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Author |
Klingel H, |
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Title |
A Comparison of the Social Organization of the Equids. in Denniston RH (ed) |
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1980 |
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Symposium on the Ecology and Behavior of Wild and Feral Equids, Laramie 1979 |
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23-30 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1315 |
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Author |
Ruffner Ga, C.S. |
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Title |
Age structure, condition, and reproduction of two burro (Equus asinus) populations from Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona |
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1979 |
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Symposium on the Ecology and Behavior of wild and feral Equids, Laramie |
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235 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1534 |
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Author |
Schilder, M.B. H. |
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Title |
Interventions in a herd of semi – captive Plains zebras |
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Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Behavior |
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Behaviour |
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112 |
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1-2 |
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53-83 |
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Abstract |
n a herd of semi-captive plains zebras interventions, which occurred within the harems, were investigated in order to answer the question why zebras interfered. These interventions are of interest because they regulate the contacts between companions and because, as corrective and preventive measures, they reveal the normative principles underlying the behaviours by which animals structure their social environment. An attempt was made to deduce 1) the internal norms of the interferer; 2) his short term aims; 3) his tactis and 4) his perception of the social environment. The analysis revealed that in the case of an affiliative interaction foals, yearlings and adult mares started to interfere if a friend had an affiliative contact with another zebra. In view of the interferer's behaviours it was concluded that their aim was to break off the ongoing interaction and that zebras tended to protect friendship bonds. Foals and yearlings further interfered if their mother was being threatened, attacked or sexually approached by a stallion. In view of the interferer's behaviours its aim was to prevent iminent interactions or to break off ongoing interactions. This suggests that these interventions were of a protective nature. The interferer's behaviours in both contexts ware very much alike. Mares tended to interfere if their foal/yearling or adult daughter was threathened or aggressed or if a mare friend was being sexually approached by a stallion. This type of intervention was of a protective nature. Stallions in a multi male harem showed a high tendency to interfere in courtship interactions. From the resemblance between interventions in courtship and in aggressive interactions it is concluded that, at leat in a number of cases, the individuals have perceived courtship behaviour by the stallion as a threat towards the mare involved. |
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1565 |
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Author |
Waring Gh, |
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Title |
Behavioral adaptation as a factor in management of feral equids |
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1979 |
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Symposium on the Ecology and Behavior of wild and feral Equids, Laramie |
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85-92 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1697 |
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Author |
Wolfe Ml, |
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Title |
Feral horse demography: A preliminary report (Abstract) |
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1979 |
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Symposium on the Ecology and Behavior of wild and feral Equids, Laramie |
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173-174 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1715 |
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Author |
Wolfe Ml, |
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Title |
Population ecology of the kulan |
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1979 |
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Symposium on the Ecology and Behavior of wild and feral Equids, Laramie |
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205-218 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1716 |
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Author |
Woodward Sl, |
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Title |
Population dynamics of a herd of feral burros (Abstract) |
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1979 |
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Symposium on the Ecology and Behavior of wild and feral Equids, Laramie |
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219-220 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1719 |
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Author |
Zervanos Sm, K.R. |
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Title |
Seasonal home ranges and activity patterns of feral assateague island ponies |
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1979 |
Publication |
Symposium on the Ecology and Behavior of wild and feral Equids, Laramie |
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3-14 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1753 |
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Author |
Farmer-Dougan, V.; Dougan, J. |
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Title |
The Man Who Listens To Behavior: Folk Wisdom And Behavior Analysis From A Real Horse Whisperer |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
JOURNAL OF THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR |
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J Exp Anal Behav |
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72 |
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1 |
Pages |
139-149 |
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positive reinforcement, aversive control, learned helplessness, language, biological constraints, |
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Abstract |
The popular novel and movie The Horse Whisperer are based on the work of several real-life horse
whisperers, the most famous of whom is Monty Roberts. Over the last 50 years, Roberts has developed
a technique for training horses that is both more effective and less aversive than traditional training
techniques. An analysis of Roberts` methods (as described in his book, The Man Who Listens to Horses)
indicates a deep understanding of behavioral principles including positive reinforcement, timeout,
species-specific defense reactions, learned helplessness, and the behavioral analysis of language.
Roberts developed his theory and techniques on the basis of personal experience and folk wisdom,
and not as the result of formal training in behavior analysis. Behavior analysts can clearly learn from
such insightful yet behaviorally incorrect practitioners, just as such practitioners can benefit from
the objective science of behavior analysts. |
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0022-5002 |
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PMID:16812908 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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1829 |
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Author |
Cameron, E.Z.; Linklater, W.L.; Stafford, K.J.; Minot, E.O. |
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Title |
Aging and improving reproductive success in horses: declining residual reproductive value or just older and wiser? |
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2000 |
Publication |
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |
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Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. |
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47 |
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4 |
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243-249 |
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Maternal investment – Equidae – Equus caballus |
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In many mammalian species, female success in raising offspring improves as they age. The residual reproductive value hypothesis predicts that each individual offspring will be more valuable to the mother as she ages because there is less conflict between the current and potential future offspring. Therefore, as mothers age, their investment into individual offspring should increase. Empirical evidence for an influence of declining residual reproductive value on maternal investment is unconvincing. Older mothers may not invest more, but may be more successful due to greater experience, allowing them to target their investment more appropriately (targeted reproductive effort hypothesis). Most studies do not preclude either hypothesis. Mare age significantly influenced maternal investment in feral horses living on the North Island of New Zealand. Older mares, that were more successful at raising foals, were more protective for the first 20 days of life, but less diligent thereafter. Total maternal input by older mothers did not seem to be any greater, but was better targeted at the most critical period for foal survival and a similar pattern was observed in mares that had lost a foal in the previous year. In addition, older mothers were more likely to foal in consecutive years, supporting the hypothesis that they are investing less than younger mares in individual offspring. Therefore, older mothers seem to become more successful by targeting their investment better due to experience, not by investing more in their offspring. |
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2019 |
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