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Author Skandakumar, S.; Stodulski, G.; Hau, J. url  openurl
  Title Salivary IgA: a Possible Stress Marker In Dogs Type Abstract
  Year 1995 Publication Animal Welfare Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 4 Issue 4 Pages 339-350  
  Keywords Animal Welfare; Behaviour; Cortisol; Dog; Salivary Iga (S-Iga); Stress; Well-Being  
  Abstract Stress in humans has been reported to be associated with a decrease in the salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) levels enabling the possible use of s-IgA to assess stress. Prolonged stress, if reliably assessed in a non-invasive manner, may be used to assess animal welfare. This study analysed groups of dogs undergoing physical and temperamental training and s-IgA levels were measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis in prospective samples. Behavioural assessment was carried out and cortisol levels in saliva were measured by ELISA. A significant negative correlation (P < 0.007) between the logarithmic cortisol concentrations and s-IgA levels in saliva was recorded. The behavioural assessment of the dogs agreed well with the biochemical markers. It is concluded that IgA levels in saliva may be a useful marker of dog well-being and that stress results in decreased s-IgA levels.  
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  Call Number (down) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5964  
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Author Griebenow, K.; Klibanov, A.M. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Lyophilization-induced reversible changes in the secondary structure of proteins Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Proc Natl Acad Sci USA Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 92 Issue 24 Pages 10969-10976  
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  Abstract Changes in the secondary structure of some dozen different proteins upon lyophilization of their aqueous solutions have been investigated by means of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in the amide III band region. Dehydration markedly (but reversibly) alters the secondary structure of all the proteins studied, as revealed by both the quantitative analysis of the second derivative spectra and the Gaussian curve fitting of the original infrared spectra. Lyophilization substantially increases the beta-sheet content and lowers the alpha-helix content of all proteins. In all but one case, proteins become more ordered upon lyophilization.  
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  Call Number (down) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6519  
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Author Boissy, A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Fear and Fearfulness in Animals Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication The Quarterly Review of Biology Abbreviated Journal The Quarterly Review of Biology  
  Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 165-191  
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  Abstract Persistence of individual differences in animal behavior in reactions to various environmental challenges could reflect basic divergences in temperament, which might be used to predict details of adaptive response. Although studies have been carried out on fear and anxiety in various species, including laboratory, domestic and wild animals, no consistent definition of fearfulness as a basic trait of temperament has emerged. After a classification of the events that may produce a state of fear, this article describes the great variability in behavior and in physiological patterns generally associated with emotional reactivity. The difficulties of proposing fearfulness-the general capacity to react to a variety of potentially threatening situations-as a valid basic internal variable are then discussed. Although there are many studies showing covariation among the psychobiological responses to different environmental challenges, other studies find no such correlations and raise doubts about the interpretation of fearfulness as a basic personality trait. After a critical assessment of methodologies used in fear and anxiety studies, it is suggested that discrepancies among results are mainly due to the modulation of emotional responses in animals, which depend on numerous genetic and epigenetic factors. It is difficult to compare results obtained by different methods from animals reared under various conditions and with different genetic origins. The concept of fearfulness as an inner trait is best supported by two kinds of investigations. First, an experimental approach combining ethology and experimental psychology produces undeniable indicators of emotional reactivity. Second, genetic lines selected for psychobiological traits prove useful in establishing between behavioral and neuroendocrine aspects of emotional reactivity. It is suggested that fearfulness could be considered a basic feature of the temperament of each individual, one that predisposes it to respond similarly to a variety of potentially alarming challenges, but is nevertheless continually modulated during development by the interaction of genetic traits of reactivity with environmental factors, particularly in the juvenile period. Such interaction may explain much of the interindividual variability observed in adaptive responses.  
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  Publisher The University of Chicago Press Place of Publication Editor  
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  ISSN 0033-5770 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes doi: 10.1086/418981 Approved no  
  Call Number (down) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6664  
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Author PITRA, C.H.; STREICH, W.J.; REINSCH, A.; FICKEL, J. openurl 
  Title Die Population des Somali-Wildesels (Equus africanus somalicus Sclater) in menschlicher Obhut: Demographische und genetische Aspekte Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Zoologische Garten Abbreviated Journal Zool. Garten.  
  Volume N.F. 65 Issue 4 Pages 245-257  
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  Call Number (down) Serial 1472  
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Author Hoglund, J.; Alatalo, R.V.; Gibson, R.M.; Lundberg, A. url  openurl
  Title Mate-choice copying in black grouse Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 49 Issue 6 Pages 1627-1633  
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  Call Number (down) Serial 1817  
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Author Bateson, M.; Kacelnik, A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Accuracy of memory for amount in the foraging starling,Sturnus vulgaris Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 431-443  
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  Abstract Attempts to include psychological constraints in models of foraging behaviour differ in their assumptions concerning the accuracy of estimation of environmental parameters. Psychologists model estimation error as increasing linearly with the magnitude of a stimulus (Weber's Law), whereas behavioural ecologists either ignore error or assume it to be independent of stimulus magnitude. Studies on the estimation of time intervals have confirmed Weber's Law, but there are few data on the accuracy of estimation of amounts of food. Since the currency of most foraging models is the amount of food acquired per unit of time spent foraging, information on estimation of amount is required. Here, a titration method was used in which starlings chose between two cues. One colour signalled a standard food reward, and the other a reward that adjusted in magnitude according to the birds' choices: it increased when the standard was preferred and decreased when the adjusting option was preferred. There were two standards of 3 and 9 units of food, each of which was delivered at two rates to control for possible effects of rate of reinforcement on discrimination. The observed value of the adjusting option oscillated around a mean value slightly larger than that of the standard. The amplitude and period of these oscillations were larger when the standard was larger, independent of the rate of reinforcement. Also, molecular analysis showed that the probability of choosing the currently larger alternative increased as the relative difference between the adjusting option and standard increased. These results are consistent with Weber's Law applying to starlings' memories for amounts of food.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (down) Serial 2110  
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