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Author (up) Heyes CM openurl 
  Title Self-recognition in primates: irreverence, irrelevance and irony Type Journal Article
  Year 1996 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 51 Issue Pages 470  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3007  
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Author (up) Heyes CM openurl 
  Title Self-recognition in primates: further reflections create a hall of mirrors Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 50 Issue Pages 1533  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3006  
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Author (up) Heyes CM openurl 
  Title Reflections on self-recognition in primates Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 47 Issue Pages 909  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3005  
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Author (up) Heyes, C.M. url  doi
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  Title Imitation and flattery: a reply to Byrne & Tomasello Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages 1421-1424  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 593  
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Author (up) Heyes, C.M. url  openurl
  Title Imitation, culture and cognition Type Journal Article
  Year 1993 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 999-1010  
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  Abstract Abstract. This paper examines the significance of imitation in non-human animals with respect to the phylogenetic origins of culture and cognitive complexity. It is argued that both imitation (learning about behaviour through nonspecific observation) and social learning (learning about the environment through conspecific observation) can mediate social transmission of information, and that neither is likely to play an important role in supporting behavioural traditions or culture. Current evidence suggests that imitation is unlikely to do this because it does not insulate information from modification through individual learning in the retention period between acquisition and re-transmission. Although insignificant in relation to culture, imitation apparently involves complex and little-understood cognitive operations. It is unique in requiring animals spontaneously to equate extrinsic visual input with proprioceptive and/or kinaesthetic feedback from their own actions, but not in requiring or implicating self-consciousness, representation, metarepresentation or a capacity for goal-directed action.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2920  
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Author (up) Hockenhull, J.; Creighton, E. url  doi
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  Title Unwanted oral investigative behaviour in horses: A note on the relationship between mugging behaviour, hand-feeding titbits and clicker training Type Journal Article
  Year 2010 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.  
  Volume 127 Issue 3-4 Pages 104-107  
  Keywords Equine; Horse; Titbits; Food rewards; Clicker training; Mugging behaviour  
  Abstract Unwanted oral investigative in horses has been anecdotally attributed to the practice of hand-feeding. Fears over such behaviour developing as a consequence of using food rewards, for example in clicker training, have been implicated as a common reason for not employing food-based positive reinforcement training techniques. This study used data generated as part of a larger research project, and explored associations between five common oral investigative behaviours and the practices of hand-feeding and clicker training. Data were from a convenience sample of UK leisure horse owners using two self-administered Internet surveys. Ninety-one percent of respondents reported giving their horse food by hand and this practice was significantly associated with three of the five oral investigative behaviours, licking hands (P = 0.006), gently searching clothing (P < 0.001) and roughly searching clothing (P = 0.003). Nipping hands and biting clothes were not associated with hand-feeding, suggesting that risk factors for these behaviours originate outside of this practice. Clicker training techniques were employed by 14% of respondents and their use was not associated with the incidence of any of the five oral investigative behaviours. These findings suggest that horse owners should not be deterred from using food-based positive reinforcement techniques with their horses, as fears that this practice will result in unwanted oral investigative behaviours from their horses appear unfounded.  
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  ISSN 0168-1591 ISBN Medium  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5183  
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Author (up) Hodson, E.F.; Clayton, H.M.; Lanovaz, J.L. url  openurl
  Title Temporal analysis of walk movements in the Grand Prix dressage test at the 1996 Olympic Games Type Journal Article
  Year 1999 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.  
  Volume 62 Issue 2-3 Pages 89-97  
  Keywords Dressage; Horse; Kinematics; Locomotion; Gait  
  Abstract Video analysis was used to measure temporal characteristics of the collected walk, extended walk and half pirouette at walk of eleven competitors during the team dressage competition at the 1996 Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta, GA. Forelimb stance durations, hind limb stance durations, lateral step intervals and diagonal step intervals were symmetrical for the right and left sides in the collected and extended walk strides, but there were left-right asymmetries in the forelimb stance duration and in the lateral step interval in the half pirouette strides. For both collected and extended walk strides, hind limb stance duration was significantly longer than forelimb stance duration. The mean values for the group of eleven horses showed that the collected and extended walks had a regular rhythm. The half pirouette strides showed an irregularity in which there was a short interval between footfalls of the outside forelimb and inside hind limb, and along interval between footfalls of the inside hind limb and inside forelimb. This irregularity reflected an early placement of the inside hind limb. The stance times of both hind limbs were prolonged and this finding, in combination with the early placement of the inside hind limb, led to an increase in the period of tripedal support in each stride of the half pirouette. This was interpreted as a means of maintaining the horses' balance in the absence of forward movement.  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3960  
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Author (up) Hoff, M.P.; Powell, D.M.; Lukas, K.E.; Maple, T.L. url  doi
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  Title Individual and social behavior of lowland gorillas in outdoor exhibits compared with indoor holding areas Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.  
  Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 359-370  
  Keywords Behavior; Agonistic behavior; Spatial distribution; Primates; Social behavior; Housing; Zoo animals; Gorilla  
  Abstract The behavior of nine lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) living in three social groups at Zoo Atlanta was compared in an indoor holding area versus an outdoor exhibit. Focal animal data were collected for each animal during 15 min observation sessions, alternating between indoors and outdoors. A variety of solitary and social behaviors differed in the two conditions. All individual and social behaviors that showed a difference, except eating, occurred more indoors than outdoors. These included aggressive displays, reclining, self manipulation, and social examination of others. Additionally, the gorillas spent more time closer together in the indoor condition. A variety of other behaviors measured did not change between the two environments. There was a clear effect on behavior of the different housing conditions in which the gorillas were kept. It is suggested that the differences in aggressive behavior may be related to environmental complexity. It is further suggested that zoos should be aware that differences in behavior reported by caretaking staff, researchers and visitors may be a reflection of the differing environmental circumstances in which the animals are observed.  
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  Call Number Serial 2143  
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Author (up) Hogan, E.S.; Houpt, K.A.; Sweeney, K. url  doi
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  Title The effect of enclosure size on social interactions and daily activity patterns of the captive Asiatic wild horse (Equus przewalskii) Type Journal Article
  Year 1988 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.  
  Volume 21 Issue 1-2 Pages 147-168  
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  Abstract Two herds of Przewalski horses at the Minnesota Zoological Garden were observed during 1980 in each of 2 enclosures that differed in size. The larger enclosure was a 3.4-ha pasture; the smaller enclosure was a 17 x 30-m grass-less pen. One herd was composed of a stallion, 3 adult mares and 2 foals. The other consisted of a stallion and 2 mares. All occurrences of aggression, mutual grooming and snapping were recorded, and 5-min scan-samples of the activity state of each horse were taken. The time budgets, frequency of aggression and frequency of mutual grooming differed significantly with enclosure size for both herds. More time was spent pacing and milling in the smaller enclosure, and the frequency of aggressions and of mutual grooming was also higher. Only the foals exhibited snapping; frequency of snapping did not vary with enclosure size. More time was spent feeding in the larger enclosure. Provision of hay in the smaller enclosure eliminated the differences in time spent feeding. A second study was conducted during the spring of 1984 in an intermediate-sized enclosure, 0.4 ha, a sub-division of the pasture on which the horses were kept in 1980. One herd consisted of a stallion, 2 mares and 2 yearlings; the other consisted of a stallion, 3 mares and a foal. One of the stallions and all of the mares were those studied in 1980, but that stallion and one of the mares were in different herds than they had been in 1980. The frequency of aggression was similar to that observed in 1980.  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 780  
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Author (up) Hoglund, J.; Alatalo, R.V.; Gibson, R.M.; Lundberg, A. url  openurl
  Title Mate-choice copying in black grouse Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 49 Issue 6 Pages 1627-1633  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1817  
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