| Home | << 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 >> [11–20] |
|
| Records | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author | Grogan, E.H.; McDonnell, S.M. | ||||
| Title | Behavioral responses to two intranasal vaccine applicators in horses and ponies | Type | |||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association | Abbreviated Journal | J Am Vet Med Assoc |
| Volume | 226 | Issue | 10 | Pages  |
1689-1693 |
| Keywords | Administration, Intranasal; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Female; Horses/physiology/*psychology; Immunization/instrumentation/methods/*veterinary; Male; Patient Compliance/psychology; Physical Examination/psychology/*veterinary; Vaccines/*administration & dosage; Videotape Recording | ||||
| Abstract | OBJECTIVE: To evaluate behavioral compliance of horses and ponies with simulated intranasal vaccination and assess development of generalized aversion to veterinary manipulations. DESIGN: Clinical trial. ANIMALS: 28 light horse mares, 3 pony geldings, 2 light horse stallions, and 3 pony stallions that had a history of compliance with veterinary procedures. PROCEDURE: Behavioral compliance with 2 intranasal vaccine applicators was assessed. Compliance with standard physical examination procedures was assessed before and after a single experience with either of the applicators or a control manipulation to evaluate development of generalized aversion to veterinary manipulation. RESULTS: In all 30 horses, simulated intranasal vaccination or the control manipulation could be performed without problematic avoidance behavior, and simulated intranasal vaccination did not have any significant effect on duration of or compliance with a standardized physical examination that included manipulation of the ears, nose, and mouth. Results were similar for the 2 intranasal vaccine applicators, and no difference in compliance was seen between horses in which warm versus cold applicators were used. For 3 of the 6 ponies, substantial avoidance behavior was observed in association with simulated intranasal vaccination, and compliance with physical examination procedures decreased after simulated intranasal vaccination. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although some compliance problems were seen with ponies, neither problems with compliance with simulated intranasal vaccination nor adverse effects on subsequent physical examination were identified in any of the horses. Further study is needed to understand factors involved in practitioner reports of aversion developing in association with intranasal vaccination. | ||||
| Address | Equine Behavior Laboratory, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0003-1488 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15906570 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1890 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Hostikka, S.L.; Eddy, R.L.; Byers, M.G.; Hoyhtya, M.; Shows, T.B.; Tryggvason, K. | ||||
| Title | Identification of a distinct type IV collagen alpha chain with restricted kidney distribution and assignment of its gene to the locus of X chromosome-linked Alport syndrome | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1990 | Publication | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
| Volume | 87 | Issue | 4 | Pages |
1606-1610 |
| Keywords | Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Chromosome Mapping; Cloning, Molecular; Collagen/*genetics; Epitopes/analysis; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Gene Library; *Genes; Humans; Immunoblotting; Kidney/cytology/*metabolism; Macromolecular Substances; Molecular Sequence Data; Nephritis, Hereditary/*genetics; Oligopeptides/chemical synthesis/immunology; Placenta/metabolism; Pregnancy; Restriction Mapping; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; *X Chromosome | ||||
| Abstract | We have identified and extensively characterized a type IV collagen alpha chain, referred to as alpha 5(IV). Four overlapping cDNA clones isolated contain an open reading frame for 543 amino acid residues of the carboxyl-terminal end of a collagenous domain, a 229-residue carboxyl-terminal noncollagenous domain, and 1201 base pairs coding for a 3' untranslated region. The collagenous Gly-Xaa-Yaa repeat sequence has five imperfections that coincide with those in the corresponding region of the alpha 1(IV) chain. The noncollagenous domain has 12 conserved cysteine residues and 83% and 63% sequence identity with the noncollagenous domains of the alpha 1(IV) and alpha 2(IV) chains, respectively. The alpha 5(IV) chain has less sequence identity with the putative bovine alpha 3(IV) and alpha 4(IV) chains. Antiserum against an alpha 5(IV) synthetic peptide stained a polypeptide chain of about 185 kDa by immunoblot analysis and immunolocalization of the chain in human kidney was almost completely restricted to the glomerulus. The gene was assigned to the Xq22 locus by somatic cell hybrids and in situ hybridization. This may be identical or close to the locus of the X chromosome-linked Alport syndrome that is believed to be a type IV collagen disease. | ||||
| Address | Biocenter, University of Oulu, Finland | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0027-8424 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:1689491 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5291 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Fischer, J.; Hammerschmidt, K.; Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M. | ||||
| Title | Acoustic features of male baboon loud calls: influences of context, age, and individuality | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America | Abbreviated Journal | J Acoust Soc Am |
| Volume | 111 | Issue | 3 | Pages |
1465-1474 |
| Keywords | Age Factors; Animal Communication; Animals; Individuality; Male; *Papio; *Social Environment; *Sound Spectrography; *Vocalization, Animal | ||||
| Abstract | The acoustic structure of loud calls (“wahoos”) recorded from free-ranging male baboons (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) in the Moremi Game Reserve, Botswana, was examined for differences between and within contexts, using calls given in response to predators (alarm wahoos), during male contests (contest wahoos), and when a male had become separated from the group (contact wahoos). Calls were recorded from adolescent, subadult, and adult males. In addition, male alarm calls were compared with those recorded from females. Despite their superficial acoustic similarity, the analysis revealed a number of significant differences between alarm, contest, and contact wahoos. Contest wahoos are given at a much higher rate, exhibit lower frequency characteristics, have a longer “hoo” duration, and a relatively louder “hoo” portion than alarm wahoos. Contact wahoos are acoustically similar to contest wahoos, but are given at a much lower rate. Both alarm and contest wahoos also exhibit significant differences among individuals. Some of the acoustic features that vary in relation to age and sex presumably reflect differences in body size, whereas others are possibly related to male stamina and endurance. The finding that calls serving markedly different functions constitute variants of the same general call type suggests that the vocal production in nonhuman primates is evolutionarily constrained. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA. fischer@eva.mpg.de | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0001-4966 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:11931324 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 691 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Jeong, S.; Han, M.; Lee, H.; Kim, M.; Kim, J.; Nicol, C.J.; Kim, B.H.; Choi, J.H.; Nam, K.-H.; Oh, G.T.; Yoon, M. | ||||
| Title | Effects of fenofibrate on high-fat diet-induced body weight gain and adiposity in female C57BL/6J mice | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Metabolism: clinical and experimental | Abbreviated Journal | Metabolism |
| Volume | 53 | Issue | 10 | Pages |
1284-1289 |
| Keywords | Adipose Tissue/*anatomy & histology/drug effects; Animals; Antilipemic Agents/*pharmacology; Body Composition/*drug effects; Body Weight/drug effects; Dietary Fats/*pharmacology; Eating/drug effects; Fatty Acids/metabolism; Female; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects; Leptin/metabolism; Liver/metabolism; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Ovariectomy; Procetofen/*pharmacology; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis/genetics; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism; Transcription Factors/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism; Weight Gain/*drug effects | ||||
| Abstract | Our previous study suggested that fenofibrate affects obesity and lipid metabolism in a sexually dimorphic manner in part through the differential activation of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) in male and female C57BL/6J mice. To determine whether fenofibrate reduces body weight gain and adiposity in female sham-operated (Sham) and ovariectomized (OVX) C57BL/6J mice, the effects of fenofibrate on not only body weight, white adipose tissue (WAT) mass, and food intake, but also the expression of both leptin and PPARalpha target genes were measured. Compared to their respective low-fat diet-fed controls, both Sham and OVX mice exhibited increases in body weight and WAT mass when fed a high-fat diet. Fenofibrate treatment decreased body weight gain and WAT mass in OVX, but not in Sham mice. Furthermore, fenofibrate increased the mRNA levels of PPARalpha target genes encoding peroxisomal enzymes involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation, and reduced apolipoprotein C-III (apo C-III) mRNA, all of which were expressed at higher levels in OVX compared to Sham mice. However, leptin mRNA levels were found to positively correlate with WAT mass, and food intake was not changed in either OVX or Sham mice following fenofibrate treatment. These results suggest that fenofibrate differentially regulates body weight and adiposity due in part to differences in PPARalpha activation, but not to differences in leptin production, between female OVX and Sham mice. | ||||
| Address | Department of Life Sciences, Mokwon University, Taejon, Korea | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0026-0495 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15375783 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 72 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Bergman, T.J.; Beehner, J.C.; Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M. | ||||
| Title | Hierarchical classification by rank and kinship in baboons | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 302 | Issue | 5648 | Pages |
1234-1236 |
| Keywords | Animals; Animals, Wild; Botswana; *Cognition; Family; Female; *Hierarchy, Social; Language; *Papio/psychology; Social Dominance; Vocalization, Animal | ||||
| Abstract | Humans routinely classify others according to both their individual attributes, such as social status or wealth, and membership in higher order groups, such as families or castes. They also recognize that people's individual attributes may be influenced and regulated by their group affiliations. It is not known whether such rule-governed, hierarchical classifications are specific to humans or might also occur in nonlinguistic species. Here we show that baboons recognize that a dominance hierarchy can be subdivided into family groups. In playback experiments, baboons respond more strongly to call sequences mimicking dominance rank reversals between families than within families, indicating that they classify others simultaneously according to both individual rank and kinship. The selective pressures imposed by complex societies may therefore have favored cognitive skills that constitute an evolutionary precursor to some components of human cognition. | ||||
| Address | Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. thore@sas.upenn.edu | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1095-9203 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:14615544 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 689 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Gentner, T.Q.; Fenn, K.M.; Margoliash, D.; Nusbaum, H.C. | ||||
| Title | Recursive syntactic pattern learning by songbirds | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature |
| Volume | 440 | Issue | 7088 | Pages |
1204-1207 |
| Keywords | Acoustic Stimulation; *Animal Communication; Animals; Auditory Perception/*physiology; Humans; *Language; Learning/*physiology; Linguistics; Models, Neurological; Semantics; Starlings/*physiology; Stochastic Processes | ||||
| Abstract | Humans regularly produce new utterances that are understood by other members of the same language community. Linguistic theories account for this ability through the use of syntactic rules (or generative grammars) that describe the acceptable structure of utterances. The recursive, hierarchical embedding of language units (for example, words or phrases within shorter sentences) that is part of the ability to construct new utterances minimally requires a 'context-free' grammar that is more complex than the 'finite-state' grammars thought sufficient to specify the structure of all non-human communication signals. Recent hypotheses make the central claim that the capacity for syntactic recursion forms the computational core of a uniquely human language faculty. Here we show that European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) accurately recognize acoustic patterns defined by a recursive, self-embedding, context-free grammar. They are also able to classify new patterns defined by the grammar and reliably exclude agrammatical patterns. Thus, the capacity to classify sequences from recursive, centre-embedded grammars is not uniquely human. This finding opens a new range of complex syntactic processing mechanisms to physiological investigation. | ||||
| Address | Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. tgentner@ucsd.edu | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1476-4687 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16641998 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 353 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Dunbar, R. | ||||
| Title | Evolution of the social brain | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Science | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 302 | Issue | 5648 | Pages |
1160-1161 |
| Keywords | Animals; Animals, Wild; *Cognition; Endorphins/physiology; *Evolution; Female; Grooming; Hierarchy, Social; Language; Neocortex/anatomy & histology/physiology; Papio/physiology/*psychology; *Reproduction; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Social Support; Vocalization, Animal | ||||
| Abstract | |||||
| Address | School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK. rimd@liv.ac.uk | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1095-9203 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:14615522 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 548 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Krzak, W.E.; Gonyou, H.W.; Lawrence, L.M. | ||||
| Title | Wood chewing by stabled horses: diurnal pattern and effects of exercise | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1991 | Publication | Journal of Animal Science | Abbreviated Journal | J. Anim Sci. |
| Volume | 69 | Issue | 3 | Pages |
1053-1058 |
| Keywords | Animal Feed; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Circadian Rhythm; Female; Horses/*physiology; Male; *Mastication; *Physical Conditioning, Animal; Sodium Chloride/administration & dosage; Videotape Recording; Wood | ||||
| Abstract | Nine yearling horses, stabled in individual stalls, were used in a trial to determine the diurnal pattern of wood chewing and the effects of exercise on this behavior. The trial was a Latin square design conducted over three 2-wk periods during which each horse was exposed to each of the three following treatments: 1) no exercise (NE), 2) exercise after the morning feeding (AM), and 3) exercise in the afternoon (PM). Horses were fed a complete pelleted feed in the morning and both pelleted feed and long-stemmed hay in the afternoon. Exercise consisted of 45 min on a mechanical walker followed by 45 min in a paddock with bare soil. Each stall was equipped with two untreated spruce boards during each period for wood chewing. Wood chewing was evaluated by videotaping each horse for 22 h during each period, determining the weight and volume of the boards before and after each period, and by visual appraisal of the boards. Intake of trace mineralized salt was also measured. Wood chewing occurred primarily between 2200 and 1200. All measures of wood chewing were correlated when totals for the entire 6 wk were analyzed. When analysis was performed on 2-wk values, videotape results were not correlated with volume or weight loss of boards. Horses chewed more when on the NE treatment (511 s/d) than when on AM or PM (57 and 136 s/d, respectively; P less than .05). Salt intake tended to be greater for NE than for the other treatments (P less than .10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) | ||||
| Address | Dept. of Anim. Sci., University of Illinois, Urbana 61801 | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0021-8812 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:2061237 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 1949 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Hemelrijk,C. K.; Wantia,J.; Gygax,L. | ||||
| Title | The construction of dominance order: comparing performance of five methods using an individual-based model | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Behaviour |
| Volume | 142 | Issue | 8 | Pages |
1043-1064 |
| Keywords | dominance order, ranking method, agent-based model, statistical method, aggression | ||||
| Abstract | In studies of animal behaviour investigators correlate dominance with all kinds of behavioural variables, such as reproductive success and foraging success. Many methods are used to produce a dominance hierarchy from a matrix reflecting the frequency of winning dominance interactions. These different methods produce different hierarchies. However, it is difficult to decide which ranking method is best. In this paper, we offer a new procedure for this decision: we use an individual-based model, called DomWorld, as a test-environment. We choose this model, because it provides access to both the internal dominance values of artificial agents (which reflects their fighting power) and the matrix of winning and losing among them and, in addition, because its behavioural rules are biologically inspired and its group-level patterns resemble those of real primates. We compare statistically the dominance hierarchy based on the internal dominance values of the artificial agents with the dominance hierarchy produced by ranking individuals by (a) their total frequency of winning, (b) their average dominance index, (c) a refined dominance index, the David`s score, (d) the number of subordinates each individual has and (e) a ranking method based on maximizing the linear order of the hierarchy. Because dominance hierarchies may differ depending on group size, type of society, and the interval of study, we compare these ranking methods for these conditions.We study complete samples as well as samples randomly chosen to resemble the limitations of observing real animals. It appears that two methods of medium complexity (the average dominance index and David`s score) lead to hierarchical orders that come closest to the hierarchy based on internal dominance values of the agents. We advocate usage of the average dominance index, because of its computational simplicity. |
||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 445 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Houpt, K.A.; Parsons, M.S.; Hintz, H.F. | ||||
| Title | Learning ability of orphan foals, of normal foals and of their mothers | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | Journal of animal science | Abbreviated Journal | J. Anim Sci. |
| Volume | 55 | Issue | 5 | Pages |
1027-1032 |
| Keywords | Age Factors; Animals; Body Weight; Dominance-Subordination; Female; Horses/*physiology; *Learning; *Maternal Deprivation; Mothers/*psychology | ||||
| Abstract | The maze learning ability of six pony foals that had been weaned at birth was compared to that of six foals reared normally. The foals' learning ability was also compared to their mothers' learning ability at the same task; the correct turn in a single choice point maze. The maze learning test was conducted when the foals were 6 to 8 mo old and after the mothered foals had been weaned. There was no significant difference between the ability of orphaned (weaned at birth) and mothered foals in their ability to learn to turn left (6 +/- .7 and 5.1 +/- .1 trials, respectively) or to learn the reversal, to turn right (6.7 +/- .6 and 6.2 +/- .6 trials, respectively). The orphan foals spent significantly more time in the maze in their first exposure to it than the mothered foals (184 +/- 42 vs 55 +/- 15 s. Mann Whitney U = 7, P less than .05). The mothers of the foals (n = 11) learned to turn left as rapidly as the foals (5.9 +/- .7 trials), but they were slower to learn to turn right (9.8 +/- 1.4 vs 6.4 +/- .4 trials, Mann Whitney U = 33, P less than .05), indicating that the younger horses learned more rapidly. There was no correlation between the trials to criteria of the mare and those of her foal, but there was a significant negative correlation between rank in trials to criteria and age (r = -65, P less than .05) when data from the mare and foal trials were combined. The dominance hierarchy of the mares was determined using a paired feeding test in which two horses competed for one bucket of feed. Although there was no correlation between rank in the hierarchy and maze learning ability, there was a correlation between body weight and rank in the hierarchy (r = .7, P less than .05). This may indicate either that heavier horses are likely to be dominant or that horses high in dominance gain more weight. Maternal deprivation did not appear to seriously retard learning of a simple maze by foals, although the orphans moved more slowly initially. The lack of maternal influence on learning is also reflected in the lack of correlation between the mare's learning ability and that of her foal. Young horses appear to learn more rapidly than older horses. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0021-8812 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:7174546 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 58 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||