|
Records |
Links |
|
Author |
Reimers, M.; Schwarzenberger, F.; Preuschoft, S. |
|
|
Title |
Rehabilitation of research chimpanzees: stress and coping after long-term isolation |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Hormones and Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Horm Behav |
|
|
Volume |
51 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
428-435 |
|
|
Keywords |
Adaptation, Psychological/*physiology; Animals; *Animals, Laboratory; Exploratory Behavior; Hydrocortisone/analysis/metabolism; Male; Models, Biological; *Pan troglodytes; Social Dominance; Social Environment; *Social Isolation/psychology; Stress/*rehabilitation/veterinary; Time |
|
|
Abstract |
We report on the permanent retirement of chimpanzees from biomedical research and on resocialization after long-term social isolation. Our aim was to investigate to what extent behavioral and endocrine measures of stress in deprived laboratory chimpanzees can be improved by a more species-typical social life style. Personality in terms of novelty responses, social dominance after resocialization and hormonal stress susceptibility were affected by the onset of maternal separation of infant chimpanzees and duration of deprivation. Chimpanzees, who were separated from their mothers at a younger age and kept in isolation for more years appeared to be more timid personalities, less socially active, less dominant and more susceptible to stress, as compared to chimpanzees with a less severe deprivation history. However, permanent retirement from biomedical research in combination with therapeutic resocialization maximizing chimpanzees' situation control resulted in reduced fecal cortisol metabolite levels. Our results indicate that chimpanzees can recover from severe social deprivation, and may experience resocialization as less stressful than solitary housing. |
|
|
Address |
Department of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinarplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria. reimers@wild-vet.at |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0018-506X |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:17292368 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4188 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Scheibe, K.M.; Gromann, C. |
|
|
Title |
Application testing of a new three-dimensional acceleration measuring system with wireless data transfer (WAS) for behavior analysis |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Behavior research methods |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav Res Methods |
|
|
Volume |
38 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
427-433 |
|
|
Keywords |
Acceleration; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cattle; Cattle Diseases/*diagnosis; Computer Communication Networks/*instrumentation; Forelimb/physiopathology; Fractals; Hindlimb/physiopathology; Horse Diseases/*diagnosis; Horses; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/instrumentation/methods/veterinary; Lameness, Animal/*diagnosis; Monitoring, Ambulatory/instrumentation/*methods; Motor Activity; Movement; Pattern Recognition, Automated/methods |
|
|
Abstract |
A wireless acceleration measurement system was applied to free-moving cows and horses. Sensors were available as a collar and a flat box for measuring leg or trunk movements. Results were transmitted simultaneously by radio or stored in an 8-MB internal memory. As analytical procedures, frequency distributions with standard deviations, spectral analyses, and fractal analyses were applied. Bymeans of the collar sensor, basic behavior patterns (standing, grazing, walking, ruminating, drinking, and hay uptake) could be identified in cows. Lameness could be detected in cows and horses by means of the leg sensor. The portion of basic and harmonic spectral components was reduced; the fractal dimension was reduced. The system can be used for the detection and analysis of even small movements of free-moving humans or animals over several hours. It is convenient for the analysis of basic behaviors, emotional reactions, or events causing flight or fright or for comparing different housing elements, such as floors or fences. |
|
|
Address |
Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany. kscheibe@izw-berlin.de |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
1554-351X |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:17186752 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
|
Serial |
1775 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Flack, J.C.; Girvan, M.; de Waal, F.B.M.; Krakauer, D.C. |
|
|
Title |
Policing stabilizes construction of social niches in primates |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
|
|
Volume |
439 |
Issue |
7075 |
Pages |
426-429 |
|
|
Keywords |
Animals; Conflict (Psychology); Female; Macaca nemestrina/*physiology/*psychology; Male; Models, Biological; *Social Behavior |
|
|
Abstract |
All organisms interact with their environment, and in doing so shape it, modifying resource availability. Termed niche construction, this process has been studied primarily at the ecological level with an emphasis on the consequences of construction across generations. We focus on the behavioural process of construction within a single generation, identifying the role a robustness mechanism--conflict management--has in promoting interactions that build social resource networks or social niches. Using 'knockout' experiments on a large, captive group of pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina), we show that a policing function, performed infrequently by a small subset of individuals, significantly contributes to maintaining stable resource networks in the face of chronic perturbations that arise through conflict. When policing is absent, social niches destabilize, with group members building smaller, less diverse, and less integrated grooming, play, proximity and contact-sitting networks. Instability is quantified in terms of reduced mean degree, increased clustering, reduced reach, and increased assortativity. Policing not only controls conflict, we find it significantly influences the structure of networks that constitute essential social resources in gregarious primate societies. The structure of such networks plays a critical role in infant survivorship, emergence and spread of cooperative behaviour, social learning and cultural traditions. |
|
|
Address |
Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501, USA. jflack@santafe.edu |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
1476-4687 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:16437106 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
298 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Kelly, D.M.; Spetch, M.L. |
|
|
Title |
Pigeons encode relative geometry |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
|
|
Volume |
27 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
417-422 |
|
|
Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Cognition/*physiology; Columbidae; Discrimination Learning/physiology; Form Perception/*physiology; Space Perception/*physiology |
|
|
Abstract |
Pigeons were trained to search for hidden food in a rectangular environment designed to eliminate any external cues. Following training, the authors administered unreinforced test trials in which the geometric properties of the apparatus were manipulated. During tests that preserved the relative geometry but altered the absolute geometry of the environment, the pigeons continued to choose the geometrically correct corners, indicating that they encoded the relative geometry of the enclosure. When tested in a square enclosure, which distorted both the absolute and relative geometry, the pigeons randomly chose among the 4 corners, indicating that their choices were not based on cues external to the apparatus. This study provides new insight into how metric properties of an environment are encoded by pigeons. |
|
|
Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E9. kelly@bio.psy.ruhr-uni-bochum.de |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0097-7403 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:11676090 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2770 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Klein, E.D.; Zentall, T.R. |
|
|
Title |
Imitation and affordance learning by pigeons (Columba livia) |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
|
|
Volume |
117 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
414-419 |
|
|
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Columbidae; Cues; *Imitative Behavior; *Learning; Odors; Sound |
|
|
Abstract |
The bidirectional control procedure was used to determine whether pigeons (Columba livia) would imitate a demonstrator that pushed a sliding screen for food. One group of observers saw a trained demonstrator push a sliding screen door with its beak (imitation group), whereas 2 other groups watched the screen move independently (possibly learning how the environment works) with a conspecific either present (affordance learning with social facilitation) or absent (affordance learning alone). A 4th group could not see the screen being pushed (sound and odor control). Imitation was evidenced by the finding that pigeons that saw a demonstrator push the screen made a higher proportion of matching screen pushes than observers in 2 appropriate control conditions. Further, observers that watched a screen move without a demonstrator present made a significantly higher proportion of matching screen pushes than would be expected by chance. Thus, these pigeons were capable of affordance learning. |
|
|
Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-004, USA |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0735-7036 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:14717643 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
234 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Subiaul, F.; Cantlon, J.F.; Holloway, R.L.; Terrace, H.S. |
|
|
Title |
Cognitive imitation in rhesus macaques |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
|
|
Volume |
305 |
Issue |
5682 |
Pages |
407-410 |
|
|
Keywords |
Animals; *Cognition; *Imitative Behavior; *Learning; Macaca mulatta/*physiology/psychology; Male |
|
|
Abstract |
Experiments on imitation typically evaluate a student's ability to copy some feature of an expert's motor behavior. Here, we describe a type of observational learning in which a student copies a cognitive rule rather than a specific motor action. Two rhesus macaques were trained to respond, in a prescribed order, to different sets of photographs that were displayed on a touch-sensitive monitor. Because the position of the photographs varied randomly from trial to trial, sequences could not be learned by motor imitation. Both monkeys learned new sequences more rapidly after observing an expert execute those sequences than when they had to learn new sequences entirely by trial and error. |
|
|
Address |
Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA. subiaul@aol.com |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
1095-9203 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:15256673 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2839 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Friedrich, A.M.; Zentall, T.R. |
|
|
Title |
Pigeons shift their preference toward locations of food that take more effort to obtain |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Behavioural processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
|
|
Volume |
67 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
405-415 |
|
|
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Choice Behavior; Columbidae; *Exertion; *Feeding Behavior; Reward |
|
|
Abstract |
Although animals typically prefer to exert less effort rather than more effort to obtain food, the present research shows that requiring greater effort to obtain food at a particular location appears to increase the value of that location. In Experiment 1, pigeons' initial preference for one feeder was significantly reduced by requiring 1 peck to obtain food from that feeder and requiring 30 pecks to obtain food from the other feeder. In Experiment 2, a similar decrease in preference was not found when pigeons received reinforcement from both feeders independently of the amount of effort required. These results are consistent with the within-trial contrast effect proposed by in which the relative hedonic value of a reward depends on the state of the animal immediately prior to the reward. The greater the improvement from that prior state the greater the value of the reinforcer. |
|
|
Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0376-6357 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:15518990 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
227 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Uehara, T.; Yokomizo, H.; Iwasa, Y. |
|
|
Title |
Mate-choice copying as Bayesian decision making |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
The American naturalist |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am Nat |
|
|
Volume |
165 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
403-410 |
|
|
Keywords |
Animals; *Bayes Theorem; *Choice Behavior; Female; Male; *Models, Biological; *Sexual Behavior, Animal |
|
|
Abstract |
Mate-choice copying by females has been reported in fishes (e.g., guppies) and lekking birds. Presumably, females assess males' quality using both information from direct observation of males and information acquired by observing other females' choices. Here, we study mathematically the conditions under which mate-choice copying is advantageous on the basis of Bayesian decision theory. A female may observe the mate choice of another female, called the model female, who has performed an optimal choice based on her own judgment. The conditions required for the focal female to choose the same mate as that chosen by the model female should depend on the male's appearance to her, the reliability of her own judgment of male quality, and the reliability of the model females. When three or more females are involved, the optimal mate choice critically depends on whether multiple model females make decisions independently or they themselves copy the choices of others. If two equally reliable females choose different males, the choice of the second female, made knowing the choice of the first, should have a stronger effect on the choice of the third (focal) female. This “last-choice precedence” should be tested experimentally. |
|
|
Address |
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan. uehara@bio-math.biology.kyushu-u.ac.jp |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
1537-5323 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:15729669 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
|
Serial |
1821 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Zhao, C.J.; Qin, Y.H.; Lee, X.H.; Wu, C. |
|
|
Title |
Molecular and cytogenetic paternity testing of a male offspring of a hinny |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Anim Breed Genet |
|
|
Volume |
123 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
403-405 |
|
|
Keywords |
Animals; Cytogenetic Analysis; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics; Equidae/*genetics; Female; Horses/genetics; Hybridization, Genetic; Male; Microsatellite Repeats; Pedigree; Protamines/genetics; Sexual Behavior, Animal |
|
|
Abstract |
An alleged male foal of a female mule, whose sire and grandparents were unknown, was identified for its pedigree. Parentage testing was conducted by comparing polymorphism of 12 microsatellite DNA sites and mitochondrial D-loop sequences of the male foal and the female mule. Both the sequence analysis of species-specific DNA fragments and a cytogenetic analysis were performed to identify the species of the foal and its parents. The results showed that the alleged female mule is actually a hinny, and the male foal, which possesses 62 chromosomes, qualifies as an offspring of the female hinny and a jack donkey. |
|
|
Address |
Equine Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0931-2668 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:17177697 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
|
Serial |
1846 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Houpt, K.A.; Perry, P.J.; Hintz, H.F.; Houpt, T.R. |
|
|
Title |
Effect of meal frequency on fluid balance and behavior of ponies |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Physiology & behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol. Behav. |
|
|
Volume |
42 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
401-407 |
|
|
Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Blood Proteins/analysis; *Eating; Female; Hematocrit; Horses/blood/*physiology; Osmolar Concentration; *Water-Electrolyte Balance |
|
|
Abstract |
Twelve ponies were fed their total daily ration either as one large meal or divided into six small meals. Pre- and post-feeding behavior was recorded six times a day. Blood samples were taken for 30 min before and two hr after the meal. Plasma protein increased from 7.0 to a peak of 7.3 g/dl with small meals and from 7.3 to 8.1 g/dl with large meals, and returned to pre-feeding levels by 90 min post-feeding. Hematocrit rose from 33.3 to 34.1% with small meals and from 33.0 to 36.0% with large meals. These rapid and short-lived increases indicate a decrease in plasma volume. Plasma osmolality rose with feeding from 283 to 285 mosmoles/kg with small meals and from 281 to 288 mosmoles/kg with large meals. Water availability had no significant effect on blood changes. Digestibility and rate of passage were measured with chromic oxide, but there were no differences. Vocalizing (neighing) and walking occurred more often before than after feeding, while eating bedding and engaging in other oral behaviors were more frequent after feeding. |
|
|
Address |
Department of Physiology, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853 |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0031-9384 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:3393599 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
47 |
|
Permanent link to this record |