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Goodwin, D.; McGreevy, P.D.; Heleski, C.; Randle, H.; Waran, N. |
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Equitation science: The application of science in equitation |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
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Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science |
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11 |
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3 |
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185-190 |
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School of Natural Sciences, Unitec, New Zealand |
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Export Date: 13 November 2008; Source: Scopus |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4656 |
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Author |
Joffe, T.H.; Dunbar, R.I. |
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Title |
Visual and socio-cognitive information processing in primate brain evolution |
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Year |
1997 |
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Proceedings. Biological Sciences / The Royal Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Biol Sci |
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Volume |
264 |
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1386 |
Pages |
1303-1307 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Brain/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Cognition/physiology; *Evolution; Geniculate Bodies/anatomy & histology/physiology; Humans; Mental Processes/physiology; Neocortex/physiology; Primates/anatomy & histology/*physiology/*psychology; *Social Behavior; Visual Cortex/anatomy & histology/physiology |
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Abstract |
Social group size has been shown to correlate with neocortex size in primates. Here we use comparative analyses to show that social group size is independently correlated with the size of non-V1 neocortical areas, but not with other more proximate components of the visual system or with brain systems associated with emotional cueing (e.g. the amygdala). We argue that visual brain components serve as a social information 'input device' for socio-visual stimuli such as facial expressions, bodily gestures and visual status markers, while the non-visual neocortex serves as a 'processing device' whereby these social cues are encoded, interpreted and associated with stored information. However, the second appears to have greater overall importance because the size of the V1 visual area appears to reach an asymptotic size beyond which visual acuity and pattern recognition may not improve significantly. This is especially true of the great ape clade (including humans), that is known to use more sophisticated social cognitive strategies. |
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School of Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK |
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0962-8452 |
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PMID:9332015 |
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2095 |
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Hall, C.A.; Cassaday, H.J.; Derrington, A.M. |
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Title |
The effect of stimulus height on visual discrimination in horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
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Volume |
81 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
1715-1720 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Discrimination Learning/physiology; Female; Horses/physiology/*psychology; Male; Orientation; *Photic Stimulation; Vision/*physiology |
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Abstract |
This study investigated the effect of stimulus height on the ability of horses to learn a simple visual discrimination task. Eight horses were trained to perform a two-choice, black/white discrimination with stimuli presented at one of two heights: ground level or at a height of 70 cm from the ground. The height at which the stimuli were presented was alternated from one session to the next. All trials within a single session were presented at the same height. The criterion for learning was four consecutive sessions of 70% correct responses. Performance was found to be better when stimuli were presented at ground level with respect to the number of trials taken to reach the criterion (P < 0.05), percentage of correct first choices (P < 0.01), and repeated errors made (P < 0.01). Thus, training horses to carry out tasks of visual discrimination could be enhanced by placing the stimuli on the ground. In addition, the results of the present study suggest that the visual appearance of ground surfaces is an important factor in both horse management and training. |
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School of Land-based Studies, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst College Campus, Southwell, Nottinghamshire, England NG25 0QF. carol.hall@ntu.ac.uk |
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0021-8812 |
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PMID:12854807 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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835 |
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Author |
Hall, C.A.; Cassaday, H.J.; Vincent, C.J.; Derrington, A.M. |
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Title |
Cone excitation ratios correlate with color discrimination performance in the horse (Equus caballus) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
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Volume |
120 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
438-448 |
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Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Color Perception; *Discrimination (Psychology); Discrimination Learning; Horses; Photoreceptors, Vertebrate/*physiology |
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Six horses (Equus caballus) were trained to discriminate color from grays in a counterbalanced sequence in which lightness cues were irrelevant. Subsequently, the pretrained colors were presented in a different sequence. Two sets of novel colors paired with novel grays were also tested. Performance was just as good in these transfer tests. Once the horse had learned to select the chromatic from the achromatic stimulus, regardless of the specific color, they were immediately able to apply this rule to novel stimuli. In terms of the underlying visual mechanisms, the present study showed for the first time that the spectral sensitivity of horse cone photopigments, measured as cone excitation ratios, was correlated with color discrimination performance, measured as accuracy, repeated errors, and latency of approach. |
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School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Southwell, United Kingdom. carol.hall@ntu.ac.uk |
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0735-7036 |
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PMID:17115866 |
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no |
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Serial |
1780 |
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Musterle, B.; Furst, A.; Geyer, H.; Raber, M.; Weishaupt, M.A. |
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Title |
[Interactive educational DVD on hoof protection, horseshoeing and diseases of the hoof] |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde |
Abbreviated Journal |
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd |
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Volume |
148 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
81-85 |
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Animals; *Education, Veterinary/methods; Foot Diseases/pathology/therapy/*veterinary; Hoof and Claw/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Horse Diseases/*pathology/therapy; Horses/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Humans; Shoes; Videodisc Recording |
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Good cooperation between farrier, veterinarian and horse owner is an important prerequisite for optimal support of the horse with regards to shoeing and hoof health. The introduction of a joint educational aid aims to improve the level of education of both veterinarians and farriers. The interactive, multimedia approach represents an innovative new dimension in instruction techniques, predominantly provided through images and videos. The contents of the new teaching aid will focus on detailed anatomy of the foot and distal limb, as well as currently accepted shoeing practices and techniques and pathologic conditions of the hoof and foot. |
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Pferdeklinik der Universitat Zurich |
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German |
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Interaktives Lehrmittel Huf: Schutz, Beschlag und Erkrankungen |
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0036-7281 |
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PMID:16509169 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4033 |
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Author |
Previc, F.H. |
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Title |
Thyroid hormone production in chimpanzees and humans: implications for the origins of human intelligence |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
American Journal of Physical Anthropology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Phys Anthropol |
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Volume |
118 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
402-3; discussion 404-5 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Humans; *Intelligence; Pan troglodytes/*metabolism; Species Specificity; Thyroid Hormones/*biosynthesis |
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Northrop Grumman Information Technology, San Antonio, Texas 78228, USA. fred.previc@brooks.af.mil |
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0002-9483 |
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PMID:12124921 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4108 |
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McDonnell, S.M.; Freeman, D.A.; Cymbaluk, N.F.; Schott, H.C. 2nd; Hinchcliff, K.; Kyle, B. |
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Behavior of stabled horses provided continuous or intermittent access to drinking water |
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Journal Article |
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1999 |
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American Journal of Veterinary Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Vet Res |
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60 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1451-1456 |
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Keywords |
Aggression; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Drinking Behavior; Feeding Behavior; Female; Horses/*physiology/*psychology; Housing, Animal; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal/physiology/*psychology; Social Behavior; Videotape Recording; *Water Supply |
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OBJECTIVE: To compare quantitative measures and clinical assessments of behavior as an indication of psychologic well-being of stabled horses provided drinking water continuously or via 1 of 3 intermittent delivery systems. ANIMALS: 22 Quarter Horse (QH) or QH-crossbred mares and 17 Belgian or Belgian-crossbred mares (study 1) and 24 QH or QH-crossbred mares and 18 Belgian or Belgian-crossbred mares (study 2). PROCEDURE: Stabled horses were provided water continuously or via 1 of 3 intermittent water delivery systems in 2 study periods during a 2-year period. Continuous 24-hour videotaped samples were used to compare quantitative measures and clinical assessments of behavior among groups provided water by the various water delivery systems. RESULTS: All horses had clinically normal behavior. Significant differences in well being were not detected among groups provided water by the various delivery systems. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Various continuous and intermittent water delivery systems can provide adequately for the psychologic well-being of stabled horses. |
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New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square 19348, USA |
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0002-9645 |
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PMID:10566826 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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1928 |
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Straatsma, G.; Samson, R.A.; Olijnsma, T.W.; Op Den Camp, H.J.; Gerrits, J.P.; Van Griensven, L.J. |
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Ecology of Thermophilic Fungi in Mushroom Compost, with Emphasis on Scytalidium thermophilum and Growth Stimulation of Agaricus bisporus Mycelium |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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Appl Environ Microbiol |
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60 |
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2 |
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454-458 |
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Twenty-two species of thermophilic fungi were isolated from mushroom compost. Scytalidium thermophilum was present in the compost ingredients, fresh straw, horse droppings, and drainage from compost and dominated the fungal biota of compost after preparation. Of 34 species of thermophilic fungi tested, 9 promoted mycelial growth of Agaricus bisporus on sterilized compost: Chaetomium thermophilum, an unidentified Chaetomium sp., Malbranchea sulfurea, Myriococcum thermophilum, S. thermophilum, Stilbella thermophila, Thielavia terrestris, and two unidentified basidiomycetes. These species will be considered for future experiments on inoculation and more controlled preparation of compost. |
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Mushroom [ill] Station, Horst, The Netherlands |
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0099-2240 |
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PMID:16349175 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2664 |
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Author |
Fruehwirth, B.; Peham, C.; Scheidl, M.; Schobesberger, H. |
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Title |
Evaluation of pressure distribution under an English saddle at walk, trot and canter |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
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36 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
754-757 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Back/*physiology; Biomechanics; Body Weight/physiology; Exercise Test/veterinary; Gait/*physiology; Horses/*physiology; Humans; Locomotion/*physiology; Pressure |
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Abstract |
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Basic information about the influence of a rider on the equine back is currently lacking. HYPOTHESIS: That pressure distribution under a saddle is different between the walk, trot and canter. METHODS: Twelve horses without clinical signs of back pain were ridden. At least 6 motion cycles at walk, trot and canter were measured kinematically. Using a saddle pad, the pressure distribution was recorded. The maximum overall force (MOF) and centre of pressure (COP) were calculated. The range of back movement was determined from a marker placed on the withers. RESULTS: MOF and COP showed a consistent time pattern in each gait. MOF was 12.1 +/- 1.2 and 243 +/- 4.6 N/kg at walk and trot, respectively, in the ridden horse. In the unridden horse MOF was 172.7 +/- 11.8 N (walk) and 302.4 +/- 33.9 N (trot). At ridden canter, MOF was 27.2 +/- 4.4 N/kg. The range of motion of the back of the ridden horse was significantly lower compared to the unridden, saddled horse. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Analyses may help quantitative and objective evaluation of the interaction between rider and horse as mediated through the saddle. The information presented is therefore of importance to riders, saddlers and equine clinicians. With the technique used in this study, style, skill and training level of different riders can be quantified, which would give the opportunity to detect potentially harmful influences and create opportunities for improvement. |
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Movement Science Group, Department V, Clinic of Orthopaedics in Ungulates, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria |
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0425-1644 |
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PMID:15656510 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4041 |
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Author |
Manson, J.H.; Perry, S.; Stahl, D. |
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Title |
Reconciliation in wild white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
American journal of primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Primatol. |
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Volume |
65 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
205-219 |
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Aggression; Animals; Cebus/*psychology; Female; Male; Sex Factors; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Time Factors |
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Abstract |
The likelihood of reconciliation (defined as preferential peaceful contact among former opponents following conflicts) has been predicted to vary positively with relationship value and compatibility, and negatively with relationship security. Long-term data on wild white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus) indicate that dyads consisting of an adult female and an alpha male have high value and compatibility, but low security. Two studies of C. capucinus postconflict (PC) behavior were carried out at Lomas Barbudal Biological Reserve, Costa Rica. One study consisted of 30-min PC and matched control (MC) follows. The second study extracted PC and MC periods from long follows, yielding PC/MC periods averaging 105 min. In study 2, but not study 1, significantly more PC/MC pairs were attracted (former opponents affiliated with each other sooner in the PC period than in the MC period) than were dispersed (former opponents affiliated with each other sooner in the MC period than in the PC period). Reconciliation in study 2 could not be explained as a by-product of former opponents' tendency to seek affiliative contact with conspecifics generally, or of the spatial proximity of opponents following conflicts. Attempted reconciliation was less likely to be followed by renewed aggression when reconciliation attempts were delayed following conflicts. The data were insufficient for a formal test of differences in conciliatory tendency (the difference between the number of attracted and dispersed PC/MC pairs, divided by the total number of pairs) among dyad types to be conducted. |
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Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. manson@eva.mpg.de |
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English |
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0275-2565 |
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PMID:15772989 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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2874 |
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