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Author (up) Bateson, M.; Kacelnik, A.
Title Accuracy of memory for amount in the foraging starling,Sturnus vulgaris Type Journal Article
Year 1995 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 431-443
Keywords
Abstract Attempts to include psychological constraints in models of foraging behaviour differ in their assumptions concerning the accuracy of estimation of environmental parameters. Psychologists model estimation error as increasing linearly with the magnitude of a stimulus (Weber's Law), whereas behavioural ecologists either ignore error or assume it to be independent of stimulus magnitude. Studies on the estimation of time intervals have confirmed Weber's Law, but there are few data on the accuracy of estimation of amounts of food. Since the currency of most foraging models is the amount of food acquired per unit of time spent foraging, information on estimation of amount is required. Here, a titration method was used in which starlings chose between two cues. One colour signalled a standard food reward, and the other a reward that adjusted in magnitude according to the birds' choices: it increased when the standard was preferred and decreased when the adjusting option was preferred. There were two standards of 3 and 9 units of food, each of which was delivered at two rates to control for possible effects of rate of reinforcement on discrimination. The observed value of the adjusting option oscillated around a mean value slightly larger than that of the standard. The amplitude and period of these oscillations were larger when the standard was larger, independent of the rate of reinforcement. Also, molecular analysis showed that the probability of choosing the currently larger alternative increased as the relative difference between the adjusting option and standard increased. These results are consistent with Weber's Law applying to starlings' memories for amounts of food.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2110
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Author (up) Bateson, P.
Title Play, playfulness, creativity and innovation. Type Journal Article
Year 2014 Publication Animal Behavior and Cognition Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav. Cogn.
Volume 1 Issue 2 Pages 99-112
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Abstract
Address
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6553
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Author (up) Batt, L.S.; Batt, M.S.; Baguley, J.A.; McGreevy, P.D.
Title The relationships between motor lateralization, salivary cortisol concentrations and behavior in dogs Type Journal Article
Year 2009 Publication Journal of Veterinary Behaviour Abbreviated Journal
Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages 216-222
Keywords Dog; temperament; motor lateralization; cortisol; behavior; cortisol EIA
Abstract The degree of lateralization (LI) indicates both the direction and strength of a paw preference. Here, a positive value is indicative of a right paw bias, and a negative value of a left paw bias. Higher numbers on the positive side of the scale and lower numbers on the negative side of the scale indicate a greater strength of that lateralization. The strength of motor lateralization (|LI|) is the absolute value of the LI. The use of absolute value removes directionality (i.e., does not indicate left or right paw bias) and instead indicates only the strength of the paw preference. Both LI and |LI| have been associated with behavioral differences in a range of species. The assessment of motor lateralization in the dog can be conducted by observing the paw used to perform motor tasks. Elevated cortisol concentrations have been associated with fearfulness in many species. Additionally, fearfulness and boldness can be assessed in response to so-called temperament tests. Consequently, in this study we examine the relationship between lateralization, temperament test results, and cortisol concentrations in 43 potential guide dogs, of which 38 were Labrador retrievers and 5 were golden retrievers. Over a 14-month period, the current study assessed motor lateralization and salivary cortisol concentrations 3 times (approximately 6 months of age, 14 months of age, and after the dogs' performance in the guide dog program had been determined) and behavior twice (approximately 6 and 14 months of age). This study is the first to examine the relationship between behavior, lateralization, and cortisol concentrations in dogs. It implemented an objective and quantifiable assessment of behavior that may be of use to a variety of dog-focused stakeholders. Findings show that during the Juvenile testing period (6 months of age), dogs with higher cortisol concentrations were typically less able to rest when exposed to the unfamiliar testing room. Results from both Juvenile and Adult Test (14 months of age) periods showed that a greater |LI| and LI were associated with more confident and relaxed behavior when dogs were exposed to novel stimuli and unfamiliar environments. Significant elevations of cortisol concentrations were found at the completion of guide dog training when compared with results from the 2 prior test periods. This finding may reflect maturation or the effect of the prolonged kenneling which occurred during this period.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1558-7878 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ S1558-7878(09)00017-3 Serial 5383
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Author (up) Battista E.
Title Il Pony di Esperia Type Book Whole
Year 2009 Publication Il Pony di Esperia Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
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Abstract
Address
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Publisher ciociariaturismo Place of Publication Ciociaria Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5438
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Author (up) Baudry, L.; Leroy, D.; Chollet, D.
Title The effect of combined self- and expert-modelling on the performance of the double leg circle on the pommel horse Type
Year 2006 Publication Journal of Sports Sciences Abbreviated Journal J Sports Sci
Volume 24 Issue 10 Pages 1055-1063
Keywords Adolescent; Analysis of Variance; Child; *Expert Testimony; Feedback; Gymnastics/*physiology; Humans; *Leg/physiology; Movement/physiology; Physical Education and Training; Posture/physiology; Range of Motion, Articular/physiology; Retention (Psychology); *Video Recording
Abstract In this study, we investigated whether video modelling can enhance gymnasts' performance of the circle on a pommel horse. The procedure associated expert-modelling with self-modelling and quantitative performance analysis. Sixteen gymnasts were randomly assigned to one of two groups: (1) a modelling group, which received expert- and self-modelling, and performance feedback, or (2) a control group, which received no feedback. After five sessions of training, an analysis of variance with repeated measures indicated that the gains in the back, entry, front, and exit phases of the circle were greater for the modelling group than for the control group. During the training sessions, the gymnasts in the modelling group improved their body segmental alignment during the back phase more quickly than during the other phases. As predicted, although both groups performed the same number of circles (300 in 5 days, with 10 sequences of 6 circles), the modelling group improved their body segmental alignment more than the control group. It thus appears that immediate video modelling can help to correct complex sports movements such as the circle performed on the pommel horse. However, its effectiveness seemed to be dependent on the complexity of the phase.
Address CETAPS Laboratory, UPRES EA 3832, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Rouen University, Mont-Saint Aignan, France. ludovic_baudry@yahoo.fr
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0264-0414 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:17115520 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4026
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Author (up) Bauer, G.B.
Title Research Training for Releasable Animals Type Journal Article
Year 2005 Publication Conservation Biology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 19 Issue Pages 1779-1789
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Abstract
Address
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3507
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Author (up) Bauer, I. E.; McMorrow, J. Yalden,; D. W.
Title The Historic Ranges of Three Equid Species in North-East Africa: A Quantitative Comparison of Environmental Tolerances Type Journal Article
Year 1994 Publication Journal of Biogeography Abbreviated Journal J Biogeogr
Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages 169-182
Keywords
Abstract The historic ranges of three equid species native to north-east Africa are analysed with respect to annual rainfall, several temperature parameters and a satellite-derived multispectral index of primary productivity. Equus africanus Fitzinger, Equus grevyi Oustalet and Equus burchelli Gray used to largely replace each other, geographically, with narrow zones of range overlap occurring between E. africanus and E. grevyi in the Awash valley, and between E. grevyi and E. burchelli in southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya. The three species are shown to succeed each other along an environmental gradient. The position of each species on this gradient and the resulting location and extent of its range are discussed. Competitive exclusion, specific adaptations and historic events are likely determinants of equid distribution. In the area of sympatry between E. grevyi and E. burchelli, mixed habitat characters as well as environmental fluctuations seem to prevent either species from excluding the other. Different social organizations of E. grevyi and E. burchelli and the resulting migratory patterns may be adaptations to the environment in their allopatric ranges; in their sympatric range they could alleviate competition.
Address
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2222
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Author (up) Baum, M.J.
Title Mammalian animal models of psychosexual differentiation: when is 'translation' to the human situation possible? Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Hormones and Behavior Abbreviated Journal Horm Behav
Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 579-588
Keywords Animals; Estradiol/*physiology; Female; *Gender Identity; Humans; Hypothalamus/anatomy & histology/physiology; Male; Models, Animal; Sexual Behavior/physiology/psychology; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Testosterone/*physiology
Abstract Clinical investigators have been forced primarily to use experiments of nature (e.g., cloacal exstrophy; androgen insensitivity, congenital adrenal hyperplasia) to assess the contribution of fetal sex hormone exposure to the development of male- and female-typical profiles of gender identity and role behavior as well as sexual orientation. In this review, I summarize the results of numerous correlative as well as mechanistic animal experiments that shed significant light on general neuroendocrine mechanisms controlling the differentiation of neural circuits controlling sexual partner preference (sexual orientation) in mammalian species including man. I also argue, however, that results of animal studies can, at best, provide only indirect insights into the neuroendocrine determinants of human gender identity and role behaviors.
Address Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Sreet, Boston, MA 02215, USA. baum@bu.edu
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0018-506X ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:16876166 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4190
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Author (up) Baumgartner M.
Title Liegeverhalten von Pferden im Offenlaufstall auf unterschiedlichen Bodenmaterialien (Gummimatten, Späne und Sand) [Recumbency patterns of horses stabled in group housing systems on different bedding materials (rubber mats, shavings and sand)] Type Manuscript
Year 2012 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords
Abstract Die angemessenste Art ein Pferd als soziales Wesen unter menschlicher Obhut zu halten, ist in der Gruppe mit Seinesgleichen. Dabei gilt der Offenlaufstall mit getrennten Funktionsbereichen (Mehrraum-Außenlaufstall mit Auslauf) als die tiergerechteste Haltungsform für Pferde (BMELV, 2009). Aus Gründen der Arbeits- und Kostenersparnis sowie zur Reduzierung der Keim- und Staubbelastung werden in jüngster Zeit vermehrt Gummimatten als Einstreuersatz in Liegehallen von Offenlaufställen eingesetzt.

In vorliegender Arbeit sollte überprüft werden, ob Gummimatten (7,5 cm hoch, schaumstoffgefüllt; HIT-Softbed plus®) in Kombination mit minimaler Späneeinstreu als Liegeunterlage in Liegehallen von Offenlaufställen als tiergerecht beurteilt werden können. Darüber hinaus galt es zu klären, ob die Klimaverhältnisse in den Liegehallen trotz nicht saugfähiger Gummiunterlage den hygienischen Anforderungen des BMELVs (2009) an das Stallklima entsprechen. Dazu wurde das Liegeverhalten von einer repräsentativen Anzahl von 56 Pferden in einem Offenlaufstall mit getrennten Funktionsbereichen an jeweils 6 Tagen je Jahreszeit (Frühling, Sommer, Herbst, Winter) mittels kontinuierlicher Videoaufzeichnungen (n= 24 Tage) und zusätzlichen visuellen Direkt-beobachtungen (n= 60 Std) erfasst. Die Pferde hatten zum Liegen die Wahl zwischen folgenden drei Arealen: drei identisch ausgestatteten, jedoch unterschiedlich großen Liegehallen (mittig Gummimatten; Randbereich Späneeinstreu), einem Unterstand (Sand), sowie einem Sandplatz. Die Größe der Liegefläche in den drei Liegehallen (LH I 172 m², LH II und III jeweils 143 m²) entsprach den Anforderungen des BMELVs (2009). Unterstand und Sandplatz konnten zusätzlich von den Pferden zum Ruhen im Liegen genutzt werden. Ergänzend wurden folgende Einflussfaktoren auf das Liegeverhalten der Pferde erfasst: Tageszeit, Jahreszeit und Witterung sowie Alter, Stockmaß, Gewicht, „Body Condition Score“ und Rangordnung.

Durchschnittlich ruhten lediglich 35,2 der 52,3 in der Anlage befindlichen Pferde (67,3%) pro Beobachtungstag im Liegen in den Arealen. Demzufolge nahmen

Zusammenfassung 213

viele Pferde nicht jede Nacht eine Liegeposition ein. Die Hauptliegezeit mit 72% der erfassten Liegephasen war zwischen 0 und 6 Uhr. Bezogen auf die vorhandene Liegefläche je Areal ergab sich lediglich eine 50%ige Maximalauslastung an gleichzeitig liegenden Pferden.

Die Liegephasendauer variierte -unabhängig vom Areal- signifikant zwischen den Pferden (p=0,028) und darüber hinaus auch je Pferd (p<0,001). Die durchschnittliche Dauer pro Liegephase war mit 28,8 ± 0,5 (SEM) min signifikant länger in den Liegehallen (I, II und III), als im Unterstand mit 24,6 ± 0,9 min und auf dem Sandplatz mit 20,0 ± 1,9 min (p<0,001).

Die mittlere tägliche Gesamtliegedauer eines Pferdes betrug 91 ± 2,7 min in den Liegehallen (I, II und III), 43 ± 2,3 min im Unterstand und 27 ± 2,9 min auf dem Sandplatz (p<0,001). In den Liegehallen legte sich ein Pferd im Mittel 3,2 Mal am Tag ab, im Unterstand lediglich 1,7 und auf dem Sandplatz 1,3 Mal (p<0,001). 79% der registrierten Liegephasen (n= 2410) fanden darüber hinaus in den Liegehallen (I, II und III) statt, was deren zentrale Bedeutung als Liegebereich hervorhebt.

In der größeren Liegehalle I ruhten eine größere Anzahl an unterschiedlichen Pferden häufiger (p<0,0002) und länger (p<0,0005) pro Tag im Liegen als in den beiden etwas kleineren Liegehallen II und III.

Die tägliche Gesamtliegedauer pro Pferd war mit aufgestütztem Kopf mit 54,8 ± 1,6 Minuten länger als ohne aufgestützten Kopf mit 45,2 ± 1,8 min. In Seitenlage wurde im Durchschnitt pro Tag und Pferd 27,5 ± 1,1 min geruht (p<0,001). Diese Ruheposition wurde in den Liegehallen signifikant häufiger eingenommen, als auf dem Sandplatz oder im Unterstand (p<0,001).

Die tägliche mittlere Gesamtliegedauer pro Pferd auf Späne war mit 74,3 ± 2,9 min gegenüber 62,4 ± 2,3 min auf Gummimatten signifikant länger (p=0,005). Ebenso fanden in Relation zum Flächenangebot in den Liegehallen geringfügig mehr Liegephasen auf dem Späne-Bereich als auf den Gummimatten statt. Ebenfalls in Flächenrelation wurde der offen gestaltete Unterstand deutlich vor den anderen Arealen zum Ruhen im Liegen von den Pferden präferiert. Es sei deshalb auf die Bedeutung eines Unterstandes als zusätzliche Liegefläche in Offenlaufstallhaltung hingewiesen.

Die meisten Liegephasen und auch die längsten täglichen Liegezeiten fanden in den warmen Monaten statt (p=0,013). Im Winter flachte das Ruhen im Liegen

deutlich ab und verlagerte sich bei unter -10°C nahezu ausschließlich auf die Liegehallen (p=0,001).

Der leichte Späne-Überzug und der positive Effekt der bereits integrierten und die Gummimatten zum Liegen nutzenden Pferde waren mögliche Gründe dafür, dass die Neuankömmlinge ohne Gummimatten-Vorerfahrung (n= 10 Pferde &#8804; 6 Monate in der Anlage) kein vermindertes Liegeverhalten im Vergleich zur bestehenden Herde (n= 46 Pferde; mind. 1 bis max. 3 J. in der Anlage) aufwiesen.

Die Rangordnung wurde mittels modifiziertem „Average Dominance Index“ berechnet. Die rangniederen Pferde hatten mit 2,6 gegenüber 3,4 und 3,1 sowohl signifikant weniger Liegephasen pro Pferd und Tag, als auch mit 69,3 ± 3,9 min eine um 22 min signifikant kürzere tägliche Gesamtliegedauer als die Ranghöheren (jeweils p<0,001). Rangniedrige Pferde ruhten in den Liegehallen weniger häufig (2,7 gegenüber 3,5 und 3,2 mittlere Anzahl Liegephasen/ Pferd/ Tag) und auch signifikant (p<0,001) kürzer je Tag (77,8 ± 5,0 min gegenüber 97,3 ± 3,9 min und 98,8 ± 5,1 min). Je jünger ein Pferd war, desto öfter (3,5 gegenüber 2,6 mittlere Anzahl Liegephasen/ Pferd/ Tag) und länger (103,7 ± 7,6 min gegenüber 56,1 ± 13,2 min) legte es sich am Tag nieder, und desto häufiger (90% der Liegephasen der 4 und 5 Jährigen gegenüber 39% und 70% der 16 bis 25 J.) nutzte es die Liegehallen zum Liegen (p<0,001). Das Stockmaß der Pferde und das Pferdegewicht zeigten keinen eindeutigen Einfluss auf das Liegeverhalten. Für den „Body Condition Score“ (Skala 1 bis 9) ergaben sich signifikante Unterschiede. Je höher der BCS der Pferde war, desto häufigere (p=0,0185) und längere Liegezeiten (p=0,007) wiesen sie auf.

Der monatlich gemessenen Ammoniakgehalt sowie Luftgeschwindigkeit, Luftfeuchtigkeit und Temperatur entsprachen bei Einsatz von Gummimatten in den Liegehallen den Anforderungen des BMELV (2009) an ein tiergerechtes Stallklima. Voraussetzung hierfür ist jedoch eine ausreichende Luftzirkulation im Stallgebäude sowie eine gute Stallhygiene.

Die Ergebnisse aus den vergleichenden Beobachtungen der unterschiedlichen Liegematerialien lassen schlussfolgern, dass die hier untersuchten verformbaren Gummimatten in Kombination mit minimaler Späneeinstreu in Offenlaufställen von der Mehrzahl der Pferde zum Ruhen im Liegen angenommen wurde und deshalb als weitgehend tiergerecht beurteilt werden können.

[Being highly social animals, horses are housed most adequately in groups. Loose housing systems are said to be the most species adequate system of horse housing (BMELV, 2009). Recently rubber mats have increasingly been used instead of shavings as bedding in loose housing systems where the different functional areas are separated. Advantages of rubber mats are that they are less cost and labour intensive as shavings, and their use also reduces the bacterial and dust contamination of the environment.

However, it has not yet been shown whether horses are capable of satisfying their recumbency needs on rubber mats as well as they can on shavings. This study looks to clarify this question, as well as to evaluate the hygienic conditions of the stabling climate in the areas equipped with sponge-filled rubber mats (HIT-Softbed® plus).

The recumbency patterns of 56 horses kept in a loose housing system with separate functional areas were observed on 6 days per season (spring, summer, autumn and winter) using wide angle video cameras. The different areas were: three similar but different large halls meant as lying areas (in the middle rubber mats; in the periphery shavings), an unsheltered area with sand footing and a sheltered area with sand footing. The size of the three halls meant as lying areas (LH I 172 m², LH II and III each 143 m²) was adequate with the demands of the BMELV (2009). Confounding factors which could also affect recumbency behaviour, such as day time, season and weather were taken into account. The role of the horses rank was also investigated. The occurrence of disruptions during recumbency phases by other members of the herd was also found out. Horse specific factors such as age, height, weight and body condition score were also taken into account as these could also have an effect on recumbency patterns.

On each day of observation, in average 35 different horses out of 56 horses (65%) were seen to be resting in a recumbent position. Hence many horses did not assume a recumbent position every night. Seventy-two percent of the recumbency

phases occurred between 0 and 4 am. The capacity of the area for a lying position at one time offered the horses was only exploited to 50%.

The length of the recumbency phase varied significantly between animals and for the individual animals over the duration of the observation period (p<0.001). The average recumbent time per lying phase was 28.8 ± 0.5 (SEM) minutes in the halls (I, II and III), 24.6 ± 0.9 min in the shelter and 20.0 ± 1.9 min on the sand area. The average time spent lying down per horse per day was 91 ± 2.7 min in the halls, 43 ± 2.3 min in the shelter and 27 ± 2.9 min on the sand area (p<0.001). The horses lay down an average of 3.2 times in the halls, 1.7 times in the shelter and 1.3 times in the sand area (p<0.001). Seventy-nine percent of the observed recumbency phases (n= 2410) were seen in the halls. This shows that along with the pastures, the halls played a central role in the recumbency patterns of the horses.

When comparing the halls, a wider variety of horses was observed spending a longer time in recumbency (p<0.0005) more often (p<0.0002) in hall I than in the somewhat smaller halls II and III.

The total time spent per day in recumbency with the head supported was 54.8 ± 1.6 min and hence was ten minutes longer than the total daily time spent in recumbency without the head supported with 45.2 ± 1.8 min. On average the horses spent 27.5 ± 1.1 min in lateral recumbency (p<0.001). Horses were observed to lie in lateral recumbency more often in the halls than on sand area or in the shelter (p<0.001).

The daily total length of time spent in recumbency was found to be significantly longer on bedding (74.3 ± 2.9 min) versus on rubber mats (62.4 ± 2.3 min) (p=0.005). Even though the average number and length of recumbency periods per day and horse, as well as the average time spent in lateral recumbency was greater for the halls, when taking surface area into consideration, it was found that the sheltered area was used the most per surface area for resting in recumbency. Hence it is relevant to state the importance of a shelter as additional lying space in loose housing systems.

The highest number of recumbency phases and the longest time spent daily lying down were seen in the mild months of the year (p=0.013). Temperatures below freezing led to decreased recumbency behavior. The horses observed lay down

almost exclusively in the halls when temperature was below -10°C (p<0.001).

The newcomers (n= 10 horses &#8804; 6 months in the stable) to this housing system did not show a diminished recumbency behaviour compared to the other horses (n= 46 horses for 1 to 3 years in the stable). It is apparent that horses that do not have previous experience of rubber mats do not necessitate an adaptation period to use the mats to lay down on, as long as they are introduced into a group of horses that are already comfortable with the use of the mats. Likewise the shavings could help the horses adapt to the new material faster.

The rank of the horse in the herd was determined using a modified “Average Dominance Index”. The horses of low rank showed a significantly lower number of recumbency phases (2.6 compared to 3.4 and 3.1 per horse per day), as well as with 69.3 ± 3.9 min a highly significant shorter by 22 minutes length of recumbency phase when compared to horses of higher rank (each p<0.001). With diminishing rank, the horses lay down less frequently in the halls (2.7 compared to 3.5 and 3.2 recumbency phases per horse per day) and the total daily time spent in recumbency (77.8 ± 5.0 min compared to 97.3 ± 3.9 min und 98.8 ± 5.1 min) diminished significantly (p<0.001). Younger horses were found to lie down more frequently (3.5 compared to 2.6 recumbency phases per horse per day) but also to spend significantly longer periods (103.7 ± 7.6 min compared to 56.1 ± 13.2 min) in recumbency (p<0.001). Younger horses also tended to (90% of recumbency phases of 4 and 5 year old compared to 39% and 70% of 16 until 25 year old) use the halls for recumbent periods of rest (p<0.001). Horse height and weight did not influence recumbency behavior clearly. An interesting correlation was however noted with “body condition score” (BCS). A scale from 1 to 9 was used. The higher the BCS, the more (p=0.0185) and longer (p=0.007) time the animal spent resting in recumbency.

Air ammonia content, air velocity, ambient humidity and temperature measured monthly were within the recommendations of the BMELV (2009). Rubber mats are of no concern to hygiene when used as bedding in loose housing systems with segregated functional areas, as long as sufficient air circulation and proper stable hygiene are present.

The results of the comparative observations of the various bedding materials lead us to conclude that the currently studied rubber mats in combination with a

minimum amount of shaving are accepted by the majority of the horses and therefore are a widely species-appropriate bedding material for horses in loose housing systems.]
Address
Corporate Author Thesis Ph.D. thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Munich Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5770
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Author (up) Baumgartner, M.; Boisson, T.; Erhard, M.H.; Zeitler-Feicht, M.H.
Title Common Feeding Practices Pose A Risk to the Welfare of Horses When Kept on Non-Edible Bedding Type Journal Article
Year 2020 Publication Animals Abbreviated Journal Animals
Volume 10 Issue Pages 441
Keywords horse behaviour; feed intake pause; bedding; welfare indicator; feeding practices; roughage; horse welfare; individual housing system
Abstract During the evolution of the horse, an extended period of feed intake, spread over the entire 24-h period, determined the horsesâ&#65533;&#65533; behaviour and physiology. Horses will not interrupt their feed intake for more than 4 h, if they have a choice. The aim of the present study was to investigate in what way restrictive feeding practices (non ad libitum) affect the horsesâ&#65533;&#65533; natural feed intake behaviour. We observed the feed intake behaviour of 104 horses on edible (n = 30) and non-edible bedding (n = 74) on ten different farms. We assessed the duration of the forced nocturnal feed intake interruption of horses housed on shavings when no additional roughage was available. Furthermore, we comparatively examined the feed intake behaviour of horses housed on edible versus non-edible bedding. The daily restrictive feeding of roughage (2 times a day: n = 8; 3 times a day: n = 2), as it is common in individual housing systems, resulted in a nocturnal feed intake interruption of more than 4 hours for the majority (74.32%, 55/74) of the horses on shavings (8:50 ± 1:25 h, median: 8:45 h, minimum: 6:45 h, maximum: 13:23 h). In comparison to horses on straw, horses on shavings paused their feed intake less frequently and at a later latency. Furthermore, they spent less time on consuming the evening meal than horses on straw. Our results of the comparison of the feed-intake behaviour of horses on edible and non-edible bedding show that the horsesâ&#65533;&#65533; ethological feeding needs are not satisfied on non-edible bedding. If the horses accelerate their feed intake (also defined as â&#65533;&#65533;rebound effectâ&#65533;&#65533;), this might indicate that the horsesâ&#65533;&#65533; welfare is compromised. We conclude that in addition to the body condition score, the longest duration of feed intake interruption (usually in the night) is an important welfare indicator of horses that have limited access to roughage.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title Animals
Series Volume 10 Series Issue 3 Edition
ISSN 2076-2615 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6647
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