|
Records |
Links |
|
Author |
Hall, R.A.; Broom, A.K.; Smith, D.W.; Mackenzie, J.S. |
|
|
Title |
The ecology and epidemiology of Kunjin virus |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol |
|
|
Volume |
267 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
253-269 |
|
|
Keywords |
Animals; Culicidae/virology; Ecosystem; Horse Diseases/etiology; Horses; Humans; Insect Vectors; Population Surveillance; West Nile Fever/*epidemiology/*etiology/veterinary; West Nile virus/classification/genetics/immunology/*isolation & purification |
|
|
Abstract |
|
|
|
Address |
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0070-217X |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:12082993 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number ![sorted by Call Number field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2642 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Endy, T.P.; Nisalak, A. |
|
|
Title |
Japanese encephalitis virus: ecology and epidemiology |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol |
|
|
Volume |
267 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
11-48 |
|
|
Keywords |
Animals; Birds/virology; Climate; Culicidae/virology; Disease Outbreaks/history; Ecosystem; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese/*pathogenicity; Encephalitis, Japanese/*epidemiology/*etiology/history/transmission; History, 20th Century; Horses/virology; Humans; Insect Vectors; Japan/epidemiology; Risk Factors; Swine/virology; Thailand/epidemiology; Viral Vaccines/pharmacology |
|
|
Abstract |
|
|
|
Address |
Department of Virology, United States Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (USAMC-AFRIMS), 315/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0070-217X |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:12082986 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number ![sorted by Call Number field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2643 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Manns, J.R.; Clark, R.E.; Squire, L.R. |
|
|
Title |
Standard delay eyeblink classical conditioning is independent of awareness |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
|
|
Volume |
28 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
32-37 |
|
|
Keywords |
Aged; *Awareness; *Blinking; *Conditioning, Classical; Humans |
|
|
Abstract |
P. F. Lovibond and D. R. Shanks (2002) suggested that all forms of classical conditioning depend on awareness of the stimulus contingencies. This article considers the available data for eyeblink classical conditioning, including data from 2 studies (R. E. Clark, J. R. Manns, & L. R. Squire, 2001; J. R. Manns, R. E. Clark, & L. R. Squire, 2001) that were completed too recently to have been considered in their review. In addition, in response to questions raised by P. F. Lovibond and D. R. Shanks, 2 new analyses of data are presented from studies published previously. The available data from humans and experimental animals provide strong evidence that delay eyeblink classical conditioning (but not trace eyeblink classical conditioning) can be acquired and retained independently of the forebrain and independently of awareness. This conclusion applies to standard conditioning paradigms; for example, to single-cue delay conditioning when a tone is used as the conditioned stimulus (CS) and to differential delay conditioning when the positive and negative conditioned stimuli (CS+ and CS-) are a tone and white noise. |
|
|
Address |
Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, USA |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0097-7403 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:11868232 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number ![sorted by Call Number field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2769 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Dugatkin, L.A. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
|
|
Title |
Animal cooperation among unrelated individuals |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Die Naturwissenschaften |
Abbreviated Journal |
Naturwissenschaften |
|
|
Volume |
89 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
533-541 |
|
|
Keywords |
Animals; Phylogeny; *Social Behavior; Species Specificity |
|
|
Abstract |
The evolution of cooperation has long been a topic near and dear to the hearts of behavioral and evolutionary ecologists. Cooperative behaviors run the gamut from fairly simple to very complicated and there are a myriad of ways to study cooperation. Here I shall focus on three paths that have been delineated in the study of intraspecific cooperation among unrelated individuals: reciprocity, byproduct mutualism, and group selection. In each case, I attempt to delineate the theory underlying each of these paths and then provide examples from the empirical literature. In addition, I shall briefly touch upon some recent work that has attempted to examine (or re-examine) the role of cognition and phylogeny in the study of cooperative behavior. While empirical and theoretical work has made significant strides in the name of better understanding the evolution and maintenance of cooperative behavior in animals, much work remains for the future. “From the point of view of the moralist, the animal world is on about the same level as the gladiator's show. The creatures are fairly well treated, and set to fight; whereby the strongest, the swiftest and the cunningest live to fight another day. The spectator has no need to turn his thumb down, as no quarter is given em leader the weakest and the stupidest went to the wall, while the toughest and the shrewdest, those who were best fitted to cope with their circumstances, but not the best in any other way, survived. Life was a continuous free fight, and em leader a war of each against all was the normal state of existence.” (Huxley 1888) |
|
|
Address |
Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA. lee.dugatkin@louisville.edu |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0028-1042 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:12536274 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number ![sorted by Call Number field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2797 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Milgram, N.W.; Head, E.; Muggenburg, B.; Holowachuk, D.; Murphey, H.; Estrada, J.; Ikeda-Douglas, C.J.; Zicker, S.C.; Cotman, C.W. |
|
|
Title |
Landmark discrimination learning in the dog: effects of age, an antioxidant fortified food, and cognitive strategy |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews |
Abbreviated Journal |
Neurosci Biobehav Rev |
|
|
Volume |
26 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
679-695 |
|
|
Keywords |
Age Factors; Aging/*physiology; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Antioxidants/*pharmacology; Blood Chemical Analysis/methods; Cognition/*physiology; *Diet; Discrimination Learning/*drug effects/*physiology; Distance Perception/drug effects/physiology; Dogs/physiology; Female; Male; Psychomotor Performance/physiology; Retention (Psychology)/drug effects/physiology; Spatial Behavior/*drug effects/*physiology; Task Performance and Analysis; Time Factors; Vitamin E/blood |
|
|
Abstract |
The landmark discrimination learning test can be used to assess the ability to utilize allocentric spatial information to locate targets. The present experiments examined the role of various factors on performance of a landmark discrimination learning task in beagle dogs. Experiments 1 and 2 looked at the effects of age and food composition. Experiments 3 and 4 were aimed at characterizing the cognitive strategies used in performance on this task and in long-term retention. Cognitively equivalent groups of old and young dogs were placed into either a test group maintained on food enriched with a broad-spectrum of antioxidants and mitochondrial cofactors, or a control group maintained on a complete and balanced food formulated for adult dogs. Following a wash-in period, the dogs were tested on a series of problems, in which reward was obtained when the animal responded selectively to the object closest to a thin wooden block, which served as a landmark. In Experiment 1, dogs were first trained to respond to a landmark placed directly on top of coaster, landmark 0 (L0). In the next phase of testing, the landmark was moved at successively greater distances (1, 4 or 10 cm) away from the reward object. Learning varied as a function of age group, food group, and task. The young dogs learned all of the tasks more quickly than the old dogs. The aged dogs on the enriched food learned L0 significantly more rapidly than aged dogs on control food. A higher proportion of dogs on the enriched food learned the task, when the distance was increased to 1cm. Experiment 2 showed that accuracy decreased with increased distance between the reward object and landmark, and this effect was greater in old animals. Experiment 3 showed stability of performance, despite using a novel landmark, and new locations, indicating that dogs learned the landmark concept. Experiment 4 found age impaired long-term retention of the landmark task. These results indicate that allocentric spatial learning is impaired in an age-dependent manner in dogs, and that age also affects performance when the distance between the landmark and target is increased. In addition, these results both support a role of oxidative damage in the development of age-associated cognitive dysfunction and indicate that short-term administration of a food enriched with supplemental antioxidants and mitochondrial cofactors can partially reverse the deleterious effects of aging on cognition. |
|
|
Address |
Life Science Division, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ont., Canada M1C 1A4. milgram@psych.utoronto.ca |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0149-7634 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:12479842 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number ![sorted by Call Number field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2806 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Doligez, B.; Danchin, E.; Clobert, J. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
|
|
Title |
Public information and breeding habitat selection in a wild bird population |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
|
|
Volume |
297 |
Issue |
5584 |
Pages |
1168-1170 |
|
|
Keywords |
*Animal Migration; Animals; Animals, Wild/physiology; *Behavior, Animal; Cognition; Cues; *Environment; Female; Male; *Nesting Behavior; Probability; *Reproduction; Songbirds/*physiology; Sweden |
|
|
Abstract |
According to the “public information” hypothesis, some animal species may monitor the current reproductive success of conspecifics to assess local habitat quality and to choose their own subsequent breeding site. To test this hypothesis experimentally, we manipulated two components of public information, the mean number of offspring raised locally (“quantity”) and their condition (“quality”), in the collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis. Immigration rate decreased with local offspring quantity but did not depend on local offspring quality, suggesting that immigrants are deprived of information regarding local quality. Conversely, emigration rate increased both when local offspring quantity or quality decreased, suggesting that residents can use both components of public information. |
|
|
Address |
Laboratoire d'Ecologie CNRS-UMR 7625, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, 7 quai Saint Bernard, Batiment A 7eme etage, Case 237, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France. blandine.doligez@esh.unibe.ch |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
1095-9203 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:12183627 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number ![sorted by Call Number field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2841 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Weir, A.A.S.; Chappell, J.; Kacelnik, A. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
|
|
Title |
Shaping of hooks in New Caledonian crows |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
|
|
Volume |
297 |
Issue |
5583 |
Pages |
981 |
|
|
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; Female; Male; Songbirds/*physiology |
|
|
Abstract |
|
|
|
Address |
Department of Zoology, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
1095-9203 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:12169726 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number ![sorted by Call Number field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2842 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Bracke, M.B.M.; Spruijt, B.M.; Metz, J.H.M.; Schouten, W.G.P. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
|
|
Title |
Decision support system for overall welfare assessment in pregnant sows A: Model structure and weighting procedure |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
|
|
Volume |
80 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
1819-1834 |
|
|
Keywords |
|
|
|
Abstract |
The problem of how to objectively assess the overall welfare status of animals under farming conditions has contributed to an ongoing debate that has hampered actual decision making on animal welfare. For this reason we constructed a model based on the assumed hierarchical organization of the animals' needs for overall welfare assessment in the case of pregnant sows. This model is implemented in a computer-based decision support system that takes a description of a housing and management system as input and produces a welfare score as output. A formalized procedure was used to construct the model for welfare assessment in pregnant sows on the basis of available scientific knowledge. This SOWEL (from SOw WELfare) model contains 37 attributes that describe the welfare-relevant properties of housing and management systems. In the decision support system these attributes are linked to scientific statements and a list of needs to provide a scientific basis for welfare assessment. Weighting factors that represent the relative importance of the attributes are derived from the scientific statements about the various welfare performance criteria that have been measured by scientists. The welfare score is calculated as the weighted average score. All information in the decision support system is stored in tables in a relational database such that newly available knowledge and insights can be incorporated to refine the model. The model has been developed in line with several existing models but it differs from these models in that it is the first to provide a formalized procedure to explicate the reasoning steps involved in welfare assessment based on available scientific knowledge. N1 - |
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number ![sorted by Call Number field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2943 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Bugnyar, T.; Kotrschal, K. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
|
|
Title |
Observational learning and the raiding of food caches in ravens, Corvus corax: is it `tactical' deception? |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
|
|
Volume |
64 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
185-195 |
|
|
Keywords |
|
|
|
Abstract |
Group-foraging ravens scatter-hoard when they are competing for food and, to some extent, also raid the caches made by others. We investigated the effects of observational spatial memory on individual caching and raiding tactics. With captive ravens, we found visual observation was essential for locating and raiding the caches of conspecifics. Both captive and free-ranging ravens, food cachers as well as potential cache raiders, responded to each other's presence. Cachers withdrew from conspecifics and most often placed their caches behind structures, obstructing the view of potential observers. Raiders watched inconspicuously and kept at a distance to cachers close to their cache sites. In response to the presence of potential raiders or because of their initial movements towards caches, the cachers frequently interrupted caching, changed cache sites, or recovered their food items. These results suggest that ravens, regardless of whether they act as cachers or raiders, are capable of withholding information about their intentions and, hence, manipulate the other bird's attention either to prevent or to achieve social-learning opportunities. Such interactions may qualify as `tactical' deception and may have created a considerable pressure selecting for social cognition in ravens. Copyright 2002 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. |
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number ![sorted by Call Number field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2904 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Appleby, M. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
|
|
Title |
Consciousness, Cognition and Animal Welfare: J.K. Kirkwood, R.C. Hubrecht, S. Wickens, H. O'Leary, S. Oakley (Eds.), Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, 2001, 251 pp., Paperback, Supplement to Volume 10 of Animal Welfare, [pound sign]15/US$ 30, ISSN 0962-7286 |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
|
|
Volume |
77 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
239-241 |
|
|
Keywords |
|
|
|
Abstract |
|
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number ![sorted by Call Number field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2905 |
|
Permanent link to this record |