.
	Address	Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-3280
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0036-8075	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:1887231			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2846
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	Author	Krzak, W.E.; Gonyou, H.W.; Lawrence, L.M.
	Title	Wood chewing by stabled horses: diurnal pattern and effects of exercise			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1991	Publication	Journal of Animal Science	Abbreviated Journal	J. Anim Sci.
	Volume	69	Issue	3	Pages	1053-1058
	Keywords	Animal Feed; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Circadian Rhythm; Female; Horses/physiology; Male; Mastication; *Physical Conditioning, Animal; Sodium Chloride/administration & dosage; Videotape Recording; Wood
	Abstract	Nine yearling horses, stabled in individual stalls, were used in a trial to determine the diurnal pattern of wood chewing and the effects of exercise on this behavior. The trial was a Latin square design conducted over three 2-wk periods during which each horse was exposed to each of the three following treatments: 1) no exercise (NE), 2) exercise after the morning feeding (AM), and 3) exercise in the afternoon (PM). Horses were fed a complete pelleted feed in the morning and both pelleted feed and long-stemmed hay in the afternoon. Exercise consisted of 45 min on a mechanical walker followed by 45 min in a paddock with bare soil. Each stall was equipped with two untreated spruce boards during each period for wood chewing. Wood chewing was evaluated by videotaping each horse for 22 h during each period, determining the weight and volume of the boards before and after each period, and by visual appraisal of the boards. Intake of trace mineralized salt was also measured. Wood chewing occurred primarily between 2200 and 1200. All measures of wood chewing were correlated when totals for the entire 6 wk were analyzed. When analysis was performed on 2-wk values, videotape results were not correlated with volume or weight loss of boards. Horses chewed more when on the NE treatment (511 s/d) than when on AM or PM (57 and 136 s/d, respectively; P less than .05). Salt intake tended to be greater for NE than for the other treatments (P less than .10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
	Address	Dept. of Anim. Sci., University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0021-8812	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:2061237			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	1949
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	Author	Kaseda Y,
	Title	Some factors affecting on the population dynamics of two herds in Misaki feral horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1991	Publication	Animal Science and Technology	Abbreviated Journal	Anim Sci Tech
	Volume	62	Issue		Pages	1171-1178
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	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	1238
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