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Author |
Dart, A.J.; Snyder, J.R.; Pascoe, J.R.; Meagher, D.M.; Wilson, W.D. |
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Title |
Prepurchase evaluation of horses: 134 cases (1988-1990) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Am Vet Med Assoc |
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Volume |
201 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages  |
1061-1067 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Follow-Up Studies; Horse Diseases/*diagnosis/radiography; Horses; Interviews; Lameness, Animal/*diagnosis/radiography; Physical Examination/*veterinary; Retrospective Studies; Telephone |
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Abstract |
To quantify some components of prepurchase evaluations in horses, records from 134 evaluations performed during a 2-year period were reviewed and the outcome was determined via telephone follow-up interview. Sixty-two percent of the prepurchase evaluations had been performed at the clinic and 38% had been performed in the field by the ambulatory service. All evaluations included physical and lameness examinations, whereas radiography (49%), endoscopy (15%), nerve blocking (5%), transrectal palpation (3%), hematologic analysis (2%), electrocardiography (2%), drug testing for analgesic agents (2%), and ultrasonography of the flexor tendons (1%) were not always performed. Fifty-nine percent of horses evaluated at the clinic were radiographed, compared with 33% of horses evaluated in the field (P less than 0.05). Thirty-seven percent of horses evaluated were judged serviceable for their intended use. Thirty-five percent of horses evaluated at the clinic were assessed to be serviceable, compared with 41% of those evaluated in the field (P less than 0.05). Horses used for pleasure riding (48%) tended to be considered serviceable more often than horses used for more athletic endeavors (3-day eventing, 33%; hunter/jumper, 24%; show, 31%; dressage, 30%). The most common basis for finding a horse unserviceable was lameness (88%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) |
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Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis 95616 |
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0003-1488 |
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PMID:1429136 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3753 |
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Author |
Hinrichs, K.; Watson, E.D.; Kenney, R.M. |
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Title |
Granulosa cell tumor in a mare with a functional contralateral ovary |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Am Vet Med Assoc |
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Volume |
197 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1037-1038 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Corpus Luteum/*physiopathology; Female; Granulosa Cell Tumor/pathology/physiopathology/*veterinary; Horse Diseases/*pathology/physiopathology; Horses; Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology/*veterinary; Ovary/*pathology/physiopathology |
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Abstract |
A functional corpus luteum was found in the ovary contralateral to the ovary with a granulosa cell tumor in a 24-year-old Standardbred mare. The mare was ovariectomized because she was to be used as a jump mare for collection of semen from stallions. The blood concentration of progesterone was 2.2 ng/ml, and the luteal tissue progesterone concentration was 6.3 micrograms/mg. Atrophy of the contralateral ovary is one of the major signs used in diagnosis of granulosa cell tumor; however, our findings indicate that the ovary contralateral to a granulosa cell tumor is not invariably nonfunctional. |
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Department of Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536 |
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0003-1488 |
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PMID:2243036 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3802 |
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Author |
Keiper, R.; Houpt, K. |
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Title |
Reproduction in feral horses: an eight-year study |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1984 |
Publication |
American journal of veterinary research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Vet Res |
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Volume |
45 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
991-995 |
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Keywords |
Abortion, Veterinary/epidemiology; Anestrus; Animal Population Groups/*physiology; Animals; Animals, Wild/*physiology; Birth Rate; Female; Fertility; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses/*physiology; Lactation; Male; Maryland; Pregnancy; *Reproduction; Seasons; Sex Ratio; Virginia |
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The reproductive rate and foal survival of the free-ranging ponies on Assateague Island National Seashore were studied for 8 years, 1975 to 1982. Most (52%) of the 86 foals were born in May, 13% were born in April, 22.6% in June, 10.4% in July, and less than 1% in August and September. The mean foaling rate was 57.1 +/- 3.9% and the survival rate was 88.3 +/- 3.6%. Forty-eight colts and 55 fillies were born (sex ratio 53% female). Mares less than 3 years old did not foal and the foaling rate of 3-year-old mares was only 23%, that of 4-year-old mares was 46%, that of 5-year-old mares was 53%, and 6-year-old mares was 69%. The relatively poor reproduction rate was believed to be a consequence of the stress of lactating while carrying a foal when forage quality on the island was low. The hypothesis was supported by the higher reproductive rate (74.4 +/- 2.4%) of the ponies in the Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge on the southern part of the island. Their foals are weaned and sold in July each year. Despite the low reproductive rate on Assateague Island National Seashore , the number of ponies increased from 43 to 80, a 90% increase in the 8-year period or greater than 10%/yr. There were 24 deaths and 8 dispersals from the study area. |
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0002-9645 |
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Notes |
PMID:6732036 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
665 |
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Author |
Malek, E.A. |
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Title |
The life cycle of Gastrodiscus aegyptiacus (Cobbold, 1876) Looss, 1896 (Trematoda: Paramphistomatidae: Gastrodiscinae) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1971 |
Publication |
The Journal of Parasitology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Parasitol |
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Volume |
57 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
975-979 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Bulinus; *Disease Vectors; Ecology; Feces; Female; Horse Diseases/*etiology; Horses; Metamorphosis, Biological; Ovum; Parasite Egg Count; Perissodactyla; Sudan; Trematoda/anatomy & histology/growth & development; Trematode Infections/etiology/*veterinary |
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0022-3395 |
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Notes |
PMID:5167379 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2726 |
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Author |
Sabattini, M.S.; Monath, T.P.; Mitchell, C.J.; Daffner, J.F.; Bowen, G.S.; Pauli, R.; Contigiani, M.S. |
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Title |
Arbovirus investigations in Argentina, 1977-1980. I. Historical aspects and description of study sites |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1985 |
Publication |
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Trop Med Hyg |
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Volume |
34 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
937-944 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Arbovirus Infections/*epidemiology/microbiology; Arboviruses; Argentina; Birds; Cattle; Child; Climate; Ecology; Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis; Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine; Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine; Encephalitis, St. Louis/epidemiology/microbiology; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/epidemiology/microbiology/veterinary; Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine/epidemiology/microbiology/veterinary; Geography; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/microbiology; Horses/microbiology; Humans |
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Abstract |
This is the introductory paper to a series on the ecology of arboviruses in Argentina. Epizootics of equine encephalitis have occurred since at least 1908, principally in the Pampa and Espinal biogeographic zones, with significant economic losses; human cases of encephalitis have been rare or absent. Both western equine and eastern equine encephalitis viruses have been isolated from horses during these epizootics, but the mosquitoes responsible for transmission have not been identified. A number of isolations of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus were reported between 1936 and 1958 in Argentina, but the validity of these findings has been seriously questioned. Nevertheless, serological evidence exists for human infections with a member of the VEE virus complex. Serological surveys conducted in the 1960s indicate a high prevalence of infection of humans and domestic animals with St. Louis encephalitis (SLE), and 2 SLE virus strains have been isolated from rodents. Human disease, however, has rarely been associated with SLE infection. Only 7 isolations of other arboviruses have been described (3 of Maguari, 1 of Aura, 2 of Una, and 1 of an untyped Bunyamwera group virus). In 1977, we began longitudinal field studies in Santa Fe Province, the epicenter of previous equine epizootics, and in 1980 we extended these studies to Chaco and Corrientes provinces. The study sites are described in this paper. |
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0002-9637 |
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PMID:4037184 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2685 |
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Author |
Milinovich, G.J.; Trott, D.J.; Burrell, P.C.; van Eps, A.W.; Thoefner, M.B.; Blackall, L.L.; Al Jassim, R.A.M.; Morton, J.M.; Pollitt, C.C. |
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Title |
Changes in equine hindgut bacterial populations during oligofructose-induced laminitis |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Environmental Microbiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environ Microbiol |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
885-898 |
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Keywords |
Animal Feed; Animals; Bacteria/classification/*isolation & purification; DNA, Bacterial/analysis; Disease Models, Animal; Feces/microbiology; Foot Diseases/etiology/microbiology/*veterinary; Horse Diseases/*etiology/metabolism/microbiology; Horses; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Intestines/*microbiology; Oligosaccharides/*administration & dosage/*metabolism; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Bacterial/analysis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/analysis |
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In the horse, carbohydrate overload is thought to play an integral role in the onset of laminitis by drastically altering the profile of bacterial populations in the hindgut. The objectives of this study were to develop and validate microbial ecology methods to monitor changes in bacterial populations throughout the course of experimentally induced laminitis and to identify the predominant oligofructose-utilizing organisms. Laminitis was induced in five horses by administration of oligofructose. Faecal specimens were collected at 8 h intervals from 72 h before to 72 h after the administration of oligofructose. Hindgut microbiota able to utilize oligofructose were enumerated throughout the course of the experiment using habitat-simulating medium. Isolates were collected and representatives identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The majority of these isolates collected belonged to the genus Streptococcus, 91% of which were identified as being most closely related to Streptococcus infantarius ssp. coli. Furthermore, S. infantarius ssp. coli was the predominant oligofructose-utilizing organism isolated before the onset of lameness. Fluorescence in situ hybridization probes developed to specifically target the isolated Streptococcus spp. demonstrated marked population increases between 8 and 16 h post oligofructose administration. This was followed by a rapid population decline which corresponded with a sharp decline in faecal pH and subsequently lameness at 24-32 h post oligofructose administration. This research suggests that streptococci within the Streptococcus bovis/equinus complex may be involved in the series of events which precede the onset of laminitis in the horse. |
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Address |
Australian Equine Laminitis Research Unit, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia. g.milinovich@uq.edu.au |
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ISSN |
1462-2912 |
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Notes |
PMID:16623745 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2625 |
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Author |
McBride, S.D.; Long, L. |
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Title |
Management of horses showing stereotypic behaviour, owner perception and the implications for welfare |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
The Veterinary Record |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet. Rec. |
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Volume |
148 |
Issue |
26 |
Pages |
799-802 |
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Keywords |
*Animal Husbandry/methods; *Animal Welfare; Animals; England/epidemiology; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology/*prevention & control/psychology; Horses; Humans; Interviews; *Perception; *Stereotyped Behavior |
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Abstract |
A telephone survey was conducted of 100 racing stables, 100 riding schools and 100 competition establishments (8,427 horses in total) to determine what management practices were being applied to horses showing stereotypic behaviour, and to determine the underlying reasons for them by assessing the perceptions and opinions of the people working with the horses. The results indicated that horse owners are concerned about stereotypic behaviour, first, because it reduces the performance of the animal (31, 30 and 27 per cent of the owners of racing stables, riding schools and competition establishments respectively), secondly, because it has adverse clinical effects on the horse (52, 55 and 56 per cent), and thirdly, because it reduces the monetary value of the animal (45, 59 and 31 per cent). The belief that these behaviours are learnt or copied also affects the management of affected horses: they are not allowed on to the premises by 4, 32 and 17 per cent of owners of racing stables, riding schools and competition establishments, respectively; attempts are made to remove the causal factors of the stereotypy by 35, 43 and 36 per cent; the behaviours are physically prevented by 77, 67 and 79 per cent, and the affected horses are kept separate from other horses by 39, 30 and 48 per cent. |
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Institute of Rural Studies, University of Wales, Aberystwyth |
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0042-4900 |
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Notes |
PMID:11467606 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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1918 |
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Author |
Alexander, D.J. |
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Title |
Ecological aspects of influenza A viruses in animals and their relationship to human influenza: a review |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
J R Soc Med |
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Volume |
75 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
799-811 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Animals, Domestic; Bird Diseases/transmission; Birds; Disease Outbreaks; Ecology; Horse Diseases/transmission; Horses; Humans; Influenza A virus/genetics/isolation & purification; Influenza, Human/microbiology/*transmission/veterinary; Swine; Swine Diseases/transmission; Zoonoses/transmission |
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0141-0768 |
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PMID:6752410 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2689 |
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Author |
Bertram, D.S. |
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Mosquitoes of British Honduras, with some comments on malaria, and on arbovirus antibodies in man and equines |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1971 |
Publication |
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg |
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65 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
742-762 |
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Aedes; Animals; Anopheles; Antibodies/*analysis; Arbovirus Infections/*epidemiology/immunology/veterinary; Belize; Culex; *Culicidae/classification; Ecology; Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis/immunology; Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine/immunology; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology/immunology; Horses; Humans; Insect Vectors; Malaria/*epidemiology; Neutralization Tests; Seasons |
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0035-9203 |
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PMID:4400502 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2732 |
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Author |
Licka, T.; Kapaun, M.; Peham, C. |
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Title |
Influence of rider on lameness in trotting horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
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Volume |
36 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
734-736 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Biomechanics; Body Weight; Exercise Test/veterinary; Female; Forelimb/physiopathology; Gait/*physiology; Head Movements/*physiology; Hindlimb/physiopathology; Horse Diseases/diagnosis/*physiopathology; Horses; Humans; Lameness, Animal/diagnosis/*physiopathology; Male; Stress, Mechanical; Weight-Bearing/physiology |
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Abstract |
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Equine lameness is commonly evaluated when the horse is being ridden, but the influence of the rider on the lameness has not been documented. OBJECTIVE: To document the effect of 2 riders of different training levels on the vertical movement of the head and croup. METHODS: Twenty mature horses were ridden at trot by an experienced dressage rider and a novice rider, as well as trotted in hand. Kinematic measurements of markers placed on the horse's head and sacral bone were carried out. The asymmetries of the vertical head and sacral bone motion were calculated as lameness parameters and compared with paired t tests. RESULTS: Trotting in hand, 17 horses showed forelimb lameness (1-4/10) and 13 hindlimb lameness (1-2/10). Intra-individually, 11 horses showed significant differences in forelimb lameness and 4 horses showed significant differences in hindlimb lameness when ridden. Over all horses, hindlimb lameness increased significantly under the dressage rider compared to unridden horses. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of a rider can alter the degree of lameness; however, its influence cannot be predicted for an individual horse. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: In order to evaluate mild lameness, horses should be evaluated at trot both under saddle and in hand. If lameness is exacerbated, a second rider may be helpful; the level of training of the rider should be taken into consideration. |
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Movement Science Group, Department V, Clinic of Orthopaedics in Ungulates, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria |
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0425-1644 |
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Notes |
PMID:15656506 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3715 |
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