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Author |
Blaisdell, A.P.; Sawa, K.; Leising, K.J.; Waldmann, M.R. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Causal reasoning in rats |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
311 |
Issue |
5763 |
Pages |
1020-1022 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Association Learning; Bayes Theorem; *Cognition; Comprehension; Forecasting; Male; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans |
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Abstract |
Empirical research with nonhuman primates appears to support the view that causal reasoning is a key cognitive faculty that divides humans from animals. The claim is that animals approximate causal learning using associative processes. The present results cast doubt on that conclusion. Rats made causal inferences in a basic task that taps into core features of causal reasoning without requiring complex physical knowledge. They derived predictions of the outcomes of interventions after passive observational learning of different kinds of causal models. These competencies cannot be explained by current associative theories but are consistent with causal Bayes net theories. |
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Address ![sorted by Address field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. blaisdell@psych.ucla.edu |
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1095-9203 |
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PMID:16484500 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
154 |
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Author |
Brannon, E.M.; Terrace, H.S. |
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Title |
Ordering of the numerosities 1 to 9 by monkeys |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
282 |
Issue |
5389 |
Pages |
746-749 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Discrimination (Psychology); Macaca mulatta/*psychology; *Mathematics; *Mental Processes |
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Abstract |
A fundamental question in cognitive science is whether animals can represent numerosity (a property of a stimulus that is defined by the number of discriminable elements it contains) and use numerical representations computationally. Here, it was shown that rhesus monkeys represent the numerosity of visual stimuli and detect their ordinal disparity. Two monkeys were first trained to respond to exemplars of the numerosities 1 to 4 in an ascending numerical order (1 --> 2 --> 3 --> 4). As a control for non-numerical cues, exemplars were varied with respect to size, shape, and color. The monkeys were later tested, without reward, on their ability to order stimulus pairs composed of the novel numerosities 5 to 9. Both monkeys responded in an ascending order to the novel numerosities. These results show that rhesus monkeys represent the numerosities 1 to 9 on an ordinal scale. |
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Address ![sorted by Address field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA. liz@psych.columbia.edu |
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0036-8075 |
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PMID:9784133 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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606 |
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Bergman, T.J.; Beehner, J.C.; Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Hierarchical classification by rank and kinship in baboons |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
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Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
302 |
Issue |
5648 |
Pages |
1234-1236 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Wild; Botswana; *Cognition; Family; Female; *Hierarchy, Social; Language; *Papio/psychology; Social Dominance; Vocalization, Animal |
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Abstract |
Humans routinely classify others according to both their individual attributes, such as social status or wealth, and membership in higher order groups, such as families or castes. They also recognize that people's individual attributes may be influenced and regulated by their group affiliations. It is not known whether such rule-governed, hierarchical classifications are specific to humans or might also occur in nonlinguistic species. Here we show that baboons recognize that a dominance hierarchy can be subdivided into family groups. In playback experiments, baboons respond more strongly to call sequences mimicking dominance rank reversals between families than within families, indicating that they classify others simultaneously according to both individual rank and kinship. The selective pressures imposed by complex societies may therefore have favored cognitive skills that constitute an evolutionary precursor to some components of human cognition. |
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Address ![sorted by Address field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. thore@sas.upenn.edu |
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1095-9203 |
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PMID:14615544 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
689 |
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Author |
Real, L.A. |
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Title |
Animal choice behavior and the evolution of cognitive architecture |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
253 |
Issue |
5023 |
Pages |
980-986 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Bees/genetics/*physiology; Biomechanics; *Choice Behavior; *Cognition; *Evolution; Mathematics; Models, Genetic; Probability |
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Abstract |
Animals process sensory information according to specific computational rules and, subsequently, form representations of their environments that form the basis for decisions and choices. The specific computational rules used by organisms will often be evolutionarily adaptive by generating higher probabilities of survival, reproduction, and resource acquisition. Experiments with enclosed colonies of bumblebees constrained to foraging on artificial flowers suggest that the bumblebee's cognitive architecture is designed to efficiently exploit floral resources from spatially structured environments given limits on memory and the neuronal processing of information. A non-linear relationship between the biomechanics of nectar extraction and rates of net energetic gain by individual bees may account for sensitivities to both the arithmetic mean and variance in reward distributions in flowers. Heuristic rules that lead to efficient resource exploitation may also lead to subjective misperception of likelihoods. Subjective probability formation may then be viewed as a problem in pattern recognition subject to specific sampling schemes and memory constraints. |
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Address ![sorted by Address field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-3280 |
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0036-8075 |
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PMID:1887231 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2846 |
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Author |
Hare, B.; Brown, M.; Williamson, C.; Tomasello, M. |
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Title |
The domestication of social cognition in dogs |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
298 |
Issue |
5598 |
Pages |
1634-1636 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Animals, Domestic; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; *Cues; *Dogs; Food; Humans; Memory; Pan troglodytes; *Social Behavior; Species Specificity; Vision; Wolves |
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Abstract |
Dogs are more skillful than great apes at a number of tasks in which they must read human communicative signals indicating the location of hidden food. In this study, we found that wolves who were raised by humans do not show these same skills, whereas domestic dog puppies only a few weeks old, even those that have had little human contact, do show these skills. These findings suggest that during the process of domestication, dogs have been selected for a set of social-cognitive abilities that enable them to communicate with humans in unique ways. |
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Address ![sorted by Address field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. bhare@fas.harvard.edu |
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1095-9203 |
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PMID:12446914 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
595 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Subiaul, F.; Cantlon, J.F.; Holloway, R.L.; Terrace, H.S. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Cognitive imitation in rhesus macaques |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
305 |
Issue |
5682 |
Pages |
407-410 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Cognition; *Imitative Behavior; *Learning; Macaca mulatta/*physiology/psychology; Male |
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Abstract |
Experiments on imitation typically evaluate a student's ability to copy some feature of an expert's motor behavior. Here, we describe a type of observational learning in which a student copies a cognitive rule rather than a specific motor action. Two rhesus macaques were trained to respond, in a prescribed order, to different sets of photographs that were displayed on a touch-sensitive monitor. Because the position of the photographs varied randomly from trial to trial, sequences could not be learned by motor imitation. Both monkeys learned new sequences more rapidly after observing an expert execute those sequences than when they had to learn new sequences entirely by trial and error. |
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Address ![sorted by Address field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA. subiaul@aol.com |
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1095-9203 |
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PMID:15256673 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2839 |
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Author |
Kerr, R.A. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
PALEOCLIMATOLOGY. Atlantic mud shows how melting ice triggered an ancient chill |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
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Science |
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Volume |
312 |
Issue |
5782 |
Pages |
1860 |
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1095-9203 |
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PMID:16809498 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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283 |
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Author |
Cheney, D.; Seyfarth, R.; Smuts, B. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Social relationships and social cognition in nonhuman primates |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
234 |
Issue |
4782 |
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1361-1366 |
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Animals; *Cognition; Female; Male; Pair Bond; Primates/*physiology; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Social Perception |
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Complex social relationships among nonhuman primates appear to contribute to individual reproductive success. Experiments with and behavioral observations of natural populations suggest that sophisticated cognitive mechanisms may underlie primate social relationships. Similar capacities are usually less apparent in the nonsocial realm, supporting the view that at least some aspects of primate intelligence evolved to solve the challenges of interacting with conspecifics. |
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0036-8075 |
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PMID:3538419 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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349 |
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Author |
Miller, G. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Animal behavior. Signs of empathy seen in mice |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
312 |
Issue |
5782 |
Pages |
1860-1861 |
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Altruism; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Empathy; Formaldehyde/administration & dosage; Mice/*psychology; Motivation; Pain/*psychology; *Social Behavior |
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1095-9203 |
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PMID:16809499 |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
461 |
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Author |
Packer, C; Heinsohn, R. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Response:Lioness leadership |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
271 |
Issue |
5253 |
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1215-1216 |
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Animals; *Behavior; Animal; Cooperative Behavior; Female; Lions/*psychology; Territoriality |
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Address ![sorted by Address field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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0036-8075 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Jahn1996 |
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2072 |
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