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| Author |
Passani M. B.; Blandina P. |
| Title |
The Neuronal Histaminergic System in Cognition |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
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Current Medicinal Chemistry – Central Nervous System Agents |
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4 |
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17-26 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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3520 |
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| Author |
Hunt, G.R.; Gray, R.D. |
| Title |
The crafting of hook tools by wild New Caledonian crows |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. |
| Volume |
271 |
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S88-S90 |
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| Abstract |
The 'crafting' of tools involves (i) selection of appropriate raw material, (ii) preparatory trimming and (iii) fine, three-dimensional sculpting. Its evolution is technologically important because it allows the open-ended development of tools. New Caledonian crows manufacture an impressive range of stick and leaf tools. We previously reported that their toolkit included hooked implements made from leafy twigs, although their manufacture had never been closely observed. We describe the manufacture of 10 hooked-twig tools by an adult crow and its dependent juvenile. To make all 10 tools, the crows carried out a relatively invariant three-step sequence of complex manipulations that involved (i) the selection of raw material, (ii) trimming and (iii) a lengthy sculpting of the hook. Hooked-twig manufacture contrasts with the lack of sculpting in the making of wooden tools by other non-humans such as chimpanzees and woodpecker finches. This fine, three-stage crafting process removes another alleged difference between humans and other animals. |
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3526 |
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| Author |
Koenen, E.P.C.; Aldridge, L.I.; Philipsson, J. |
| Title |
An overview of breeding objectives for warmblood sport horses |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Livestock Production Science |
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88 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
77-84 |
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Breeding objective; Sport horse; Sport performance; Conformation; Specialisation |
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The aim of this paper is to review the current breeding objectives of organisations that run a selection programme for warmblood riding horses in the light of an increasing trend in trade of semen across countries. In a questionnaire, 19 horse breeding organisations provided information on breeding objective traits. Variation both in length and amount of details used to define individual breeding objectives was large, reflecting that many traits in sport horse breeding are not easy to measure, and therefore, have to be defined in a subjective way. The majority of the breeding objectives included conformation, gaits and performance in show jumping and dressage. Some breeding objectives also included behaviour, soundness, health and fertility. However, several organisations did not specify the sport discipline and the level of competition (amateur, national or international level) in the breeding objective. In general, relative weightings of the traits within the verbally presented breeding objectives were not given, but were assessed by the organisations in response to this study. The relevance of more information on expected future production circumstances and on the genetic parameters of the traits of interest are discussed. A further review of the consistency, completeness and the number of traits of the present breeding objectives for sport horses is recommended to optimise the efficiency of selection decisions. |
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3954 |
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Murray, J.K.; Singer, E.R.; Morgan, K.L.; Proudman, C.J.; French, N.P. |
| Title |
Memory decay and performance-related information bias in the reporting of scores by event riders |
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Journal Article |
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2004 |
Publication |
Preventive Veterinary Medicine |
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63 |
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3-4 |
Pages |
173-182 |
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Reporting bias; Memory decay; Risk factors; Horse; Cross-country |
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We used data from a case-control study investigating risk factors for horse falls in the cross-country phase of eventing in Great Britain (GB) to examine evidence for memory decay and information bias. Responses to two questions obtained by telephone for 173 cases and 521 controls were examined for evidence of differential reporting according to the respondent's case-control status and performance in the dressage and cross-country phases of competitions. Information bias was found in the accuracy of reporting dressage penalty scores when analysed as a function of performance level (good/poor). Poor dressage performers were less likely to report accurate dressage scores than good performers. The accuracy of reporting dressage scores decreased as the time between the event and questionnaire completion increased, with no case-control interaction. Competitors who incurred cross-country jumping penalties at the event preceding the selected event reported their cross-country scores with less accuracy when compared with competitors who incurred no penalties. No information bias was found when the reporting of dressage and cross-country scores were analysed as a function of respondent category (case/control). |
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3955 |
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| Author |
Squire, L. |
| Title |
Memory systems of the brain: a brief history and current perspective |
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2004 |
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Neurobiol Learn Mem |
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82 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Squire2004 |
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6365 |
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Slater, P.; Rosenblatt, J.; Snowdon, C.; Roper, T. |
| Title |
Advances In The Study Of Behavior, 34 |
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2004 |
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34 |
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DescriptionThe aim of Advances in the Study of Behavior remains as it has been since the series began: to serve the increasing number of scientists who are engaged in the study of animal behavior by presenting their theoretical ideas and research to their colleagues and to those in neighboring fields. We hope that the series will continue its “contribution to the development of the field”, as its intended role was phrased in the Preface to the first volume in 1965. Since that time, traditional areas of animal behavior have achieved new vigor by the links they have formed with related fields and by the closer relationship that now exists between those studying animal and human subjects. Advances in the Study of Behavior, Volume 31 continues to serve scientists across a wide spectrum of disciplines. Focusing on new theories and research developments with respect to behavioral ecology, evolutionary biology, and comparative psychology, these volumes foster cooperation and communications in these dense fields.AudienceExperimental psychologists studying animal behavior, comparative psychologists, ethologists, evolutionary biologists, and ichthyologists.ContentsContributors. Preface.M.L. East and H. Hofer, Conflict and Co-operation in a Female Dominated Society: A Re-assessment of the “Hyper-aggressive” Image of Spotted Hyenas.C. ten Cate, H. Slabbekoorn, and M.R. Ballintijn, Bird Song and Male-male Competition: Causes and Consequences of Vocal Variability in the Collared Dove (Streptopelia Decaocto).R.W. Byrne, Imitation of Novel Complex Actions: What Does the Evidence from Animals Mean?L.J. Rogers, Lateralization in Vertebrates: Its Early Evolution, General Pattern and Development.S.H. Hulse, Auditory Scene Analysis in Animal Communication.P.K. Stoddard, Electric Signals: Predation, Sex, and Environmental Constraints.T. Aubin and P. Jouventin, How to Vocally Identify Kin in a Crowd: The Penguin Model. Index. Contents of Previous Volumes. |
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Academic Press |
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978-0-12-004534-1 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Slater2004 |
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5991 |
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Nakagawa, S. |
| Title |
A farewell to Bonferroni: the problems of low statistical power and publication bias |
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2004 |
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Behav Ecol |
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15 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Nakagawa2004 |
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6294 |
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Kleiven, J.; Bjerke, T.; Kaltenborn, B.P. |
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Factors influencing the social acceptability of large carnivore behaviours |
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2004 |
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Biodivers Conserv |
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13 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Kleiven2004 |
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6447 |
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Hiby, E.F.; Rooney, N.J.; Bradshaw, J.W.S. |
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Dog training methods: their use, effectiveness and interaction with behaviour and welfare |
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Journal Article |
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2004 |
Publication |
Animal Welfare |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Welf. |
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13 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
63-69 |
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Historically, pet dogs were trained using mainly negative reinforcement or punishment, but positive reinforcement using rewards has recently become more popular. The methods used may have different impacts on the dogs� welfare. We distributed a questionnaire to 364 dog owners in order to examine the relative effectiveness of different training methods and their effects upon a pet dog�s behaviour. When asked how they trained their dog on seven basic tasks, 66% reported using vocal punishment, 12% used physical punishment, 60% praise (social reward), 51% food rewards and 11% play. The owner�s ratings for their dog�s obedience during eight tasks correlated positively with the number of tasks which they trained using rewards (P<0.01), but not using punishment (P=0.5). When asked whether their dog exhibited any of 16 common problematic behaviours, the number of problems reported by the owners correlated with the number of tasks for which their dog was trained using punishment (P<0.001), but not using rewards (P=0.17). Exhibition of problematic behaviours may be indicative of compromised welfare, because such behaviours can be caused byor result ina state of anxiety and may lead to a dog being relinquished or abandoned. Because punishment was associated with an increased incidence of problematic behaviours, we conclude that it may represent a welfare concern without concurrent benefits in obedience. We suggest that positive training methods may be more useful to the pet-owning community. |
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0962-7286 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Hiby:2004:0962-7286:63 |
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6433 |
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| Author |
Deingruber, K. |
| Title |
Auswirkungen von Schallbelastungen durch Freizeitlärm auf das Hörvermögen – experimentelle Untersuchungen am Meerschweinchen |
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2004 |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ ediss1932 |
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5632 |
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