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Author Mrosovsky, N.; Shettleworth, S.J. openurl 
  Title Wavelength preferences and brightness cues in the water finding behaviour of sea turtles Type Journal Article
  Year 1968 Publication Behaviour Abbreviated Journal Behaviour  
  Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages (down) 211-257  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Color Perception; Cues; Light; *Turtles; Water  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0005-7959 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:5717260 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 391  
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Author Mrosovsky, N.; Shettleworth, S.J. openurl 
  Title Further studies of the sea-finding mechanism in green turtle hatchlings Type Journal Article
  Year 1974 Publication Behaviour Abbreviated Journal Behaviour  
  Volume 51 Issue 3-4 Pages (down) 195-208  
  Keywords Animals; *Animals, Newborn/physiology; Contact Lenses; Locomotion; *Orientation; Retina/physiology; *Turtles/physiology; Visual Fields; *Visual Perception; Water  
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  ISSN 0005-7959 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:4447586 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 389  
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Author Shettleworth, S.J. openurl 
  Title Stimulus relevance in the control of drinking and conditioned fear responses in domestic chicks (Gallus gallus) Type Journal Article
  Year 1972 Publication Journal of comparative and physiological psychology Abbreviated Journal J Comp Physiol Psychol  
  Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages (down) 175-198  
  Keywords Acoustic Stimulation; Animals; Auditory Perception; Chickens; *Conditioning (Psychology); Conditioning, Classical; Discrimination Learning; *Drinking Behavior; Electroshock; *Fear; *Light; Motor Activity; Photic Stimulation; Punishment; Quinine; *Sound; Taste; Visual Perception  
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  ISSN 0021-9940 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:5047826 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 390  
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Author Ratcliffe, J.M.; Fenton, M.B.; Shettleworth, S.J. doi  openurl
  Title Behavioral flexibility positively correlated with relative brain volume in predatory bats Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Brain, behavior and evolution Abbreviated Journal Brain Behav Evol  
  Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages (down) 165-176  
  Keywords Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Brain/*anatomy & histology/physiology; Chiroptera/*anatomy & histology/*physiology; Organ Size; Predatory Behavior/*physiology  
  Abstract We investigated the potential relationships between foraging strategies and relative brain and brain region volumes in predatory (animal-eating) echolocating bats. The species we considered represent the ancestral state for the order and approximately 70% of living bat species. The two dominant foraging strategies used by echolocating predatory bats are substrate-gleaning (taking prey from surfaces) and aerial hawking (taking airborne prey). We used species-specific behavioral, morphological, and ecological data to classify each of 59 predatory species as one of the following: (1) ground gleaning, (2) behaviorally flexible (i.e., known to both glean and hawk prey), (3) clutter tolerant aerial hawking, or (4) open-space aerial hawking. In analyses using both species level data and phylogenetically independent contrasts, relative brain size was larger in behaviorally flexible species. Further, relative neocortex volume was significantly reduced in bats that aerially hawk prey primarily in open spaces. Conversely, our foraging behavior index did not account for variability in hippocampus and inferior colliculus volume and we discuss these results in the context of past research.  
  Address Department of Zoology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. jmr247@cornell.edu  
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  ISSN 0006-8977 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:16415571 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 358  
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Author Shettleworth, S.J. doi  openurl
  Title Cognitive ecology: field or label? Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Trends in Ecology & Evolution Abbreviated Journal Trends. Ecol. Evol  
  Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages (down) 161  
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  Address Depts of Psychology and Zoology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3  
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  ISSN 0169-5347 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:10717686 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 373  
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Author Shettleworth, S.J. openurl 
  Title Reinforcement and the organization of behavior in golden hamsters: Pavlovian conditioning with food and shock unconditioned stimuli Type Journal Article
  Year 1978 Publication Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes Abbreviated Journal J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process  
  Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages (down) 152-169  
  Keywords Acoustic Stimulation; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Conditioning, Classical; Conditioning, Operant; Cricetinae; *Electroshock; Female; *Food; Male; Punishment; *Reinforcement (Psychology); Reinforcement Schedule  
  Abstract The effects of Pavlovian conditioned stimuli (CSs) for food or shock on a variety of behaviors of golden hamsters were observed in three experiments. The aim was to see whether previously reported differences among the behaviors produced by food reinforcement and punishment procedures could be accounted for by differential effects of Pavlovian conditioning on the behaviors. There was some correspondence between the behaviors observed to the CSs and the previously reported effects of instrumental training. However, the Pavlovian conditioned responses (CRs) alone would not have predicted the effects of instrumental training. Moreover, CRs depended to some extent on the context in which training and testing occurred. These findings, together with others in the literature, suggest that the results of Pavlovian conditioning procedures may not unambiguously predict what system of behaviors will be most readily modified by instrumental training with a given reinforcer.  
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  ISSN 0097-7403 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:670890 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 387  
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Author Shettleworth, S.J. doi  openurl
  Title Taking the best for learning Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Behavioural processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages (down) 147-9; author reply 159-63  
  Keywords *Algorithms; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Decision Making; Evolution; *Learning; *Models, Theoretical  
  Abstract Examples of how animals learn when multiple, sometimes redundant, cues are present provide further examples not considered by Hutchinson and Gigerenzer that seem to fit the principle of taking the best. “The best” may the most valid cue in the present circumstances; evolution may also produce species-specific biases to use the most functionally relevant cues.  
  Address Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada M5S 3G3. shettle@psych.utoronto.ca  
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  ISSN 0376-6357 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:15845301 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 361  
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Author Gibson, B.M.; Shettleworth, S.J. openurl 
  Title Competition among spatial cues in a naturalistic food-carrying task Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Learning & behavior : a Psychonomic Society publication Abbreviated Journal Learn Behav  
  Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages (down) 143-159  
  Keywords Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; Appetitive Behavior; *Association Learning; *Attention; Choice Behavior; *Cues; *Discrimination Learning; Male; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Space Perception; *Spatial Behavior  
  Abstract Rats collected nuts from a container in a large arena in four experiments testing how learning about a beacon or cue at a goal interacts with learning about other spatial cues (place learning). Place learning was quick, with little evidence of competition from the beacon (Experiments 1 and 2). Rats trained to approach a beacon regardless of its location were subsequently impaired when the well-learned beacon was removed and other spatial cues identified the location of the goal (Experiment 3). The competition between beacon and place cues reflected learned irrelevance for place cues (Experiment 4). The findings differ from those of some studies of associative interactions between cue and place learning in other paradigms.  
  Address University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1543-4494 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:12882373 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 368  
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Author Skov-Rackette, S.I.; Shettleworth, S.J. doi  openurl
  Title What do rats learn about the geometry of object arrays? Tests with exploratory behavior Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes Abbreviated Journal J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process  
  Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages (down) 142-154  
  Keywords Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Discrimination Learning; *Exploratory Behavior; Female; *Form Perception; Habituation, Psychophysiologic; Male; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans  
  Abstract Six experiments using habituation of exploratory behavior tested whether disoriented rats foraging in a large arena encode the shapes of arrays of objects. Rats did not respond to changes in position of a single object, but they responded to a change in object color and to a change in position of 1 object in a square array, as in previous research (e.g., C. Thinus-Blanc et al., 1987). Rats also responded to an expansion of a square array, suggesting that they encoded sets of interobject distances rather than overall shape. In Experiments 4-6, rats did not respond to changes in sense of a triangular array that maintained interobject distances and angles. Shapes of object arrays are encoded differently from shapes of enclosures.  
  Address Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. shannon.skov.rackette@utoronto.ca  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0097-7403 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:15839772 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 363  
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Author Shettleworth, S.J. doi  openurl
  Title Handling time and choice in pigeons Type Journal Article
  Year 1985 Publication Abbreviated Journal J Exp Anal Behav  
  Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages (down) 139-155  
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  Abstract According to optimal foraging theory, animals should prefer food items with the highest ratios of energy intake to handling time. When single items have negligible handling times, one large item should be preferred to a collection of small ones of equivalent total weight. However, when pigeons were offered such a choice on equal concurrent variable-interval schedules in a shuttlebox, they preferred the side offering many small items per reinforcement to that offering one or a few relatively large items. This preference was still evident on concurrent fixed-cumulative-duration schedules in which choosing the alternative with longer handling time substantially lowered the rate of food intake.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0022-5002 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:16812429 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 383  
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