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Author Guo, G.L.; Moffit, J.S.; Nicol, C.J.; Ward, J.M.; Aleksunes, L.A.; Slitt, A.L.; Kliewer, S.A.; Manautou, J.E.; Gonzalez, F.J. doi  openurl
  Title Enhanced acetaminophen toxicity by activation of the pregnane X receptor Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology Abbreviated Journal Toxicol Sci  
  Volume 82 Issue 2 Pages 374-380  
  Keywords Acetaminophen/pharmacokinetics/*toxicity; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/pharmacokinetics/*toxicity; Animals; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases/biosynthesis; Biotransformation; Blotting, Northern; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; Membrane Proteins; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating/biosynthesis; Pregnenolone Carbonitrile/pharmacology; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/*drug effects; Receptors, Steroid/*drug effects; Sulfhydryl Compounds/metabolism  
  Abstract The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor and member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Activation of PXR represents an important mechanism for the induction of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) enzymes that can convert acetaminophen (APAP) to its toxic intermediate metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). Therefore, it was hypothesized that activation of PXR plays a major role in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Pretreatment with the PXR activator, pregnenolone 16alpha-carbonitrile (PCN), markedly enhanced APAP-induced hepatic injury, as revealed by increased serum ALT levels and hepatic centrilobular necrosis, in wild-type but not in PXR-null mice. Further analysis showed that following PCN treatment, PXR-null mice had lower CYP3A11 expression, decreased NAPQI formation, and increased maintenance of hepatic glutathione content compared to wild-type mice. Thus, these results suggest that PXR plays a critical role in APAP-induced hepatic toxicity, probably by inducing CYP3A11 expression and hence increasing bioactivation.  
  Address Laboratory of Metabolism, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1096-6080 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:15456926 Approved no  
  Call Number (down) refbase @ user @ Serial 71  
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Author Alexander, F.; Collett, R.A. openurl 
  Title Proceedings: Some observations on the pharmacokinetics of trimethoprim in the horse Type Journal Article
  Year 1974 Publication British journal of pharmacology Abbreviated Journal Br J Pharmacol  
  Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages 142p  
  Keywords Animals; Half-Life; Horses/*metabolism; Kinetics; Trimethoprim/*metabolism  
  Abstract  
  Address  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0007-1188 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:4451793 Approved no  
  Call Number (down) refbase @ user @ Serial 112  
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Author Pierce, M.M.; Nall, B.T. doi  openurl
  Title Coupled kinetic traps in cytochrome c folding: His-heme misligation and proline isomerization Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Journal of Molecular Biology Abbreviated Journal J Mol Biol  
  Volume 298 Issue 5 Pages 955-969  
  Keywords Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution/genetics; Binding Sites; Cytochrome c Group/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism; *Cytochromes c; Enzyme Stability/drug effects; Fluorescence; Guanidine/pharmacology; Heme/*metabolism; Histidine/genetics/*metabolism; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isomerism; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation/genetics; Proline/*chemistry/metabolism; Protein Conformation/drug effects; Protein Denaturation/drug effects; *Protein Folding; Protein Renaturation; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology/genetics; Sequence Alignment; Thermodynamics  
  Abstract The effect of His-heme misligation on folding has been investigated for a triple mutant of yeast iso-2 cytochrome c (N26H,H33N,H39K iso-2). The variant contains a single misligating His residue at position 26, a location at which His residues are found in several cytochrome c homologues, including horse, tuna, and yeast iso-1. The amplitude for fast phase folding exhibits a strong initial pH dependence. For GdnHCl unfolded protein at an initial pH<5, the observed refolding at final pH 6 is dominated by a fast phase (tau(2f)=20 ms, alpha(2f)=90 %) that represents folding in the absence of misligation. For unfolded protein at initial pH 6, folding at final pH 6 occurs in a fast phase of reduced amplitude (alpha(2f) approximately 20 %) but the same rate (tau(2f)=20 ms), and in two slower phases (tau(m)=6-8 seconds, alpha(m) approximately 45 %; and tau(1b)=16-20 seconds, alpha(1b) approximately 35 %). Double jump experiments show that the initial pH dependence of the folding amplitudes results from a slow pH-dependent equilibrium between fast and slow folding species present in the unfolded protein. The slow equilibrium arises from coupling of the His protonation equilibrium to His-heme misligation and proline isomerization. Specifically, Pro25 is predominantly in trans in the unligated low-pH unfolded protein, but is constrained in a non-native cis isomerization state by His26-heme misligation near neutral pH. Refolding from the misligated unfolded form proceeds slowly due to the large energetic barrier required for proline isomerization and displacement of the misligated His26-heme ligand.  
  Address Center for Biomolecular Structure, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0022-2836 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:10801361 Approved no  
  Call Number (down) refbase @ user @ Serial 3853  
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Author Saigo, S. openurl 
  Title Kinetic and equilibrium studies of alkaline isomerization of vertebrate cytochromes c Type Journal Article
  Year 1981 Publication Biochimica et Biophysica Acta Abbreviated Journal Biochim Biophys Acta  
  Volume 669 Issue 1 Pages 13-20  
  Keywords Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cytochrome c Group/*metabolism; Dogs; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isomerism; Kinetics; Vertebrates/metabolism  
  Abstract Equilibria and kinetics of alkaline isomerization of seven ferricytochromes c from vertebrates were studied by pH-titration and pH-jump methods in the pH region of 7-12. In the equilibrium behavior, no significant difference was detected among the cytochromes c, whereas marked differences in the kinetic behavior were observed. According to the kinetic behavior of the isomerization, the cytochromes c examined fall into three classes: Group I (horse, sheep, dog and pigeon cytochromes c), Group II (tuna and bonito cytochromes c) and Group III (rhesus monkey cytochrome c). The kinetic results are interpreted in terms of the sequential scheme: Neutral form in equilibrium with fast Transient form in equilibrium with slow Alkaline form where the neutral and alkaline forms are the species stable at neutral and alkaline pH, respectively, and the transient form is a kinetic intermediate. From comparison of the primary sequences of the seven cytochromes c and the classification of these cytochromes c, it is concluded that the amino acid substitution Phe/Tyr at the 46-th position has a major influence on the kinetic behavior. In Group II and III cytochromes c, the ionization of Tyr-46 is suggested to bring about loosening of the heme crevice and thus facilitate the ligand replacement involved in the isomerization.  
  Address  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0006-3002 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:6271238 Approved no  
  Call Number (down) refbase @ user @ Serial 3871  
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Author Hasumi, H. openurl 
  Title Kinetic studies on isomerization of ferricytochrome c in alkaline and acid pH ranges by the circular dichroism stopped-flow method Type Journal Article
  Year 1980 Publication Biochimica et Biophysica Acta Abbreviated Journal Biochim Biophys Acta  
  Volume 626 Issue 2 Pages 265-276  
  Keywords Circular Dichroism; *Cytochrome c Group; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isomerism; Kinetics; Spectrophotometry  
  Abstract The isomerization of horse-heart ferricytochrome c caused by varying pH was kinetically studied by using circular dichroism (CD) and optical absorption stopped-flow techniques. In the pH range of 7--13, the existence of the three different forms of ferricytochrome c (pH less than 10, pH 10--12, and pH greater than 12) was indicated from the statistical difference CD spectra. On the basis of analyses of the stopped-flow traces in the near-ultraviolet and Soret wavelength regions, the isomerization of ferricytochrome c from neutral form to the above three alkaline forms was interpreted as follows (1) below pH 10, the replacement of the intrinsic ligand of methionine residue by lysine residue occurs; (2) between pH 10 and 12, the uncoupling of the polypeptide chain from close proximity of the heme group occurs first, followed by the interconversion of the intrinsic ligands; and (3) above pH 12, hydroxide form of ferricytochrome c is formed, though the replacement of the intrinsic ligand by extrinsic ligands may occur via different routes from those below pH 12. The CD changes at 288 nm and in the Soret region caused by the pH-jump (down) from pH 6.0 to 1.6 were compared with the appearance of the 620-nm absorption band ascribed to the formation of the high-spin form of ferricytochrome c. Both CD and absorption changes indicated that the isomerization at pH 1.6 consisted of two processes: one proceeded within the dead-time (about 2 ms) of the stopped-flow apparatus and the other proceeded at a determinable rate with the apparatus. On the basis of these results, the isomerization of ferricytochrome c at pH 1.6 was explained as follows: (1) the transition from the low-spin form to the high-spin forms occurs within about 2 ms, the dead-time of the stopped-flow apparatus; and (2) the polypeptide chain is unfolded after the formation of the high-spin form.  
  Address  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0006-3002 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:6260152 Approved no  
  Call Number (down) refbase @ user @ Serial 3876  
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Author Wilson, M.T.; Silvestrini, M.C.; Morpurgo, L.; Brunori, M. openurl 
  Title Electron transfer kinetics between Rhus vernicifera stellacyanin and cytochrome c (horse heart cytochrome c and Pseudomonas cytochrome c551) Type Journal Article
  Year 1979 Publication Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry Abbreviated Journal J Inorg Biochem  
  Volume 11 Issue 2 Pages 95-100  
  Keywords Animals; Copper; Cytochrome c Group/*metabolism; Electron Transport; Kinetics; Metalloproteins/*metabolism; Plant Proteins/*metabolism; *Plants, Toxic; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/*metabolism; Toxicodendron/*metabolism  
  Abstract The electron transfer reactions between Rhus vernicifera stellacyanin and either horse heart cytochrome c or Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytochrome c551 were investigated by rapid reaction techniques. The time course of electron transfer is monophasic under all conditions, and thus consistent with a simple formulation of the reaction. Both stopped-flow and temperature-jump experiments yield equilibrium constants in reasonable agreement with values calculated from the redox potentials. The differences in reaction rate between the two cytochromes and stellacyanin are discussed in terms of the Marcus theory.  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0162-0134 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:228006 Approved no  
  Call Number (down) refbase @ user @ Serial 3879  
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Author Czerlinski, G.H.; Wagner, M.; Erickson, J.O.; Theorell, H. openurl 
  Title Chemical relaxation studies on the system liver alcohol dehydrogenase, NADH and imidazole Type Journal Article
  Year 1975 Publication Acta Chemica Scandinavica. Series B: Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Abbreviated Journal Acta Chem Scand B  
  Volume 29 Issue 8 Pages 797-810  
  Keywords Alcohol Oxidoreductases/*metabolism; Animals; Computers; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Imidazoles/*metabolism; Kinetics; Liver/enzymology/*metabolism; Mathematics; Models, Chemical; NAD/*metabolism; Time Factors  
  Abstract Several years ago, Theorell and Czerlinski conducted experiments on the system of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and imidazole, using the first version of the temperature jump apparatus with detection of changes in fluorescence. These early experiments were repeated with improved instrumentation and confirmed the early experiments in general terms. However, the improved detection system allowed to measure a slight concentration dependence of the relaxation time of around 3 ms. Furthermore, the chemical relaxation time was smaller than the one determined earlier (by factor 2). The data were evaluated much more rigorously than before, allowing an appropriate interpretation of the results. The observed relaxation time is largely due to rate constants in an interconversion of ternary complexes, which are faster than three (of the four) dissociation rate constants, determined previously by Theorell and McKinley-McKee.1,2 This fact contributed to earlier difficulties of finding any concentration dependence. However, the binding of imidazole to the binary enzyme-coenzyme complex can be made to couple kinetically into the interconversion rate of the two ternary complexes. The observed signal derives largely from the ternary complex(es). A substantial fluorescence signal change is associated with the observed relaxation process, suggesting a relocation of the imidazole in reference to the nicotinamide moiety of the bound coenzyme. Nine models are considered with two types of coupling of pre-equilibria (none-all). Quantitative evaluations favor the model with two ternary complexes connected by an interconversion outside the four-step (bimolecular) cycle. The ternary complex outside the cycle has much higher fluorescence yield than the one inside. The interconversion equilibrium is near unity for imidazole. If it would be shifted very much to the side of the “dead-end” complex (as in isobutyramide?!), stimulating action could not take place.  
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  ISSN 0302-4369 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:882 Approved no  
  Call Number (down) refbase @ user @ Serial 3887  
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Author Cho, K.C.; Chan, K.K. url  openurl
  Title Kinetics of cold-induced denaturation of metmyoglobin Type Journal Article
  Year 1984 Publication Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) – Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 786 Issue 1-2 Pages 103-108  
  Keywords Metmyoglobin denaturation; Temperature jump; Denaturation kinetics; Conformational transformation; (Horse heart)  
  Abstract Using a slow temperature-jump spectrophotometer, we have studied the kinetics of cold-induced denaturation of metmyoglobin between 0[degree sign]C and 20[degree sign]C at acidic pH. The time-scale of the transition is slow and is of the order of minutes. The results are consistent with the transition's involving a total of three states, native (N), transient intermediate (I) and denatured (D), which are converted from one to the other in that order.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (down) refbase @ user @ Serial 3978  
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Author Sukhomlinov, B.F.; Korobov, V.N.; Gonchar, M.V.; Datsiuk, L.A.; Korzhev, V.A. openurl 
  Title [Comparative analysis of the peroxidase activity of myoglobins in mammals] Type Journal Article
  Year 1987 Publication Zhurnal Evoliutsionnoi Biokhimii i Fiziologii Abbreviated Journal Zh Evol Biokhim Fiziol  
  Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 37-41  
  Keywords Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Ecology; *Evolution; Kinetics; Mammals/*metabolism; Myoglobin/*metabolism; Peroxidases/*metabolism  
  Abstract Studies have been made on the peroxidase activity of metmyoglobins in animals from various ecological groups--the horse Equus caballus, cattle Bos taurus, beaver Castor fiber, otter Lutra lutra, mink Mustela vison and dog Canis familiaris. It was found that the level of this activity in diving animals depends on the duration of their diving, whereas in terrestrial species--on the strength of muscular contraction.  
  Address  
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  Language Russian Summary Language Original Title Sravnitel'nyi analiz peroksidaznoi aktivnosti mioglobinov u mlekopitaiushchikh  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0044-4529 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:3564776 Approved no  
  Call Number (down) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2681  
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Author Bykov, S.; Lednev, I.; Ianoul, A.; Mikhonin, A.; Munro, C.; Asher, S.A. doi  openurl
  Title Steady-state and transient ultraviolet resonance Raman spectrometer for the 193-270 nm spectral region Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Applied Spectroscopy Abbreviated Journal Appl Spectrosc  
  Volume 59 Issue 12 Pages 1541-1552  
  Keywords Animals; Equipment Design; Equipment Failure Analysis; Horses; Kinetics; Metmyoglobin/*analysis; Myocardium/*metabolism; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet/*instrumentation/methods; Spectrum Analysis, Raman/*instrumentation/methods  
  Abstract We describe a state-of-the-art tunable ultraviolet (UV) Raman spectrometer for the 193-270 nm spectral region. This instrument allows for steady-state and transient UV Raman measurements. We utilize a 5 kHz Ti-sapphire continuously tunable laser (approximately 20 ns pulse width) between 193 nm and 240 nm for steady-state measurements. For transient Raman measurements we utilize one Coherent Infinity YAG laser to generate nanosecond infrared (IR) pump laser pulses to generate a temperature jump (T-jump) and a second Coherent Infinity YAG laser that is frequency tripled and Raman shifted into the deep UV (204 nm) for transient UV Raman excitation. Numerous other UV excitation frequencies can be utilized for selective excitation of chromophoric groups for transient Raman measurements. We constructed a subtractive dispersion double monochromator to minimize stray light. We utilize a new charge-coupled device (CCD) camera that responds efficiently to UV light, as opposed to the previous CCD and photodiode detectors, which required intensifiers for detecting UV light. For the T-jump measurements we use a second camera to simultaneously acquire the Raman spectra of the water stretching bands (2500-4000 cm(-1)) whose band-shape and frequency report the sample temperature.  
  Address Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA  
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  ISSN 0003-7028 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:16390595 Approved no  
  Call Number (down) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3767  
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