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Author |
Schoen Ams, |
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Title |
Behaviour of young shetland welsh ponies |
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Year |
1976 |
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Biol Behav |
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1 |
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192-216 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1576 |
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Author |
SCHOEN AMS et al, |
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Title |
Behavior of young shetland and welsh ponies |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1976 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Biol Behav |
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Volume |
1 |
Issue |
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Pages |
192-216 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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Serial |
1577 |
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Author |
Dowdle, W.R.; Schild, G.C. |
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Title |
Influenza: its antigenic variation and ecology |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Bulletin of the Pan American Health Organization |
Abbreviated Journal |
Bull Pan Am Health Organ |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
193-195 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Antigens, Viral; Bird Diseases/microbiology; Birds; Hemagglutinins, Viral; Horse Diseases/microbiology; Horses; Humans; Influenza A virus/immunology/isolation & purification; Influenza, Human/epidemiology; Mutation; Neuraminidase/immunology; Orthomyxoviridae/enzymology/*immunology; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/microbiology/veterinary; Recombination, Genetic; Swine; Swine Diseases/microbiology |
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Abstract |
Influenza viruses have two surface antigens, the glycoprotein structures hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Antibodies to each of these are associated with immunity, but the structures themselves are antigenically variable. When an antigenic change is gradual over time it is referred to as a drift, while a sudden complete or major change in either or both antigens is termed a shift. The mechanism of antigenic drift is usually attributed to selection of preexisting mutants by pressure from increasing immunity in the human population. The mechanism of antigenic shift is less clear, but one tentative hypothesis is that shifts arise from mammalian or avian reservoirs, or through genetic recombination of human and animal influenza strains. |
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0085-4638 |
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PMID:187273 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2700 |
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Author |
Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Greenwood, P.J.; Powell, R.P. |
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Title |
Ranks and relationships in Highland ponies and Highland Cows |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie |
Abbreviated Journal |
Z. Tierpsychol. |
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Volume |
41 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
202-216 |
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Keywords |
Agonistic Behavior; Animals; *Cattle; Female; Grooming; *Horses; Male; *Social Dominance; Spatial Behavior |
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Abstract |
Recent studies of primates have questioned the importance of dominance hierarchies in groups living under natural conditions. In a herd of Highland ponies and one of Highland cattle grazing under free-range conditions on the Isle of Rhum (Inner Hebrides) well defined hierarchies were present. The provision of food produced a marked increase in the frequency of agonistic interactions but had no effect on the rank systems of the two herds. While rank was clearly important in affecting the distribution of agonistic interactions, it was poorly related to behaviour in non-agonistic situations. |
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0044-3573 |
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PMID:961125 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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661 |
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Author |
Smuts Gl, |
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Title |
Reproduction in the zebra stallion from the Krüger National Park |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1976 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Zool Afr |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
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Pages |
207-220 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1616 |
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Author |
Jaworowska M, |
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Title |
Verhaltensbeobaachtungen an primitiven polnischen Pferden, die in einem polnischen Wald – Schutzgebiet – in Freiheit lebend – erhalten werden |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1976 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Säugetierk Mitt |
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Volume |
24 |
Issue |
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Pages |
241-268 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1220 |
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Author |
Dow, M.; Ewing, A.W.; Sutherland, I. |
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Title |
Studies on the behaviour of cyprinodont fish. III. The temporal patterning of aggression in Aphyosemion striatum (Boulenger) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
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Volume |
59 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
252-268 |
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Keywords |
*Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Dominance-Subordination; *Fishes; Humans; Individuality; *Killifishes; Male; Time Factors |
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ISSN |
0005-7959 |
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Notes |
PMID:1035107 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4151 |
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Author |
Humphrey, N. K. |
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Title |
The social function of intellect. |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Growing Points in Ethology |
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Pages |
303-317 |
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Cambridge University Press |
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Cambridge |
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Bateson, P. P. G.; Hinde, R. A. |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5459 |
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Author |
Wüst G, |
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Title |
Geburt und perinatales Verhalten beim Steppenzebra |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Zoologische Garten |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zool. Garten. |
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Volume |
N.F. Jena 46 |
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305-352 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1725 |
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Author |
Feist, J.D.; McCullough, D.R. |
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Title |
Behavior patterns and communication in feral horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie |
Abbreviated Journal |
Z. Tierpsychol. |
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Volume |
41 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
337-371 |
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Keywords |
*Animal Communication; Animals; Female; *Horses; Male; Maternal Behavior; Sexual Behavior, Animal; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance |
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Abstract |
The social behavior of feral horses was studied in the western United States. Stable harem groups with a dominant stallion and bachelor hermaphrodite hermaphrodite groups occupied overlapping home ranges. Groups spacing, but not territoriality, was expressed. Harem group, stability resulted from strong dominance by dominant stallions, and fidelity of group members. Eliminations of group members were usually marked by urine of the dominant stallion. Hermaphrodite-hermaphrodite aggression involved spacing between harems and dominance in bachelor groups. Marking with feces was important in hermaphrodite-hermaphrodite interactions. Foaling occurred in May and early June, following the post-partum estrous. All breeding was done by harem stallions. Young were commonly nursed through yearling age. These horses showed social organizations similar to other feral horses and plains zebras. |
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0044-3573 |
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Notes |
PMID:983427 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3995 |
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