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Author Miller, R.M. openurl 
  Title The revolution in horsemanship Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association Abbreviated Journal J Am Vet Med Assoc  
  Volume 216 Issue 8 Pages 1232-1233  
  Keywords *Animal Welfare; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Bonding, Human-Pet; *Horses/psychology; Humans; *Physical Conditioning, Animal  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-1488 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:10767957 Approved no  
  Call Number (up) refbase @ user @ Serial 1925  
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Author van Niekerk, H.P. openurl 
  Title Ethological studies within the man-horse relationship Type Journal Article
  Year 1980 Publication Journal of the South African Veterinary Association Abbreviated Journal J S Afr Vet Assoc  
  Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 237-238  
  Keywords Animals; Behavior, Animal; Hearing; Horses/*physiology; Humans; Smell; Taste; Touch; Vision  
  Abstract Certain aspects of ethology and the horse's senses are discussed to bring about a better understanding between man and horse. Furthermore the behaviour of horses with respect to housing, feeding, breeding, veterinary treatment and work are considered.  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1019-9128 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:7241494 Approved no  
  Call Number (up) refbase @ user @ Serial 1960  
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Author Lynch, J.J.; Fregin, G.F.; Mackie, J.B.; Monroe, R.R.J. openurl 
  Title Heart rate changes in the horse to human contact Type Journal Article
  Year 1974 Publication Psychophysiology Abbreviated Journal Psychophysiology  
  Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 472-478  
  Keywords Animals; Behavior, Animal; Electrocardiography/veterinary; *Heart Rate; Horses/*physiology; Humans; *Social Behavior; *Touch  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0048-5772 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:4852234 Approved no  
  Call Number (up) refbase @ user @ Serial 1965  
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Author Thrower, W.R. openurl 
  Title Aggression in horses Type Journal Article
  Year 1970 Publication Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine Abbreviated Journal Proc R Soc Med  
  Volume 63 Issue 2 Pages 163-167  
  Keywords *Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Breeding; Evolution; *Horses; Humans; Species Specificity; Territoriality  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0035-9157 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:5462347 Approved no  
  Call Number (up) refbase @ user @ Serial 1966  
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Author de Wall, F.B.; Aureli, F. openurl 
  Title Conflict resolution and distress alleviation in monkeys and apes Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Abbreviated Journal Ann N Y Acad Sci  
  Volume 807 Issue Pages 317-328  
  Keywords *Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; Arousal; *Conflict (Psychology); Empathy; Haplorhini/*psychology; Hominidae/*psychology; Humans; Learning; Models, Psychological; *Social Behavior; Stress, Psychological  
  Abstract Research on nonhuman primates has produced compelling evidence for reconciliation and consolation, that is, postconflict contacts that serve to respectively repair social relationships and reassure distressed individuals, such as victims of attack. This has led to a view of conflict and conflict resolution as an integrated part of social relationships, hence determined by social factors and modifiable by the social environment. Implications of this new model of social conflict are discussed along with evidence for behavioral flexibility, the value of cooperation, and the possibility that distress alleviation rests on empathy, a capacity that may be present in chimpanzees and humans but not in most other animals.  
  Address Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. dewaal@rmy.emory.edu  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0077-8923 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:9071360 Approved no  
  Call Number (up) refbase @ user @ Serial 2882  
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Author Emery, N.J. doi  openurl
  Title The eyes have it: the neuroethology, function and evolution of social gaze Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Abbreviated Journal Neurosci Biobehav Rev  
  Volume 24 Issue 6 Pages 581-604  
  Keywords Animals; *Eye; Fixation, Ocular; Humans; *Social Behavior  
  Abstract Gaze is an important component of social interaction. The function, evolution and neurobiology of gaze processing are therefore of interest to a number of researchers. This review discusses the evolutionary role of social gaze in vertebrates (focusing on primates), and a hypothesis that this role has changed substantially for primates compared to other animals. This change may have been driven by morphological changes to the face and eyes of primates, limitations in the facial anatomy of other vertebrates, changes in the ecology of the environment in which primates live, and a necessity to communicate information about the environment, emotional and mental states. The eyes represent different levels of signal value depending on the status, disposition and emotional state of the sender and receiver of such signals. There are regions in the monkey and human brain which contain neurons that respond selectively to faces, bodies and eye gaze. The ability to follow another individual's gaze direction is affected in individuals with autism and other psychopathological disorders, and after particular localized brain lesions. The hypothesis that gaze following is “hard-wired” in the brain, and may be localized within a circuit linking the superior temporal sulcus, amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex is discussed.  
  Address Center for Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry & California Regional Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. njemery@ucdavis.edu  
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  ISSN 0149-7634 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:10940436 Approved no  
  Call Number (up) refbase @ user @ Serial 3996  
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Author Stahl, F.; Dorner, G. openurl 
  Title Responses of salivary cortisol levels to stress-situations Type Journal Article
  Year 1982 Publication Endokrinologie Abbreviated Journal Endokrinologie  
  Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages 158-162  
  Keywords Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/diagnostic use; Anxiety Disorders/metabolism; Circadian Rhythm; Cushing Syndrome/metabolism; Fear/physiology; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone/*metabolism; Male; Pain/metabolism; Pregnancy; Saliva/*metabolism; Stress/*metabolism  
  Abstract A procedure is described for determining salivary cortisol levels by a competitive protein-binding assay using horse transcortin. The collection of saliva was performed by means of filter paper-strips. Filter paper samples are more than 5 days stable after air-drying. In this form, the samples could be stored without refrigerator or deep-freezer and, if necessary, sent by post to the laboratory without any special precaution. Stressful situation of either painful or anxious origin were associated with an adequate increase of salivary cortisol levels. The increases were 157 to 230% of the initial or normal values dependent on the kind of stress. The mean values in 4 cases of Cushing's syndrome were 380% and 1 hour after 25 I.U. ACTH 690% higher than those in normal persons. In normal persons, a well-defined circadian rhythm has been observed.  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0013-7251 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:6297880 Approved no  
  Call Number (up) refbase @ user @ Serial 4056  
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